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ch

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ch"
Languages (29)
Translingual • English
Blin • Central Mazahua • Chipewyan • Czech • Esperanto • French • Hadza • Hungarian • Irish • Isoko • Khiamniungan Naga • Khoekhoe • Latvian • Lower Sorbian • Mam • Navajo • Oromo • Osage • Slovak • Spanish • Tagalog • Tlingit • Uzbek • Vietnamese • Welsh • Xhosa • Yele
Page categories

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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From c +‎ h.

Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A digraph from c and h, considered an individual letter in some languages.

Etymology 2

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Initialism of English cosine, hyperbolic.

Symbol

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ch

  1. Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)

Etymology 3

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Clipping of English and Chamorro Chamorro.

Symbol

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ch

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chamorro.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ch (countable and uncountable, plural chs)

  1. Abbreviation of chain (“a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards”).
  2. (crochet) Abbreviation of chain (stitch)
  3. Abbreviation of channel, in reference to telephones, audio, radio, and television.
    5.1 ch surround sound
  4. Abbreviation of chapter (“main section of a book”).
    • 2007, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, page 143:
      Ch 2 secondarily interrupts the flow between chs 1 and 3 (see 2.1–16n.).
  5. Abbreviation of chestnut (“a dark reddish-brown colored horse”).
    • 2014, Kenneth Hinchcliff, Andris Kaneps, Raymond Geor, Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, page 675:
      NAME OF HORSE (COLOR, SEX, YEAR BORN)
      Secretariat (ch.s. 1970)

Verb

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ch

  1. (crochet) Abbreviation of chain.
    • 2011 August 23, Carmen Heffernan, “How to make colourful crocheted flowers”, in The Guardian‎[1], archived from the original on 24 December 2023:
      11 tr into 3rd ch from hook, join with sl st to top of beginning ch 3 (12 tr made) […] Ch 4, sl st to 1st sl st to close.

Etymology 2

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Apheretic form of ich or utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an apheretic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ch

  1. (obsolete, dialectal) Alternative form of I.

Anagrams

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Blin

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Blin alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Central Mazahua

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Chipewyan

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Czech

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. The fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by h and followed by i.

Usage notes

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In names or at the beginning of a sentence the form Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).

Esperanto

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script, a digraph used in the h-sistemo to represent ĉ.

See also

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French

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Alternative forms

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Adjective

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ch (invariable)

  1. abbreviation of chaque (“each, ea”).

Noun

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ch m (invariable)

  1. abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower, hp”).

Usage notes

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Used for all types of (metric) horsepower except tax horsepower, which uses the initialisms cv or CV.

Hadza

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Hadza alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Hungarian

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Image
 ch (digráf) on Hungarian Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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  • (on its own) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
  • (within words) IPA(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)

Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A digraph of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script; used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.

Usage notes

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It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/​​anarchikus/​anarchista/​anarchizmus, archaikus/​archaizál/​archaizmus, archeológia/​archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/​archivális/​archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/​barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/​eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/​​hierarchikus, hipochonder/​hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/​mazochizmus, mechanika/​​mechanikus/​​mechanisztikus/​mechanizál/​mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/​monarchikus/​monarchista, oligarcha/​oligarchia/​oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/​patriarchális/​patriarchátus, pech/​peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/​pszichiáter/​pszichiátria/​pszichikai/​pszichikum/​pszicho-/​​pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/​technikum/​technikus/​technokrácia/​technokrata/​​technológia/​technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.

Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.[1]

Surnames (a selection from notable people[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.

Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ch ch-k
accusative ch-t ch-kat
dative ch-nak ch-knak
instrumental ch-val ch-kkal
causal-final ch-ért ch-kért
translative ch-vá ch-kká
terminative ch-ig ch-kig
essive-formal ch-ként ch-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive ch-ban ch-kban
superessive ch-n ch-kon
adessive ch-nál ch-knál
illative ch-ba ch-kba
sublative ch-ra ch-kra
allative ch-hoz ch-khoz
elative ch-ból ch-kból
delative ch-ról ch-król
ablative ch-tól ch-któl
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		ch-é ch-ké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		ch-éi ch-kéi
Possessive forms of ch
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ch-m ch-im
2nd person sing. ch-d ch-id
3rd person sing. ch-ja ch-i
1st person plural ch-nk ch-ink
2nd person plural ch-tok ch-itok
3rd person plural ch-juk ch-ik

See also

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References

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  1. ^ A Nyelvtudományi Intézet által anyakönyvi bejegyzésre alkalmasnak minősített utónevek jegyzéke (’List of first names qualified by the Research Institute for Linguistics as appropriate for registration on a birth certificate’). Regularly updated. For searchable unformatted lists, see férfinevek for masculine names and női nevek for feminine names.
  2. ^ Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A digraph of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Isoko

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. The third letter of the Isoko alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

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  • E. O. Agbada et al, Vbuhrẹ Ụmụ́bọrá Isoko (Teach Yourself Isoko), first published 2008, revised edition 2017, pages 9, 10
  • Onyerioma Isaac Itegolor, Isoko Wha Dooo...! Book 2 (Operation Speak Your Language), Revised Standard Edition (2015), page 1

Khiamniungan Naga

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Etymology

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The Khiamniungan Naga language is presently written using the Latin alphabet. No indigenous or alternative script has been documented from earlier periods in the language's history. For a detailed description of the writing system's conventions including vowel and Consonant representation, tone marking (such as the use of h for glottal, the letter ü is pronounced ə), and orthographic rules, see the Wikipedia article on the Khiamniungan alphabet.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tʃʰə³³/
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. (Patsho) The second letter of the Khiamniungan Naga alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Pronunciation guide

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Uppercase IPA Canonical Pronunciation Phonetic examples in English Phonetic examples in Khiamniungan Naga
A a aa father āmpāu(pastor)
Ch tʃʰ tʃʰə chair, watch chām(book)
E ɛ a bed, elephant ēm(colony of Jhumland)
H h hə husband hǖhêi(hello)
I i ee beet îe(winnowing tray)
J tʃ tʃə picture, culture, nature jām(house)
K k kə sky, skip kēu(uncle)
Kh kʰ kʰə canoe, Cost, cat khèu(head)
L l lə alone lāi(spear)
M m mə money màu(ant)
N n nə nine, never nòk
Ng ŋ ŋə sing, throng ngēm(news)
Ny ɲ ɲə canyon, bunyan nyù(mother)
O ɔ ɔ orange ônyù(sky)
P P pə spill, span pòu(father)
Ph pʰ pʰə pound phōh(hand)
S ʃ ʃə sound sā(liver)
Sh ʃʰ ʃʰə shine shām(mat)
T t tə stop, stand tòuh(wild pig)
Th tʰ tʰə Thomas thoi(pumking)
Ts ts tsə cats, hats, pizza tsēm(salt)
Tsh Tsʰ Tsʰə tshep(kiss) tshō(traditional basket)
U ʊ, u ʊ, u look, hoop ûo(goat)
Ü ə ə banana chǖlám
V v və very vèu(chicken)
W w wə watt wā(flour)
Y j jə yellow yòh(pig)
Glottal(h) is used at the end of the word ʔ ʔ stop Mountain, button, cotton chāh(through)

Khoekhoe

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH, modern equivalent ǀh)

  1. (obsolete, Tindall orthography) A letter of the Khoekhoe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Latvian

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. (historical) A letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script; used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H).

Usage notes

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This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called cha and written in the Latin script; preceded by h and followed by i.

See also

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Mam

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Mam alphabet, written in the Latin script.
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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Oromo

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Pronunciation

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  • Syllables - cha, Count - 1

Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Osage

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH, Osage equivalent 𐓴)

  1. A letter of the Osage alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Slovak

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Further reading

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  • “ch”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Spanish

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Letter

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ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

  1. (historical) The fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called che and written in the Latin script; preceded by c and followed by d.

Usage notes

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  • Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.

Further reading

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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    Borrowed from Spanish ch.

    Pronunciation

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    • (Standard Tagalog)
      • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃe/ [ˈt͡ʃɛ] (letter name, chiefly upper class)
        • Rhymes: -e
      • IPA(key): /ˈt͡se/ [ˈt͡sɛ] (letter name)
        • Rhymes: -e
      • IPA(key): /ˈse/ [ˈsɛ] (letter name)
        • Rhymes: -e
      • IPA(key): /t͡ʃ/ [t͡ʃ] (phoneme, chiefly upper class)
      • IPA(key): /ts/ [t̪s] (phoneme)
      • IPA(key): /s/ [s] (phoneme)

    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH) (historical)

    1. the fourth letter of the Abecedario, called che and written in the Latin script

    Tlingit

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

    1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Uzbek

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

    1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.

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    Vietnamese

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    Pronunciation

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    • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [se˧˧ haːt̚˧˦], [t͡ɕəː˨˩], [t͡ɕəː˨˩ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]
    • (Huế) IPA(key): [sej˧˧ haːk̚˦˧˥], [t͡ɕəː˦˩], [t͡ɕəː˦˩ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]
    • (Saigon) IPA(key): [sej˧˧ haːk̚˦˥], [cəː˨˩], [cəː˨˩ ɲɛ˨˩˨]
    • Phonetic spelling: xê hát, chờ, chờ nhẹ

    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

    1. (historical) The sixth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called xê hát, chờ or chờ nhẹ and written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Welsh

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

    1. The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script; preceded by c and followed by d.

    Usage notes

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    Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.

    See also

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    Mutation

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    • ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.

    Further reading

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    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

    Xhosa

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

    1. A digraph of the Xhosa alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    Yele

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /t̪ʲ/ (pronounced [t͡ɕ])

    Letter

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    ch (lower case, upper case Ch, all caps CH)

    1. A letter of the Yele alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ch&oldid=92304534"