ty

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ty"

Languages (26)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Albanian • Cornish • Czech • Danish • Eastern Katu • Hungarian • Judeo-Tat • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nǀuu • Old Czech • Old Polish • Old Tupi • Paraguayan Guarani • Polish • Silesian • Slovak • Swedish • Tapayuna • Upper Sorbian • Xhosa • Yola

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

ty

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Tahitian.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Tahitian terms

English

Interjection

ty

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of thank you.

   Alternative form: TY

Anagrams

• Y. T., YT, yt, Y.T.

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tə̟i̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ty (plural tye)

1. (poetic, literary) tide

   Synonym: gety

Derived terms

• tyhawe

Albanian

Alternative forms

• ti, tu — dialectal
• tynê — southern Gheg, Kavajë

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tuu̯an, from earlier *tuu̯ān, from earlier *tuu̯ām, from Proto-Indo-European *tuu̯ēm (*twé, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”)). Compare Latin te.

Pronunciation

• (Tosk) IPA^(key): [ty]
• (Gheg) IPA^(key): [ty]
  • IPA^(key): [tø̝̃nɛ̃] (southern Gheg, Kavajë)
  • IPA^(key): [tɑːj] (central Gheg)

Pronoun

ty

1. (personal) accusative of ti, you (singular)

Related terms

• ti
• teje
• të

Cornish

Alternative forms

• (Revived Late Cornish) che, chy
• (Standard Cornish) te

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ti, from Proto-Celtic *tū. Cognate with Breton te, Irish tú, Manx oo, Scottish Gaelic thu, and Welsh ti.

Pronoun

ty

1. you (informal second person singular pronoun)

   Ty a welas.

   You saw.

See also

Cornish personal pronouns

number	person		independent (subject)	suffixed			infixed	possessive (dependent)
				enclitic	emphatic	reduced
singular	first		my	vy	evy	ma, a	'm	owA
	second		ty	jy, sy1	tejy	ta, a	'thM	dhaS
	third2	m	ev	ev	eev	va, a	'n	yS
		f	hi	hi	hyhi	—	's	hyA
plural	first		ni	ni	nyni		'gan, 'n	agan, 'gan
	second3		hwi	hwi	hwyhwi		'gas, 's	agas, 'gas
	third		i	i	ynsi		's	agaA, 'gaA

¹ Uncommon.
² hun and ins have been suggested as non-binary 3rd person singular pronouns, though these have not yet officially adopted.
³ Infrequently used as a formal alternative to the singular.

^S Triggers soft mutation ^A Triggers aspirate mutation ^M Triggers mixed mutation

Mutation

Mutation of ty

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
ty	dy	thy	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ty, from Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɪ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

ty

1. (personal) you (second person singular)

   Kdybych byl tebou, udělal bych to samé. ― If I were you, I would do the same.

Declension

Declension of ty (sg-only animate pronoun)

	singular
	stressed	clitic
nominative	ty
genitive	tebe	tě
dative	tobě	ti
accusative	tebe	tě
vocative	—
locative	tobě
instrumental	tebou

Derived terms

• tykat

Related terms

Czech personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		já	my
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy
	polite	vy
3rd person	m	on	oni1
	f	ona	ony
	n	ono	ona
reflexive		sebe, se (clitic)

¹ animate referents only, for inanimate ones ony is used.

Pronoun

ty

1. inflection of ten:
   1. animate masculine accusative plural
   2. inanimate masculine nominative/accusative plural
   3. feminine nominative/accusative plural

Further reading

• “ty”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ty”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “ty”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þýða (“to make friends”), Proto-Germanic *þiudijaną, cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þiuþjan, “to bless”). It may originally be the same verb as *þiudijaną (“to interpret”), which is the source of Old Norse þýða (whence Danish tyde) and German deuten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtˢyˀ]

Verb

ty (imperative ty, present tyr or tyer, past tense tyede, past participle tyet)

1. to turn to, resort to

Eastern Katu

Adjective

ty

1. ancient

Derived terms

• ty đanh

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈc]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈceː]

Letter

ty (lower case, upper case Ty, all caps TY)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called tyé and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	ty	ty-k
accusative	ty-t	ty-ket
dative	ty-nek	ty-knek
instrumental	ty-vel	ty-kkel
causal-final	ty-ért	ty-kért
translative	ty-vé	ty-kké
terminative	ty-ig	ty-kig
essive-formal	ty-ként	ty-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	ty-ben	ty-kben
superessive	ty-n	ty-ken
adessive	ty-nél	ty-knél
illative	ty-be	ty-kbe
sublative	ty-re	ty-kre
allative	ty-hez	ty-khez
elative	ty-ből	ty-kből
delative	ty-ről	ty-kről
ablative	ty-től	ty-ktől
non-attributive possessive – singular	ty-é	ty-ké
non-attributive possessive – plural	ty-éi	ty-kéi

Possessive forms of ty

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	ty-m	ty-im
2nd person sing.	ty-d	ty-id
3rd person sing.	ty-je	ty-i
1st person plural	ty-nk	ty-ink
2nd person plural	ty-tek	ty-itek
3rd person plural	ty-jük	ty-ik

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames: ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ and others.

Further reading

• ty in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Judeo-Tat

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Iranian *tuHám

Middle Persian 𐭫𐭪 (lk)

Classical Persian تو (tō)

Judeo-Tat ty

Inherited from Classical Persian تو (tō), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭪 (lk), from Proto-Iranian *tuHám.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ty/

Pronoun

ty

1. you (informal, singular)

See also

Judeo-Tat personal pronouns

	singular	plural
1st person	mə	imu
2nd person	ty	işmu
3rd person	u	uho

References

• Нафталиев, М. Н. (2015), “ty”, in Е. М. Назарова, editor, Еврейско (джуури)-русский словарь [Juhuri–Russian Dictionary]‎^[4], Moscow: СТМЭГИ, page 502

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɨ]

Pronoun

ty sg

1. you (singular, informal)

Declension

Declension of the second-person pronouns

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ty	wej	wy
genitive	śi tebje¹	waju	was
dative	śi tebje¹	wama	wam
accusative	śi tebje¹	waju	was
instrumental	tobu	wama	wami
locative	tebje	wama	was
possessive determiner	twój	waju	waš

¹ Both śi and tebje are used when no preposition precedes, but after a preposition only tebje is used.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

ty

1. alternative form of teye (“chest, enclosure”)

Etymology 2

Determiner

ty

1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) alternative form of þi (“thy”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þýða.

Verb

ty (present tense tyr, past tense tydde, past participle tytt/tydd, passive infinitive tyast, present participle tyande, imperative ty)

1. to interpret

Etymology 2

From Old Norse týja.

Verb

ty (present tense tyr, past tense tydde, past participle tytt/tydd, passive infinitive tyast, present participle tyande, imperative ty)

1. to resort (to smth.)

   å ty til vald

   to resort to violence

Etymology 3

From Old Norse tygi (“tool”).

Noun

ty n (definite singular tyet, indefinite plural ty, definite plural tya or tyi)

1. (pre-2012) alternative form of tøy

Anagrams

• yt

Nǀuu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /c/, /kʲ/

Letter

ty (lower case, upper case Ty, all caps TY)

1. A letter of the Nǀuu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

• Shah, Sheena & Brenzinger, Matthias. (2017). Writing for Speaking: The Nǀuu Orthography. 10.1017/9781316562949.006.

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈtɨ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈti/

Pronoun

ty (second person)

1. (personal) second person singular; you

Declension

Old Czech personal pronouns

Singular	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			Reflexive
			m	f	n
Nominative	já(z)	ty	on	ona	ono	—
Genitive	mne, mě	tebe, tě	j(e)ho, ň(e)ho	jie, nie	j(e)ho, ň(e)ho	sebe, sě
Dative	mně, mi	tobě, ti	j(e)mu, ňemu	jí, ní, jiej, niej	j(e)mu, ňemu	sobě, si
Accusative	mě, mne	tě, tebe	jej, jen, ji, j(e)ho, -ň, ňej, ňen, ni, ň(e)ho	ju, ňu	je, ňe	sě, sebe
Locative	mně	tobě	ňem	ní, niej	ňem	sobě
Instrumental	mnú	tobú, tebú	jím, ním	jú, ňú	jím, ním	sobú, sebú
Possessive	mój	tvój	jeho	(je)jie	jeho	svój
Dual	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			Reflexive
			m	f	n
Nominative	vě, va (ma)	vy	ona	oně		—
Genitive	najú	vajú	jú, ňú			sebe, sě
Dative	náma	váma	jima, nima			sobě, si
Accusative	ny, najú	vy, vajú	jě, ně	ji, ni		sě, sebe
Locative	najú	vajú	ňú			sobě
Instrumental	náma	váma	jima, nima			sobú, sebú
Possessive	náš, najú	váš, vajú	(je)jú			svój
Plural	1st person	2nd person	3rd person			Reflexive
			m	f	n
Nominative	my	vy	oni	ony	ona	—
Genitive	nás	vás	jich, nich			sebe, sě
Dative	nám, nem	vám, vem	jim, nim			sobě, si
Accusative	ny, nás	vy, vás	jě, ně			sě, sebe
Locative	nás	vás	nich			sobě
Instrumental	námi	vámi	jimi, nimi			sobú, sebú
Possessive	náš	váš	(je)jich			svój

Descendants

• Czech: ty

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “ty”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *túh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ

Proto-Slavic *ty

Old Polish ty

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ty. First attested in the 13th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ti/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ti/

Pronoun

ty

1. singular non-formal second person pronoun thou, you

Declension

Declension of ty

	singular
nominative	ty
genitive	ciebie, cie
dative	tobie, cie, ci, ciebie
accusative	ciebie, cię, cie
instrumental	tobą
locative	tobie
vocative	ty

Descendants

• Polish: ty
• Silesian: ty

References

• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “ty”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of y.

Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Paraguayan Guarani ty (“urine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɨ/
• Rhymes: -ɨ

Noun

ty (possessable)

1. urine

Noun

ty

1. absolute of y
2. R2 of y

Adjective

ty

1. R2 of y

Further reading

• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “ty”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 485, column 1

Paraguayan Guarani

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɨ

Noun

ty

1. urine

References

• Canese, Natalia Krivoshein de; Alcaraz, Feliciano Acosta (2016), “ty”, in Ñe’ẽryru [Dictionary] (overall work in Spanish), Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, →ISBN, page 111, column 2

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *túh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ

Proto-Slavic *ty

Old Polish ty

Polish ty

Inherited from Old Polish ty.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɘ/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /tɨ/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɘ
• Syllabification: ty
• Homophone: -ty

Pronoun

ty

1. you (second person singular pronoun)

Usage notes

Ty is the T-form; it is used to address friends, family, children, teenagers, and often peers. The V-forms are pan m and pani f.

Declension

Declension of ty

	singular
nominative	ty
genitive	ciebie/cię
dative	tobie/ci
accusative	ciebie/cię
instrumental	tobą
locative	tobie
vocative	ty

See also

• Appendix:Polish pronouns

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ty is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 6 times in scientific texts, 0 times in news, 2 times in essays, 250 times in fiction, and 1034 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1292 times, making it the 31st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• “ty”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “ty”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[6] (in Polish)
• “TY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 4 September 2019
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “ty”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ty”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “ty”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 181

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *túh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ

Proto-Slavic *ty

Old Polish ty

Silesian ty

Inherited from Old Polish ty.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɪ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪ
• Syllabification: ty

Pronoun

ty

1. second-person singular pronoun; you

   Coordinate term: (plural) wy

   Tyś je mōndry. ― You are smart.

Declension

Declension of ty

	singular
nominative	ty
genitive	ciebie, cie, ciã
dative	ciebie, tobie, ci
accusative	ciebie, cie, ciã
instrumental	tobōm
locative	tobie, ciebie

Further reading

• ty in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak ty, from Proto-Slavic *ty.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/, [ˈti]
• Rhymes: -i

Pronoun

ty

1. you
2. thou

Declension

Declension of ty

	singulare tantum
nominative	ty
genitive	teba / ťa
dative	tebe / ti
accusative	teba / ťa
locative	tebe
instrumental	tebou

Related terms

Slovak personal pronouns

		substantive		possessive
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person		ja	my	môj	náš
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy	tvoj	váš
	polite	vy		váš
3rd person	m	on	oni* / ony	jeho	ich
	f	ona		jej
	n	ono		jeho
reflexive		seba, sa (clitic)		svoj

* masculine animate only, ony otherwise

Further reading

• “ty”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish þy, from Old Norse því, dative singular of Old Norse þat (“that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tyː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -yː

Conjunction

ty

1. (archaic, poetic, biblical) for (because)

   Synonyms: därför att, eftersom, emedan, för

   ty riket är ditt ― for the kingdom is yours

Usage notes

ty as well as för always introduces a main clause, while the other given synonyms all introduces secondary clauses. Compare:

• Hon gick inte och lade sig, ty/för hon var inte trött.
• Hon gick inte och lade sig, därför att/eftersom/emedan hon inte var trött.

Derived terms

• ity

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish thȳ til, thȳa, thȳdha (“find refuge at, entrust, rely on”), from Old Norse þýða (“to attach oneself to”), to Proto-Germanic *þiudijaną (“engage with”).

Verb

ty (present tyr, preterite tydde, supine tytt, imperative ty)

1. to cling to, to turn to [someone/something] for protection or comfort.

   När barn blir rädda tyr de sig oftast till sina föräldrar

   When children get scared, they usually turn to their parents for comfort.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ty (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	ty		—
supine	tytt		—
imperative	ty		—
imper. plural1	tyn		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	tyr	tydde	—	—
ind. plural1	ty	tydde	—	—
subjunctive2	ty	tydde	—	—
present participle		tyende
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• tidelag

References

• “ty”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “ty”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “ty”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Tapayuna

Etymology

From Proto-Northern Jê *ˀcy (“seed”) < Proto-Cerrado *cym (“seed”) < Proto-Jê *cym (“seed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ɨ/

Noun

ty

1. seed

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

ty

1. you, thou

Declension

Upper Sorbian personal pronouns

First person pronouns
	singular			dual		plural
nominative	ja			mój		my
genitive	mje (after preposition) mnje			naju		nas
dative	mi (after preposition) mni			namaj		nam
accusative	mje (after preposition) mnje			naju		nas
instrumental	mnu			namaj		nami
locative	mni					nas
Second person pronouns
	singular			dual		plural
nominative	ty			wój		wy
genitive	će (after preposition) tebje			waju		was
dative	ći (after preposition) tebi			wamaj		wam
accusative	će (after preposition) tebje			waju		was
instrumental	tobu			wamaj		wami
locative	tebi					was
Third person pronouns
	masculine singular	feminine singular	neuter singular	dual virile	dual nonvirile	plural virile	plural nonvirile
nominative	wón	wona	wono	wonaj	wonej	woni	wone
genitive	jeho (after preposition) njeho	jeje (after preposition) njeje	jeho (after preposition) njeho	jeju		jich (after preposition) nich
dative	jemu (after preposition) njemu	jej (after preposition) njej	jemu (after preposition) njemu	jimaj (after preposition) nimaj		jim (after preposition) nim
accusative	jón (after preposition) njón (animate) jeho (animate after preposition) njeho	ju (after preposition) nju	jo, je (after preposition) njo, nje	jeju (after preposition) njeju	jej (after preposition) njej	jich (after preposition) nich	je (after preposition) nje
instrumental	nim	njej	nim	nimaj		nimi
locative						nich

Xhosa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʲ/

Letter

ty (lower case, upper case Ty, all caps TY)

1. A digraph in Xhosa orthography.

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English tige, from Old English tyge, from Proto-West Germanic *tugi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tiː/

Noun

ty

1. drink
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

     Ty o' letch.

     A drink of small beer.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 73