bile

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bile"

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: bīl, IPA^(key): /baɪl/, /ˈbaɪ.əl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪl

Etymology 1

From Middle French bile, from Latin bīlis (“bile”).

Partially displaced native English gall (“bile”), from Middle English galle, from Old English galla, ġealla (“gall, bile”).

Noun

bile (usually uncountable, plural biles)

2. A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.

   Synonyms: bili-, chole-; gall (archaic)

4. Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.
6. Either of two of the four humours, black bile or yellow bile, in ancient and medieval physiology.

   Hyponyms: black bile, yellow bile

   • 1890, Walter Scott, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott‎^[1]:

     I shall tire of my Journal if it is to contain nothing but biles and plasters and unguents.

   • 1616, Alexander Roberts, A Treatise of Witchcraft‎^[2]:

     He spake out of the Pythonesse, Act. 16. 17. brought downe fire from heauen, and consumed Iobs sheepe 7000. and his seruants, raised a storme, strooke the house wherein his sonnes and daughters feasted with their elder brother, smote the foure corners of it, with the ruine whereof they all were destroyed, and perished: and ouerspread the body of that holy Saint their father with botches[t] and biles from the sole of his foot to the crowne of his head.

Derived terms

• atrabilious
• bile acid
• bile duct
• bileful
• bile pigment
• bile salt
• bile soap
• bilestone
• biliary
• biliary tract
• biligenesis
• bilious
• bilirubin
• biliuria
• black bile
• violet red bile agar
• yellow bile

Translations

secretion produced by the liver

• Aklanon: apdo'
• Albanian: vrer (sq) m
• Amharic: አሞት (ʾämot)
• Arabic: صَفْرَاء f (ṣafrāʔ)
• Argobba: መራሬ (märare)
• Armenian: լեղի (hy) (leġi), մաղձ (hy) (maġj)
• Aromanian: heari f
• Assamese: পিত (pit)
• Asturian: felén (ast) f, fiel (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: öd (az), səfra
• Bashkir: үт (üt)
• Basque: behazun (eu)
• Belarusian: жоўць f (žowcʹ)
• Bhojpuri: पित्त (pitt)
• Bulgarian: жлъчка f (žlǎčka), жлъч (bg) f (žlǎč)
• Burmese: သည်းခြေ (my) (sany:hkre)
• Catalan: bilis f, fel (ca) m or f
• Cebuano: apdo
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 膽汁 / 胆汁 (zh) (dǎnzhī)

• Chuvash: ват (vat)
• Crimean Tatar: öt
• Czech: žluč (cs) f
• Dalmatian: fial m
• Danish: galde (da) c
• Dutch: gal (nl) m or f
• Dzongkha: མཁྲིས་པ (mkhris pa)
• Esperanto: galo (eo)
• Estonian: sapp
• Faroese: gall n
• Finnish: sappi (fi)
• French: bile (fr) f, fiel (fr) m
• Friulian: fêl
• Galician: fel (gl) m, bile (gl) f
• Ge'ez: ሐሞት (ḥämot)
• Georgian: ნაღველი (naɣveli)
• German: Galle (de) f
• Greek: χολή (el) f (cholí)

  Ancient Greek: χολή f (kholḗ)

• Hebrew: מרה (he) f (mara)
• Hindi: पित्त (hi) m (pitt)
• Hungarian: epe (hu)
• Icelandic: gall (is) n
• Indonesian: empedu (id)
• Irish: domlas m
• Italian: fiele (it) m
• Japanese: 胆汁 (ja) (たんじゅう, tanjū)
• Javanese: peru (jv)
• Kapampangan: atdu
• Kazakh: өт (öt)
• Korean: 쓸개즙 (sseulgaejeup)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: zerav (ku) f

• Kyrgyz: өт (ky) (öt)
• Latin: bīlis f, fel n
• Latvian: žults m
• Lithuanian: tulži̇̀s
• Macedonian: жолчка f (žolčka)
• Malay: hempedu (ms)
• Malayalam: പിത്തം (ml) (pittaṁ)
• Manobo:

  Western Bukidnon Manobo: epezu

• Mansaka: apdo
• Māori: waiate
• Mingrelian: ნაღმელი (naɣmeli)
• Mongolian: цөс (mn) (cös)
• Nanai: силтэ (silte)
• Navajo: łitsoii, atłʼizh
• Neapolitan: fèle m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: galle m

  Nynorsk: galle m

• Occitan: fèl (oc)
• Old Church Slavonic: зльчь f (zlĭčĭ)
• Old English: ġealla m
• Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰓 (üd² /⁠öd⁠/)
• Olukumi: rírorò
• Ossetian: маст (mast)
• Persian: زرداب (fa) (zardâb), زهره (fa) (zahre), صفرا (fa) (safrâ), گش زرد (goš-e zard)
• Plautdietsch: Gaul f
• Polish: żółć (pl) f
• Portuguese: fel (pt) f, bile (pt) f, bílis (pt) f
• Romanian: bilă (ro) f, fiere (ro) f
• Russian: желчь (ru) f (želčʹ), жёлчь (ru) f (žolčʹ)
• Sanskrit: अग्नि (sa) m (agni), पित्त (sa) m (pitta)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: жуч f

  Latin: žuč (sh) f

• Shan: ၼမ်ႉလီ (nâ̰m lǐi)
• Sicilian: feli
• Slovak: žlč (sk) f
• Slovene: žolč (sl) m
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: žołc m

  Upper Sorbian: žołč m

• Spanish: bilis (es) f, hiel (es) f
• Svan: ნანღველ (nanɣvel)
• Swahili: nyongo (sw)
• Swedish: galla (sv) c
• Tagalog: apdo
• Tamil: பித்தநீர் (ta) (pittanīr), பிச்சு (ta) (piccu)
• Tatar: үт (tt) (üt)
• Tausug: apdu
• Telugu: పైత్యరసము (paityarasamu)
• Tetum: horun
• Thai: น้ำดี (th) (náam-dii)
• Tocharian B: pit
• Turkish: öd (tr), safra (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: اود (öd), صفرا (safra)

• Ukrainian: жовч f (žovč)
• Urdu: پت m
• Uzbek: oʻt (uz)
• Venetan: fiel
• Vietnamese: mật (vi)
• Volapük: bil (vo)
• Welsh: bustl (cy) m
• Yiddish: גאַל f (gal)
• Yoruba: òróòro, àdilé, jẹ̀dí-jẹ̀dí

bitterness of temper; ill humour

• Armenian: մաղձ (hy) (maġj)
• Bulgarian: раздразнителност (bg) (razdraznitelnost)
• Catalan: fel (ca) m or f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Danish: galde (da) c
• Finnish: sapekkuus (fi)
• French: bile (fr) f
• Galician: fel (gl) m
• Greek: χολή (el) f (cholí)
• Japanese: please add this translation if you can
• Persian: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: żółć (pl) f
• Romanian: fiere (ro) f, irascibilitate (ro) f
• Russian: желчь (ru) f (želčʹ)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: žołc m

  Upper Sorbian: žołč m

• Swedish: ilska (sv) c, gallfeber c
• Turkish:

  Ottoman Turkish: صفرا (safra)

Etymology 2

Obsolete form of boil. Akin to Dutch buil and German Beule, all from Proto-Germanic *būlǭ.

Noun

bile (plural biles)

1. (obsolete) A boil (kind of swelling).

Verb

bile (third-person singular simple present biles, present participle biling or bileing, simple past and past participle biled)

1. Pronunciation spelling of boil.
   • 1912, Stella George Stern Perry, Melindy, page 130:

     We pretty near biled ourselves and Miss Euly done got her bes' pink apron stained, an' I dropped Sis Suky's big kitchen spoon in de hogshead of sand […]

Anagrams

• -ible, Biel, beli, Lieb

Albanian

Etymology 1

Either related to bolle pl (“testicles”), or a singularized plural of *bilë, from Proto-Albanian *beila, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to strike, beat”), in which case close to Proto-Germanic *bilją (“spike, peg, nail, axe, sword, blade”). Compare English bill, German Bille (“axe”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbilɛ/

Noun

bile f (plural bile, definite bilja, definite plural bilet)

1. (childish) weenie (penis)

Declension

Declension of bile

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bile	bilja	bile	bilet
accusative		bilen
dative	bileje	biles	bileve	bileve
ablative			bilesh

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈlɛ/

Particle

bile

1. (colloquial) Reinforces what has already been said; even, in fact, furthermore

   Synonym: madje

   bile bile ― as a matter of fact

References

• “bile”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

French

Etymology

From Latin bilis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bil/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Noun

bile f (uncountable)

1. bile

Derived terms

• bile jaune
• bile noire
• bileux
• se faire de la bile

Further reading

• “bile”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲɪlʲə/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bile, from Proto-Celtic *belyom (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”).

Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)

1. tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one
2. scion; distinguished person

Derived terms

• bile buí (“corn marigold”)
• bile measa (“arbitrator”)
• biliúil (“tree-like, stately”, adjective)

Etymology 2

See béal (“lip”)

Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)

1. rim (of vessel)

Declension

Declension of bile (fourth declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative bile bilí vocative a bhile a bhilí genitive bile bilí dative bile bilí forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an bile na bilí genitive an bhile na mbilí dative leis an mbile don bhile leis na bilí

Mutation

Mutated forms of bile

radical	lenition	eclipsis
bile	bhile	mbile

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bile”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Istriot

Etymology

Inherited from Latin bīlis.

Noun

bile m

1. bile, anger

References

• Antonio Pellizzer; Giovanni Pellizzer (1992), Vocabulario del dialetto di Rovigno d'Istria, page 110
• Cergna, Sandro (2015), Vocabolario del dialetto di Valle d'Istria‎^[3], →ISBN, →OCLC

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bīlis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbi.le/
• Rhymes: -ile
• Hyphenation: bì‧le

Noun

bile f (plural bili)

1. (physiology) bile
2. anger

Derived terms

• biliare
• bilioso
• bilirubina
• biliverdina

See also

• fiele

Anagrams

• beli

Latin

Noun

bīle

1. ablative singular of bīlis

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²biːl.ə/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).

Noun

bile f or m (definite singular bila or bilen, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)

1. An axe, especially a broadaxe

Etymology 2

From bil.

Verb

bile (present tense biler, past tense bilte, past participle bilt)

1. To ride a car

References

“bile” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²biːl.ə/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).

Noun

bile f (definite singular bila, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)

1. An axe, especially a broadaxe

Etymology 2

From bil.

Verb

bile (present tense bilar or biler, past tense bila or bilte, past participle bila or bilt)

1. To ride a car

References

“bile” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bili-, related to *bilją (“axe, blade, cutting weapon”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbi.le/

Noun

bile m

1. bill of a bird

   Synonym: nebb

2. trunk of an elephant

   Synonym: nypel

Related terms

• ġebilod

Descendants

• English: bill

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰolyo- (“leaf”). Cognate with Latin folium, Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), and Old Armenian բողբոջ (bołboǰ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲi.lʲe/

Noun

bile m (genitive bili, nominative plural bili)

1. tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one

Declension

Masculine io-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	bile	bileL	biliL
vocative	bili	bileL	biliu
accusative	bileN	bileL	biliuH
genitive	biliL	bileL	bileN
dative	biliuL	bilib	bilib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• bilech, biledach

Descendants

• Irish: bile
• Manx: billey

Mutation

Mutation of bile

radical	lenition	nasalization
bile	bile pronounced with /βʲ-/	mbile

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bilis.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.li/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.li/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.le/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.lɨ/

• Rhymes: -ili, -ilɨ
• Hyphenation: bi‧le

Noun

bile f (uncountable)

1. gall; bile

   Synonyms: fel, bílis

Further reading

• “bile”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “bile”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbile]

Noun

bile f

1. inflection of bilă:
   1. indefinite plural
   2. indefinite genitive/dative singular

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bél (“lip”). Related to beul.

Noun

bile f (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)

1. lip (of mouth)
2. rim (of container)
3. brim (of hat)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bill.

Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)

1. bill (for law)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile) (Turkish bile).

Alternative forms

• bilèsi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bǐle/
• Hyphenation: bi‧le

Adverb

bìle (Cyrillic spelling бѝле)

1. (regional) moreover, even

   Bile je i on došao čak i on. ― Even he came.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Participle

bile (Cyrillic spelling биле)

1. feminine plural active past participle of biti

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈle/
• Hyphenation: bi‧le

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile), from Old Anatolian Turkish بیله (bilä), from Proto-Turkic *bile (“with, together, also”). Compare Azerbaijani belə, Gagauz bilä. Doublet of ile.

Alternative forms

• bilem (Eastern Thrace, Erzurum)

Adverb

bile

1. (dialectal or archaic, Ordu, Trabzon, Eastern Thrace, Rize, Adana, Osmaniye) together, with

   Synonym: beraber

   eve bile mi gittiniz? ― did you go home together?

Conjunction

bile

1. even

   Synonym: dahi

   çocuk bile bunu anlayabilir ― even a child can understand this

Postposition

bile

1. (archaic) alternative form of ile

   yarın olsun, hayır bile gelsin ― let it be tomorrow, let it come with prosperity

Etymology 2

Noun

bile (definite accusative bileyi, plural bileler)

1. (Balıkesir, Denizli, Kütahya, Erzincan, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş, Edirne) alternative form of bileği

Declension

Declension of bile

	singular	plural
nominative	bile	bileler
definite accusative	bileyi	bileleri
dative	bileye	bilelere
locative	bilede	bilelerde
ablative	bileden	bilelerden
genitive	bilenin	bilelerin

Further reading

• “bile”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• “bile”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “bile”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

West Frisian

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Dutch bile or Middle Low German bîle, bîl (“axe”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bilją.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbilə/

Noun

bile c (plural bilen, diminutive byltsje)

1. axe

Further reading

• “bile”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English boillen, from Old French boillir. This is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biːl/

Verb

bile (simple past bilethe)

1. to boil

Derived terms

• biletha (“boiled”)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26