Changoite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Changoite
Formula:
Na2Zn(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Colorless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.50
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after the Changos people, the early former inhabitants of northern Chile.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6861
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6861:7
IMA Classification of Changoite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Na2Zn2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O
Approval year:
1997
First published:
1999
Classification of Changoite
7.CC.50
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cgo | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Changoite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Changoite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Density:
2.50 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.507 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Changoite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.507 nβ = 1.512 nγ = 1.517
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Comments:
Synthetic
Chemistry of Changoite
Mindat Formula:
Na2Zn(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Changoite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.5075 Å, b = 8.2127 Å, c = 11.0559 Å
β = 99.958(10)°
β = 99.958(10)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.671 : 1 : 1.346
Unit Cell V:
492.54 Ă
Âł
Z:
2
Comment:
synthetic
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009212 | Changoite | Giglio M (1958) Die kristallstruktur von Na2Zn(SO4)2*4H2O (Zn-blodit) Acta Crystallographica 11 789-794 |  | 1958 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.550 Ă | (58) |
| 4.245 Ă | (32) |
| 3.325 Ă | (25) |
| 3.289 Ă | (100) |
| 3.245 Ă | (25) |
| 3.262 Ă | (35) |
| 2.631 Ă | (27) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Type Occurrence of Changoite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Seams, up to 10 mm wide, of anhedral,
colorless crystals coated with thenardite
colorless crystals coated with thenardite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum of the University of Hamburg, Germany
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of Cu-Zn deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Changoite
Other Language Names for Changoite
Relationship of Changoite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Blödite Group:
| Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Cobaltoblödite | Na2Co(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Manganoblödite | Na2Mn(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Nickelblödite | Na2Ni(SO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 9 photos of Changoite associated with Kröhnkite | Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 5 photos of Changoite associated with Caracolite | Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl |
| 1 photo of Changoite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 1 photo of Changoite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Changoite associated with 'Chalcedony' | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Changoite associated with Pseudomeisserite-(NH4) | (NH4)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5] · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Changoite associated with Ferrinatrite | Na3Fe(SO4)3 · 3H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CC. | Cobaltoblödite | Na2Co(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC. | Andychristyite | PbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O) |
| 7.CC. | Ammoniovoltaite | (NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18 |
| 7.CC.05 | Krausite | KFe(SO4)2 · H2O |
| 7.CC.10 | Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.15 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O |
| 7.CC.15 | Kalinite | KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Alum-(Na) | NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Lonecreekite | (NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Alum-(K) | KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Lanmuchangite | Tl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Zincovoltaite | K2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Voltaite | K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Magnesiovoltaite | K2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Pertlikite | K2(Fe2+,Mg)2(Mg,Fe3+)4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite | (NH4)2Mg2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.30 | Kröhnkite | Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CC.35 | Ferrinatrite | Na3Fe(SO4)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.CC.40 | Goldichite | KFe(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.45 | Löweite | Na12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2O |
| 7.CC.50 | Nickelblödite | Na2Ni(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.50 | Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.55 | Leonite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.55 | Mereiterite | K2Fe(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Nickelpicromerite | K2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Nickelboussingaultite | (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Katerinopoulosite | (NH4)2Zn(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Cyanochroite | K2Cu(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Mohrite | (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Boussingaultite | (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.65 | Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CC.70 | Leightonite | K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CC.75 | Amarillite | NaFe(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.80 | Konyaite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 5H2O |
| 7.CC.85 | Wattevilleite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?) |
| 7.CC.85 | Xocolatlite | Ca2Mn4+2(Te6+O6)2 · H2O |
| 7.CC.90 | Eckhardite | (Ca,Pb)Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O) |
Fluorescence of Changoite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Water soluble
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Changoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6861.html
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References for Changoite
Localities for Changoite
Showing 9 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile (TL) | |
| SchlĂŒter et al. (1999) +2 other references |
| SEM-EDS by Joy DEsor |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter | |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
Namibia | |
| Dr. Ing. Thomas Krassmann specimen at Munich Show 2012 (Krassmann & Kolitsch, to be published) |
Peru | |
| Cosme R. PĂ©rez-Puig (2008) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
USA | |
| Olds et al. (2023) |
Vietnam | |
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La Compañia Mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile