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Sanidine

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Sanidine (402)Recorded Ages and Analyses Discuss Sanidine

Sanidine Gallery Search Photos of Sanidine

Edit Sanidine Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Sanidine

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Sanidine

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Sanidine

Roc de Courlande, Chastreix, Issoire, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

Sanidine

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Sanidine

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Sanidine

Roc de Courlande, Chastreix, Issoire, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France

Sanidine

Tre Croci, Vetralla, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy

Sanidine

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

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About SanidineHide

Formula:

K(AlSi₃O₈)

Colour:

Colourless, white, grey, yellowish white, or reddish white

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

2.56 - 2.62

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

K Feldspar Group > Alkali Feldspar Group > Feldspar Group

Name:

From the Greek "sanis" for "little plate" and "idos" for "to see."

Type Locality:

ⓘ Drachenfels, Königswinter, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Polymorph of:

Kokchetavite, Microcline, Orthoclase

Feldspar Group.

The high-temperature, fully disordered (in its Al and Si distribution), form of K-feldspar; other potassium-dominant feldspars are microcline (fully ordered) and orthoclase (partly ordered). It is metastable at room temperature, and can revert to orthoclase over long geological periods.

It forms an (alkali feldspar) series at high temperature with high albite. Petrologically, intermediates in this series from 10% up to 36% K-feldspar were termed anorthoclase, and anything from 36 - 100% K-feldspar was termed sanidine, even where Na>K. With current classifications, the name anorthoclase is discontinued and the intermediates should be called either albite (if Na>K) or sanidine (if K>Na).

It is common in many potassic volcanic rocks, some high level intrusive rocks and other high-temperature rocks like buchites.

The Fe analogue, UM1993-23-SiO:AlFeK, is now IMA-approved as ferrisanidine.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Sanidine.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3521

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3521:3

IMA Classification of SanidineHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of SanidineHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.FA.30

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H₂O
A : Tektosilicates without additional non-tetrahedral anions

Dana 8th ed.:

76.1.1.2

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
1 : Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.3.7

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
3 : Aluminosilicates of K

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Sa	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Sa	Kretz (1983)	Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Sa	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Sa	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Sa	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
Sa	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of SanidineHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Colourless, white, grey, yellowish white, or reddish white

Streak:

White

Hardness:

6 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
{001} Perfect, {010} distinct

Parting:

{100}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal

Density:

2.56 - 2.62 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.56 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SanidineHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.518 - 1.525 n_β = 1.523 - 1.53 n_γ = 1.525 - 1.531

2V:

Measured: 60° , Calculated: 48° to 64°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.006 - 0.007
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Thickness: 30 µm

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

r < v distinct

Optical Extinction:

Y = b; Z ∧ c ≃ -20° (low); Z = b; Y ∧ c ≃ -21° (high).

Chemistry of SanidineHide

Mindat Formula:

K(AlSi₃O₈)

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	45.987 %
Si	30.272 %
K	14.047 %
Al	9.694 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, K, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Ca,Na,H₂O

View all 102 analyses with additional filters.

Age distributionHide

Recorded ages:

Phanerozoic : 112 ± 2 Ma to 0.00129 ± 0.00056 Ma - based on 102 recorded ages.

Sample ages:

Sample ID	Recorded age	Geologic Time	Dating method
1	0.00129 ± 0.00056 Ma	Holocene	Ar/Ar
2	7.3 ± 0.2 Ma	Miocene	K-Ar
3	16.1 ± 0.5 Ma	Miocene	K-Ar
4	22.9 ± 0.7 to 22.5 ± 0.5 Ma	Miocene	Ar-Ar
5	28.8 ± 0.1 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
6	29.08 ± 0.05 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
7	29.23 ± 0.05 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
8	30.17 ± 0.22 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
9	31.05 ± 0.15 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
10	31.55 ± 0.07 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
11	31.73 ± 0.22 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
12	31.82 ± 0.12 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
13	32.19 ± 0.21 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
14	32.50 ± 0.09 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
15	32.7 ± 0.1 Ma	Oligocene	40Ar/39Ar
16	34.26 ± 0.09 Ma	Eocene	40Ar/39Ar
17	35.5 ± 1 Ma	Eocene	K-Ar
18	46.5 ± 0.1 Ma	Eocene	40Ar/39Ar
19	61.12 ± 0.15 Ma	Paleocene	40Ar/39Ar
20	112 ± 2 Ma	Early/Lower Cretaceous	K-Ar

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference
1	Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Germany	van den Bogaard, Paul (1995) 40Ar/39Ar ages of sanidine phenocrysts from Laacher See Tephra (12,900 yr BP): Chronostratigraphic and petrological significance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 133 (1) 163-174 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00066-l
2	Cancarix lamproite intrusion, Hellín, Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain	Nobel, F.A., Riessen, P.A.M., Hebeda, E.H., Priem, H.N.A. & Rondeel, H.E. 1981. Isotopic dating of the post-Alpine. Neogene volcanism in the Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 60, 209-214.
3	Tonopah Mining District, San Antonio Mountains, Nye County, Nevada, USA	Silberman, M. L., Bonham, H. F. Jr., Garside, L. J., Ashley, R. P. (1978) Radiometric ages of volcanic and plutonic rocks and hydrothermal alteration-mineralization in the Tonopah Mining District and vicinity, Nye and Esmerelda Counties, Nevada. United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-841. 1-48.
4	Wenbu, Nyima Co., Nagqu, Tibet, China	Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
5	Gold Star pit, Altman, Cripple Creek Mining District, Teller County, Colorado, USA	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
6	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
7	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
8	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
9	Cripple Creek, Cripple Creek Mining District, Teller County, Colorado, USA	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
10	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
11	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
12	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
13	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
14	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
15	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
16	Huitzuco, Huitzuco de los Figueroa Municipality, Guerrero, Mexico	Mor
17	" "	Mor
18	Cripple Creek, Cripple Creek Mining District, Teller County, Colorado, USA	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
19	" "	Kelley, Karen D., Romberger, Samuel B., Beaty, David W., Pontius, Jeffrey A., Snee, Lawrence W., Stein, Holly J., Thompson, Tommy B. (1998) Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the genesis of Au-Te deposits at Cripple Creek, Colorado. Economic Geology, 93 (7) 981-1012 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.7.981
20	Wolf Rock, Cornwall, England, UK	Harrison, R. K., Snelling, N. J., Merriman, R. J., Morgan, G. E., Goode, A. J. J. (1977) The Wolf Rock, Cornwall: new chemical, isotopic age and palaeomagnetic data. Geological Magazine, 114 (4) 249-264 doi:10.1017/s0016756800045052

Crystallography of SanidineHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

B2/m

Setting:

C2/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.603(2) Å, b = 13.036(4) Å, c = 7.174(2) Å
β = 116.03(2)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.66 : 1 : 0.55

Unit Cell V:

722.94 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Tabular with square cross section

Twinning:

Carlsbad - common
Baveno, Manebach - rarer

Comment:

High sanidine (forms a series with high albite).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0020564	Sanidine	Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1974) Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 73 539-544	1974	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	298
0020555	Sanidine	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Synthetic	293
0020554	Sanidine	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Synthetic	293
0020508	Sanidine	Angel R J, Ross N L, Zhao J, Sochalski-Kolbus L, Kruger H, Schmidt B C (2013) Structural controls on the anisotropy of tetrahedral frameworks: the example of monoclinic feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 25 597-614	2013	Unknown	293
0007255	Sanidine	Menna M, Tribaudino M, Renzulli A (2008) Al-Si order and spinodal decomposition texture of sanidine from igneous clasts of Stromboli (southern Italy): insights into the timing between the emplacement of a shallow basic sheet intrusion and the eruption of related ejecta European Journal of Mineralogy 20 183-190	2008	Stromboli volcano, southern Italy	293
0020559	Sanidine	Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354	2004	Itrongay, Madagascar	293
0020558	Sanidine	Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354	2004	Itrongay, Madagascar	293
0020557	Sanidine	Ackermann S, Kunz M, Armbruster T, Schefer J, Hanni H (2004) Cation distribution in a Fe-bearing K-feldspar from Itrongay, Madagascar: A combined neutron- and X-ray single-crystal diffraction study Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 84 345-354	2004	Itrongay, Madagascar	293
0012862	Sanidine	Gualtieri A F (2000) Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR method Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 267-278	2000	Latera, Viterbo, Italy	293
0020561	Sanidine	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213	1996	Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany	293
0020569	Sanidine	Marsii I M, Organova N I, Rozhdestvenskaya I V (1993) Verification of the crystalline structure for sanidines Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 2 85-89	1993	Mongolia	293
0020568	Sanidine	Marcille I M, Organova N I, Rozhdestvenskaya I V (1993) Verification of the crystalline structure for sanidines Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 2 85-89	1993	Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia	293
0005273	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	293
0005272	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	293
0005271	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	293
0005270	Sanidine	Ferguson R B, Ball N A, Cerny P (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba The Canadian Mineralogist 29 543-552	1991	Buck Claim Pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada	293
0020567	Sanidine	Deubener J, Sternitzke M, Mueller G (1991) Feldspars MAlSi3O8 (M=H,Li,Ag) synthesized by low-temperature ion exchange American Mineralogist 76 1620-1627	1991	Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany	293
0020572	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	293
0020571	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	293
0020570	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	293
0000781	Sanidine	Viswanathan K, Brandt K (1980) The crystal structure of ternary (Ba,K,Na)-feldspar and its significance American Mineralogist 65 472-476	1980	Otjosondu, Namibia	293
0020556	Sanidine	Brown G E, Hamilton W C, Prewitt C T, Sueno S (1974) Neutron diffraction study of Al/Si ordering in sanidine: a comparison with X-ray diffraction data The Feldspars: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute 68-80	1974	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	293
0000312	Sanidine	Phillips M W, Ribbe P H (1973) The structures of monoclinic potassium-rich feldspars American Mineralogist 58 263-270	1973	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	293
0010741	Sanidine	Weitz G (1972) Die struktur des saninins bei verschiedenen ordnungsgraden Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 418-426	1972	Volkesfeld, Eifel	293
0010740	Sanidine	Weitz G (1972) Die struktur des saninins bei verschiedenen ordnungsgraden Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 418-426	1972	Volkesfeld, Eifel	293
0020562	Sanidine	Onorato E, Penta M, Sgarlata F (1963) Struttura del Sanidino Periodico di Mineralogia 32 1-34	1963	Alban Hills, Rome Province, Latium, Italy	293
0020563	Sanidine	Ribbe P H (1963) A refinement of the crystal structure of sanidinised orthoclase Acta Crystallographica 16 426-427	1963	Unknown	293
0020560	Sanidine	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M, Iida I, Matsui T (1996) Low-temperature structures of orthoclase and sanidine Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 171 199-213	1996	Volkesfeld, Eifel, Germany	121
0020565	Sanidine	Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1974) Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 73 539-544	1974	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	673
0020573	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	923
0020574	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1023
0020566	Sanidine	Ohashi Y, Finger LW (1975) An effect of temperature on the feldspar structure: crystal structure of sanidine at 800C Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 74 569-572	1975	Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany	1073
0020576	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1123
0020575	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1123
0020579	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1223
0020578	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1223
0020581	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1323
0020580	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1323
0020577	Sanidine	Gering E (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen Dissertation Kernforshungszentrum Karlsruhe 1 1-97	1985	Madagascar	1323
0006611	Sanidine	Kimata M, Shimizu M, Saito S (1996) High-temperature crystal structure of sanidine Part II. The crystal structure of sanidine at 935 C European Journal of Mineralogy 8 15-24	1996		293
0006610	Sanidine	Kimata M, Shimizu M, Saito S (1996) High-temperature crystal structure of sanidine Part II. The crystal structure of sanidine at 935 C European Journal of Mineralogy 8 15-24	1996		293
0006587	Sanidine	Kimata M, Saito S, Shimizu M (1995) Structure of sanidine-type KGaSi3O8: Tetrahedral-site disordering in potassium feldspar European Journal of Mineralogy 7 287-293	1995		293
0006421	Sanidine	Kroll H, Flogel J, Breit U, Lons J, Pentinghaus H (1991) Order and anti-order in Ge-substituted alkali feldspars European Journal of Mineralogy 3 739-749	1991		293
0001125	Sanidine	Scambos T A, Smyth J R, McCormick T C (1987) Crystal-structure refinement of high sanidine from the upper mantle American Mineralogist 72 973-978	1987		293
0000695	Sanidine	Keefer K D, Brown G E (1978) Crystal structure and composition of sanidine and high albite in cryptoperthitic intergrowth Note this sample of feldspar is from the Rabb Canyon pegmatite, Grant County, New Mexico, USA American Mineralogist 63 1264-1273	1978		293
0018062	Sanidine	Taylor W (1934) The structure of sanidine and other felspars _cod_database_code 1011187 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 87 464-481	1934		293
0018087	Sanidine	Taylor W (1933) The structure of sanidine and other feldspars 2.56 _cod_database_code 1011224 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 85 425-442	1933		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Sanidine'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Ohashi Y'
'Finger LW'
_journal_name_full 'Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook'
_journal_volume 73 
_journal_year 1974
_journal_page_first 539
_journal_page_last 544
_publ_section_title
;
 Refinement of the crystal structure of sanidine at 25 and 400C
 Note: T = 25 C
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020564
_chemical_compound_source 'Laacher See, Eifel District, Germany'
_chemical_formula_sum '(K.86 Na.14) (Si3 Al) O8'
_cell_length_a 8.543
_cell_length_b 13.021
_cell_length_c 7.183
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 115.980
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 718.281
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.553
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
K   0.28400   0.00000   0.13710   0.86000   0.02723
Na   0.28400   0.00000   0.13710   0.14000   0.02723
SiT1   0.00930   0.18440   0.22380   0.68000   0.01051
AlT1   0.00930   0.18440   0.22380   0.32000   0.01051
SiT2   0.70760   0.11770   0.34430   0.82000   0.01051
AlT2   0.70760   0.11770   0.34430   0.18000   0.01051
Oa1   0.00000   0.14610   0.00000   1.00000   0.02014
Oa2   0.63400   0.00000   0.28550   1.00000   0.02014
Ob   0.82770   0.14540   0.22780   1.00000   0.02305
Oc   0.03880   0.30980   0.25770   1.00000   0.01824
Od   0.18120   0.12640   0.40520   1.00000   0.01887

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.326 Å	(100)
3.284 Å	(60)
3.788 Å	(57)
4.235 Å	(53)
3.225 Å	(52)
2.584 Å	(35)
3.458 Å	(31)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
5 : Primary asteroid phases	4.566–4.560
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
8 : Mafic igneous rocks
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies)
10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust	>4.4-3.0
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks
Near-surface Processes
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
39 : High-? metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh ? facies)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)

Geological Setting:

Acidic volcanic rocks

Type Occurrence of SanidineHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Drachenfels, Königswinter, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Synonyms of SanidineHide

Other Language Names for SanidineHide

Dutch:Sanidien

Finnish:Sanidiini

German:Sanidin
Glasiger Feldspath
Gränzerit
Rhyacolit
Riacolit
Rhyakolith (in part)
Ryakolith (in part)

Hebrew:סנידין

Italian:Sanidino

Japanese:サニディン

Portuguese:Sanidina

Russian:Санидин

Simplified Chinese:透长石

Spanish:Gränzerita
Rhyacolita
Riacolita

Traditional Chinese:透長石

Varieties of SanidineHide

Azulicite	A transparent blue iridescent variety of Sanidine.
Barium-Sanidine	A barian Sanidine variety with 5% BaO. Originally described from Comb Butte, Highwood Mts, Chouteau Co., Montana, USA.
Citron Feldspar	A trade name for yellow gem-quality sanidine feldspar as found in Madagascar.
High sanidine	The high-temperature form of sanidine, believed to be stable above 800°C.
Low sanidine	The low temperature form of sanidine, believed to be stable between 650°C and 800°C. Above this temperature high sanidine is formed, and below this orthoclase and microcline.

Relationship of Sanidine to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

K Feldspar Group > Alkali Feldspar Group > Feldspar Group

Other Members of K Feldspar:

Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Tric. 1
Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

147 photos of Sanidine associated with Pseudobrookite	Fe₂TiO₅
89 photos of Sanidine associated with Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
89 photos of Sanidine associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
59 photos of Sanidine associated with Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
52 photos of Sanidine associated with Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
51 photos of Sanidine associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
51 photos of Sanidine associated with Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
46 photos of Sanidine associated with Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
46 photos of Sanidine associated with Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
44 photos of Sanidine associated with Quartz	SiO₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.FA.	Bonaccorsiite	KK₂Na₃(Al₆Si₃₆)O₈₄	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc
9.FA.	Hexacelsian	BaAl₂Si₂O₈	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mcm
9.FA.	Wodegongjieite	KCa₃(Al₇Si₉)O₃₂	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc
9.FA.05	Panunzite	(K,Na)AlSiO₄	Hex. 6 : P6₃
9.FA.05	Yoshiokaite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O₄]	Trig. 3 : P3
9.FA.05	Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)	Hex. 6 : P6₃
9.FA.05	Trinepheline	NaAlSiO₄	Hex. 6 : P6₁
9.FA.05	Davidsmithite	(Ca,◻)₂Na₆Al₈Si₈O₃₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
9.FA.05	Kaliophilite	KAlSiO₄	Trig. 3 : P3
9.FA.05	Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄	Hex. 6 2 2 : P6₃ 2 2
9.FA.05	'Carnegieite'	NaAlSiO₄	Tric.
9.FA.05	Megakalsilite	KAlSiO₄	Hex. 6 : P6₃
9.FA.05	Trikalsilite	K₂NaAl₃(SiO₄)₃	Hex. 6 : P6₃
9.FA.10	Malinkoite	NaBSiO₄	Hex. 6 : P6₃
9.FA.15	Virgilite	LiAlSi₂O₆	Hex. 6 2 2 : P6₂ 2 2
9.FA.25	Lisitsynite	KBSi₂O₆	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2 2 2
9.FA.30	Ferrisanidine	K[Fe³⁺Si₃O₈]	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30	Buddingtonite	(NH₄)(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.FA.30	Rubicline	Rb(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30	'Monalbite'	NaAlSi₃O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30	Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Tric. 1
9.FA.30 va	'Germanate-celsian'	BaAl₂Ge₂O₈
9.FA.30	Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon. 2/m
9.FA.30	Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.35	Reedmergnerite	NaBSi₃O₈	Tric. 1 : P1
9.FA.35	Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Tric. 1
9.FA.35	Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.FA.40	Paracelsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.FA.45	Svyatoslavite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.FA.45	Kumdykolite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.FA.50	Slawsonite	Sr(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.FA.55	Lisetite	CaNa₂Al₄Si₄O₁₆	Orth. mm2
9.FA.60	Stronalsite	Na₂SrAl₄Si₄O₁₆	Orth.
9.FA.60	Banalsite	Na₂BaAl₄Si₄O₁₆	Orth. mm2 : Iba2
9.FA.65	Maleevite	BaB₂Si₂O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.FA.65	Pekovite	SrB₂Si₂O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.FA.65	Danburite	CaB₂Si₂O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.FA.70	Liebermannite	KAlSi₃O₈	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.FA.70	Lingunite	NaAlSi₃O₈	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.FA.70	Stöfflerite	CaAl₂Si₂O₈	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.FA.75	Pfaffenbergite	KNa₃(Al₄Si₁₂)O₃₂	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc
9.FA.75	Kokchetavite	K(AlSi₃O₈)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	14.0474%	4,355	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Sanidine in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Igneous rock
- Normal crystalline igneous rock
  - Coarse-grained ("plutonic") crystalline igneous rock
  - Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock
- Exotic crystalline igneous rock
  - Lamproite
    - Diopside-sanidine-phlogopite lamproite
    - Enstatite-sanidine-phlogopite lamproite
  - Igneous rock of restricted mineralogy
    - Sanidinite (of Nose)

Internet Links for SanidineHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3521.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Sanidine on Webmineral

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Look for Sanidine on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SanidineHide

Reference List:

Klaproth, M. H. (1810) CLXXI. Untersuchung des Glasigen Feldspaths , vom Drachenfels. In Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 5. Rottmann. p.12-18.

Onorato E., Penta M., Sgarlata F. (1963) Struttura del sanidino. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma, 1-34.

Wright, Thomas L., Stewart, David B. (1968) X-ray and optical study of alkali feldspar: I. Determination of composition and structural state from refined unit-cell parameters and 2V. American Mineralogist, 53 (1-2) 38-87

Wright, Thomas L. (1968) X-ray and optical study of alkali feldspar: II. An X-ray method for determining the composition and structural state from measurement of 2θ values for three reflections. American Mineralogist, 53 (1-2) 88-104

Scott, Robert B., Bachinski, Sharon W., Nesbitt, Robert W., Scott, and Martha R. (1971) Rate of Al-Si ordering in sanidines from an ignimbrite cooling unit. American Mineralogist, 56 (5-6) 1208-1221

Bertelmann, D., Förtsch, E., and Wondratscher, H. (1985) Zum Temperverhalten von Sanidin: die Ausnahmerolle der Eifelsanidin-Megakristalle. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 152: 123-141.

Gering, E. (1985) Silizium/Aluminium-Ordnung und Kristallperfektion von Sanidinen. Dissertation, University of karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Bertelmann, D., Walther, J., Wondratscher, H. (1987) Annealing-induced inclusions and transformation behaviour of Eifel sanidines. Terra Cognita, 7. 257-258

Bernotat-Wulf, H., Bertelmann, D., and Wondratscher, H. (1988) The annealing behaviour of Eifel sanidine (Volkesfeld). III. The influence of the sample surface and sample size on the order-disorder transformation rate. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988: 504-515.

Ferguson, R.B., Ball, N.A., and Cerny, P. (1991) Structure refinement of an adularian end-member high sanidine from the Buck Claim pegmatite, Bernic Lake, Manitoba. Canadian Mineralogist: 29: 543-552.

Widder, W. (1991) Röntgentopographische Untersuchungen am Sanidin von Volkesfeld und Orthoklas von Madagaskar. Diplomarbeit an der Fakultät für Physik, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Kroll, Herbert, Knitter, Regina (1991) Al, Si exchange kinetics in sanidine and anorthoclase and modeling of rock cooling paths. American Mineralogist, 76 (5-6) 928-941

Widder, W.; Wondratschek, H.; Fehlmann, M.; Klapper, H. (1994) X-ray topographic study of Eifel sanidine (Volkesfeld). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 209 (3). 206-209 doi:10.1524/zkri.1994.209.3.206

Moore, Thomas P. (1995) What's New in Minerals? - Tucson Show 1995. The Mineralogical Record, 26 (3) 215-230

Kimata, Mitsuyoshi; Saito, Shizuo; Shimizu, Masahiro; Iida, Ikuo; Matsui, Tomoaki (1996) Low-Temperature Crystal Structures of Orthoclase and Sanidine. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 171 (2). 199-213 doi:10.1127/njma/171/1996/199

Weiß, Günter, Graf, Hans-Werner (1999) Die Wannenköpfe bei Ochtendung in der Vulkaneifel und ihre Mineralien [The Wannenköpfe near Ochtendung in the Vulkaneifel and their minerals]. Mineralien Welt, 10 (6). 20-47pp.40-44

(2001) Sanidine. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

GINIBRE, CATHERINE, WÖRNER, GERHARD, KRONZ, ANDREAS (2004) Structure and Dynamics of the Laacher See Magma Chamber (Eifel, Germany) from Major and Trace Element Zoning in Sanidine: a Cathodoluminescence and Electron Microprobe Study. Journal of Petrology, 45 (11) 2197-2223 doi:10.1093/petrology/egh053

Localities for SanidineHide

Showing 1,055 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Afghanistan
Helmand Reg District Khanneshin complex ⓘ Central Khanneshin deposit	Vikhter et al. (1976) +1 other reference

Africa
ⓘ Mount Elgon	Odman +2 other references
ⓘ Mount Karisimbi	Marcelot et al. (1985) +4 other references

Algeria
Skikda Province Azzaba District Es Sebt ⓘ Kef Hahouner lamproite intrusion	Kamiskey +2 other references
ⓘ Koudiat el Anzazza lamproite intrusion	Kamiskey +1 other reference
Tamanrasset Province (Tamanghasset Province) Tamanrasset District ⓘ Adriane volcano	M. Girod
ⓘ Akar-Akar volcano	M. Girod

Angola
Cuanza Norte Province ⓘ Quiculungo quarry	Neiva (1959) +1 other reference
Huíla Province Quilengues ⓘ Mount Tchivira	Eur. J. Mineral. +7 other references
Namibe Province Camacuio ⓘ Lutala Complex	Lapido-Loureiro +2 other references

Antarctica

East Antarctica Enderby Land Edward VIII Bay ⓘ Oygarden Islands	Journal of Petrology et al. (7)
Queen Maud Land ⓘ Kjakebeinet and Muren	Luttinen et al. (2002)
ⓘ Straumsvola complex	Harris et al. (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tvora complex	Riley et al. (2009)
Victoria Land Adare Peninsula Cape Adare ⓘ North face cliff	sold by B. Quaritch [and others]. +1 other reference
ⓘ Coulman Island	Hamilton (1972) +1 other reference
ⓘ Greene Complex	Proceedings of the VII International ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Hallett Peninsula	Harrington et al. (1967) +1 other reference
ⓘ Malta Plateau	Müller et al. (1991)
ⓘ Mount Morning	Martin et al. (2013)
ⓘ Mount Overlord	Gair (1967) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mt Melbourne	Wörner G and Viereck L (Victoria Land, Antarctica) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mt Morning	Martin et al. (2010)
West Antarctica Marie Byrd Land ⓘ Dorrel Rock	LeMasurier et al. (1982) +3 other references

Argentina
Catamarca Province Andalgalá Department Andalgalá ⓘ Bajo de la Alumbrera Mine	Ulrich et al. (2002)
Antofagasta de la Sierra Department ⓘ Cerro Galán caldera	Francis +7 other references
Chubut Province Paso de Indios Department Los Altares ⓘ Dawsonite locality	Zalba et al. (2011)
Jujuy Province Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Chinchillas Mine	Mercado et al. (2025)
Mendoza Province Las Heras Department Capdevilla District ⓘ Puesto la Peña alkaline complex	Pagano et al. (2016) +2 other references
Malargüe Department Agua Escondida District Altiplano de Payún Matrú ⓘ Payún Matrú Volcano	Hernando et al. (2012)
Río Negro Province Veinticinco de Mayo Department ⓘ Adelita Mine	Grecco et al. (2012)
Salta Province Iruya Department ⓘ Iruya tinguaite dyke	Woolley (1987)
Los Andes department San Antonio de los Cobres ⓘ Inca Viejo Cave	López et al. (2018)
Santa Cruz Province Lago Buenos Aires Department Sascha Project ⓘ Pelligrini prospect	Smith (2009)
Tucumán Province ⓘ Tafí del Valle Department	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry

Armenia
Ararat Province ⓘ Aiotsdzor
Kotayk Province ⓘ T'ezhsar Mountain	Kogarko et al. (1995)

Atlantic Ocean
Gorringe Ridge ⓘ Mount Ormonde	Cornen (1982) +3 other references
Walvis Ridge ⓘ Drill Hole 524	Carman et al. (South Atlantic) +1 other reference

Australia
New South Wales Ashburnham Co. ⓘ Canobolas Volcano	Wellman et al. (1974) +1 other reference
Brisbane Co. ⓘ Scone Teschenite Sills	Martin (1984)
Buckland Co. ⓘ Escott deposit	Flood (1993)
Macquarie Co. Port Macquarie ⓘ Comboyne Volcanic Province	Knutson +4 other references
ⓘ Nandewar Range (Nandewar Mountains; Nandewar Volcano)	Dunn et al. (2007)
Pottinger Co. ⓘ ~~Mullaley~~	specimen in collection
Wallace Co. ⓘ Kiandra	Mackenzie et al. (1970)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Birch (1999)
Northern Territory West Arnhem Region Alligator Rivers ⓘ Maningkorrirr Phonolites	Stuart-Smith et al. (1984)
ⓘ Mudginberri Phonolites	Page et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Queensland Central Highlands Region Capella ⓘ Peak Range Volcanic Province	Wellman (1978) +3 other references
ⓘ Springsure Volcanic Field	Webb et al. (1967) +3 other references
Scenic Rim Region ⓘ Mount Gillies	ROSS et al. (1987)
Tasmania Break O'Day municipality Blue Tier district ⓘ Little Plains Quarry	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Central Highlands municipality Interlaken ⓘ Dog's Head Tier	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Clarence city ⓘ Skillion Hill	Bottrill et al. (2020)
Dorset municipality Tomahawk ⓘ Tomahawk river phonolite dyke	Everard et al. (2004)
Huon Valley municipality Huon-Channel region ⓘ Cygnet district	Taheri +5 other references
ⓘ King Hill gold mine	Taheri
ⓘ Langdons Point	Bottrill et al. (2014) +1 other reference
ⓘ Livingstone mine	Taheri
Kingborough municipality Kettering ⓘ Little Oyster Cove goldfield	Bottrill (1998)
Waratah-Wynyard municipality Boat Harbour ⓘ Sister's Creek	Sutherland
ⓘ Table Cape	www.crocoite.com (2003)
Victoria City of Hume Greenvale ⓘ Greenvale Reservoir	W.D 1979. Titan-phlogopite in amygdales ...
Hepburn Shire Daylesford ⓘ Ridge Road quarry	Henry (1995)
Macedon Ranges ⓘ Spring Hill	Sutton (2017)
Macedon Ranges Shire ⓘ Woodend Province	Edwards (1938) +13 other references
Moorabool Shire Mount Egerton ⓘ Malone Mine (Malone main shaft)
Western Australia Derby-West Kimberley Shire Noonkanbah Station ⓘ Walgidee Hills	Jaques (2017)
ⓘ Edel No 1 Well	Le Maitre (1975)

Austria
Burgenland Oberpullendorf District Markt Sankt Martin Pauliberg ⓘ Basalt quarry	U. Kolitsch et al. (2009)
Carinthia Wolfsberg District Wolfsberg Lading ⓘ Cu deposit ?	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Styria Südoststeiermark District Bad Gleichenberg Klausen ⓘ Schlarbaum quarry	Neschen (n.d.)
Wilhelmsdorf ⓘ Stradner Kogel	Exel (1993) +1 other reference
Feldbach Gossendorf ⓘ Clay pit	Exel (1993)
Mühldorf bei Feldbach ⓘ Steinberg	Postl et al. (1996)
Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry	Taucher et al. (1998)
Tyrol Kufstein District Brixlegg ⓘ Montanwerke Brixlegg slag locality	Kolitsch (2013)
Upper Austria Gmunden District Bad Ischl ⓘ Katereck	K.Breuer

Azerbaijan
Lerik District ⓘ Talyshskii	Gupta (2015)

Bolivia
Cochabamba Capinota Province ⓘ Carpacayma	Woolley (1987)
Oruro Cercado Province ⓘ Oruro	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
ⓘ Colorada Mine	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
ⓘ San José Mine	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
ⓘ Socavón Mine (La Salvadora mine)	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
Potosí Sud Lípez Province Cerro Bonete ⓘ La Moza Mine (Lipeña Mine; Lipeña-Lamosa prospect)	D. Richter (1992)
San Antonio de Lípez ⓘ Machu Socavón Mine	Ludington et al. (1992)

Brazil
Ceará ⓘ Fortaleza	... +1 other reference
ⓘ Ancuri hill	Rao et al. (1972)
ⓘ Caruru dome	Rao et al. (1972)
Espírito Santo Vitória Trindade and Martin Vaz archipelago ⓘ Martin Vaz islands	Cordani (1970) +9 other references
ⓘ Trindade island	Greenwood (1998)
Minas Gerais Caldas ⓘ Osamu Utsumi mine	Waber (1991) +1 other reference
ⓘ Poços de Caldas alkaline complex	Guarino et al. (2021)
ⓘ Amoras Stream basin	Conceição et al. (2024)
ⓘ Serra do Salitre carbonatite	Haggerty et al. (1983)
Paraná Cerro Azul Mato Preto carbonatite complex ⓘ Clugger orebody	JENKINS II (1987)
Pernambuco ⓘ Cabo de Santo Agostinho	www.unb.br (2006)
Rio de Janeiro Cachoeiras de Macacu ⓘ Soarinho complex	da Silva et al. (2023)
Rio Grande do Sul Caçapava do Sul Minas do Camaquã ⓘ Santa Maria mine	Pereira et al. (2021)
São Paulo Ilhabela Búzios island ⓘ Búzios island alkaline massif	de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)

Bulgaria
Kyustendil Province Kyustendil Municipality ⓘ Kopriva	Collection Marcus Voigt
Smolyan Province ⓘ Chepelare Municipality	Svetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007)
Sofia Province Svoge Municipality Svidnya ⓘ Svidnya Complex	Grozdanov +4 other references

Cameroon
Adamawa Region Vina ⓘ Ngaoundere Volcanic Field	Lasserre +11 other references
Far North Region ⓘ Kapsikis Plateau	Gouhier (1974) +1 other reference
North Region Bénoué ⓘ Goroua Group of Plugs	Koch (O52) +2 other references
Northwest Region ⓘ Oku Massif	Marzoli et al. (Africa) +8 other references
Southwest Region ⓘ Rumpi Hills	Jérémine (1943) +2 other references

Canada
Alberta Crowsnest Pass Coleman ⓘ Crows Nest Pass	Tschernich (1992)
British Columbia Greenwood Mining Division Beaverdell ⓘ Tuzo Creek	Russ F Epp Collection
Liard Mining Division ⓘ Mount Edziza	Am. Min. 59
Osoyoos Mining Division Penticton ⓘ Shingle Creek	Dave Joyce personal collection
Manitoba Lac-du-Bonnet area Bernic Lake ⓘ Tanco Mine	153-155. +1 other reference
New Brunswick Charlotte Co. Saint George Parish ⓘ Mount Pleasant Mine	Adex Mining
Nunavut Kivalliq Region Mallery Lake ⓘ Mallery Lake Au deposits	Turner et al. (2001)
Qikiqtaaluk Region Baffin Island ⓘ Napoleon Bay	Hogarth (1997)
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM Réservoir-Dozois ⓘ Cabonga Reservoir	Olivier Langelier Collection
Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine La Côte-de-Gaspé RCM Murdochville ⓘ Gaspé Copper mine (Gaspé mine; Copper Mountain mine; Needle Mountain mine)	Estrie and Gaspesie +2 other references
Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	Grice (1989) +1 other reference

Cape Verde
Barlavento Islands ⓘ Santo Antão Island	Gerlach et al. (1988) +3 other references
ⓘ Cadamosto Seamount	Barker et al. (2012)

Chad
Hadjer-Lamis Region ⓘ Hadjer el Khamis	Garde +2 other references
Tibesti Region ⓘ Tibesti Volcanic Province	Vincent (Sahara du Tchad) +9 other references

Chile
Aisén General Carrera Province Chile Chico ⓘ Trapananda Mo-Bi-Te-Au prospect	Zentilli et al. (2026)
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Salar de Atacama ⓘ Cordón de Lila	Richter et al. (2015)
Coquimbo Choapa Province Salamanca ⓘ Los Pelambres Mine	Bertens et al. (2003)
Santiago Metropolitan Region Melipilla Province ⓘ Alhué mining district	Gómez-Gajardo et al. (2024)

China
Beijing Yanqing District ⓘ Shiqing cave	He Xuemei; Yu (2011)
Guangdong Foshan Nanhai District ⓘ Sanshui Basin	Zhou et al. (2009)
Jieyang Huilai Co. ⓘ Xiling Mine	Zhaohua Zhang and Shenyao Xiao (1985)
Guangxi Guigang Gangnan District ⓘ Xinmin-Jitang Cu-Ag deposit	Chengqi Hu et al. (1997)
Hechi Nandan County ⓘ Longtoushan Sn deposit (Gaofeng Mine)	Acta Geologica Sinica (2004)
ⓘ Tongkeng-Changpo Mine	Acta Geologica Sinica (2004)
Guizhou Qiandongnan Zhenyuan County ⓘ Baifen and Sinantang	HOUJUN et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Hebei Chengde Chengde County Damiao complex ⓘ Heishan Mine	Jing Sun et al. (2009)
Heilongjiang Heihe Aihui District ⓘ Sandaowanzi Mine (Shandaowanzi Mine)	Zhai et al. (2015)
Wudalianchi City ⓘ Huoshao Mountain Oilfield	Bai et al. (2024)
ⓘ Wudalianchi volcanic cluster	Jiaxiang Qiu and Qun'an Liao (1990)
Yichun Jiayin County Wulaga Mine ⓘ Tuanjiegou Au deposit	Changchun School of Metallurgy and Geology (1976)
Henan Sanmenxia Lushi County ⓘ Babaoshan intrusion	Gufeng Luo (1983)
Hubei Jingmen Jingshan ⓘ Dahongshan Kimberlite field	Zhang Hong-Fu et al. (2001)
Hunan Changsha Ningxiang City ⓘ Yunyingwo	Mei et al. (1998)
Inner Mongolia Baotou City Binhe New District Wulashan mining district ⓘ Wulashan Au deposit	Ping Hu et al. (2005)
Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Songshan District ⓘ Shirengou Au deposit	Yu et al. (2024)
Hinggan League (Xing'an Prefecture) Horqin Right Front Banner (Ke'erqin Youyi Qianqi) ⓘ Longjiang Formation	Wang et al. (2024)
Ulanqab City (Wulanchabu Prefecture) Fengzhen County ⓘ Quanzigou porphyry Mo deposit	Zhang et al. (2022)
Jiangxi Fuzhou ⓘ Xiangshan Uranium ore field	Wenbin Zhou (2000)
Yingtan Guixi Co. ⓘ Shatang Au-Ag deposit	Nan Ye (1993)
Shengyuan Uranium ore field (Yingtan Uranium ore field) ⓘ Xiongjia U deposit (U deposit No. 60)	Wang et al. (2026)
Jilin Changchun Jiutai Co. ⓘ Yinkuangshan zeolite deposit	Zhixian Liu (1985)
Qinghai Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Zhidoi Co. (Zhiduo Co.) ⓘ Hoh Xil salt lake (Kekexili salt lake)	Wang et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Shandong Linyi Mengyin County Mengyin Kimberlite field Changma Kimberlite belt Wangcun deposit ⓘ Shengli pipes	Wuyi Wang (1998)
Shanxi Lüliang Xing County ⓘ Zijinshan Complex	Yang et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Sichuan Liangshan Yi Yanyuan County ⓘ Yanyuan	Guo et al. (2005)
Tibet Lhasa Damxung Co. (Dangxiong Co.) ⓘ Rongnido	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Nagqu Nyima Co. (Nima Co.) ⓘ Dangreyong lake	Zhao et al. (2006) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mibale (Mibalei)	Siping Liao et al. (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Wenbu	Ding et al. (2003)
Shuanghu Co. ⓘ Bamaoqiongzong	Guo et al. (2006)
Ngari Gêrzê Co. ⓘ Yulinshan	Ding et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture) Ngamring Co. (Angren Co.) ⓘ Chazi	Ding et al. (2003) +2 other references
ⓘ Lake Xuru	Zhao et al. (2009)
Zhongba Co. ⓘ Bangbule Pb-Zn deposit	Hong et al. (2025)
ⓘ Gongmutang	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Xinjiang Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.) Baigan Lake (Baigan Hu) Baiganhu W-Sn ore field ⓘ Baiganhu W-Sn deposit	Guizhong Liu et al. (2007)
ⓘ Jingyuhu	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Aletai Co. (Altay Co.) ⓘ Qia'erdunbasixi Fe-Cu-Au deposit	Xia et al. (2022)
Kashi Prefecture (Kashgar Prefecture; Qeshqer Prefecture) Tashiku'ergan Co. (Taxkorgan Co.; Tashqurqan Co.) ⓘ Keliyang	Lei et al. (1998) +2 other references
Turpan Shanshan Co. ⓘ Aqishan Pb-Zn deposit	Wang et al. (2024)
Yunnan Dali Heqing County ⓘ Beiya Au-Cu ore field	He et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Pu'er Lancang County ⓘ Aozizhai Cu deposit	Jinchan Li and Yuhua Yang (2006)
Wenshan Maguan County Dulong ore field Dulong Sn-Zn deposit ⓘ Manjiazhai ore segment	Fan et al. (2025)
Zhejiang Hangzhou Chun'an County ⓘ Xilong	Letian Du and Wenguang Wang (2012) +1 other reference

Comoros
ⓘ Mohéli	Strong (1972) +5 other references

Czech Republic
Karlovy Vary Region Cheb District Ovesné Kladruby ⓘ Podhorní hill (Podhora)	Ulrych +8 other references
ⓘ Jáchymov ore district	Jan Hloušek
Liberec Region Česká Lípa District Polevsko ⓘ Polevský Hill	O.Janeček
Tachov ⓘ Tachovský Hill quarry	P.Pauliš et al. (2017)
Liberec District Raspenava ⓘ Hohe Hain Mountain	Blumrich (1893)
Moravian-Silesian Region Frýdek-Místek District Sviadnov ⓘ Ostravice river bed	Matýsek et al. (2022)
Ostrava-City District Ostrava Heřmanice ⓘ Heřmanice dump	Matýsek et al. (2022)
Plzeň Region Plzeň-North District Příšov ⓘ Homolka Hill	Ulrych
Ústí nad Labem Region Chomutov District ⓘ Loučná pod Klínovcem	Pivec et al. (1982) +3 other references
Litoměřice District Třebušín ⓘ Řepčice	P. Pauliš - Die interessantesten ...
ⓘ Žitenice	M.Radoň-Významné mineralogické lokality Českého středohoří (čas.Minerál 2/2009)
ⓘ Kočka (former Eulenberg)	Hibsch et al. (1911)
Most District Želenice ⓘ Želenický hill	Pazdernik (1997)
Teplice District Proboštov ⓘ Holenkluk	Breithaupt (1866)
Ústí nad Labem District Povrly Roztoky ⓘ Roztoky Intrusive Centre	Ulrych et al. (1983) +11 other references
Zlín Region Uherské Hradiště District Komňa ⓘ Bučník Hill Quarry	Pauliš

Denmark
ⓘ North Jutland Region	Pedersen et al. (1975) +3 other references

Djibouti
Tadjourah Region ⓘ North Tadjoura Complex	Richard +3 other references

DR Congo
North Kivu Masisi Territory Bahunde ⓘ Nyamuragira volcano	Richard +9 other references
Nyiragongo Territory ⓘ Nyiragongo Volcano	Haapala (2011)

Ecuador
Azuay Province Sigsig Canton ⓘ Asaray project (Satunsaray project)	Bolaños (2015)

Egypt
Aswan Governorate ⓘ Um Risha Complex	El Ramly et al. (1979)
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Abu Khruq alkaline complex	Mogahed (2016)
ⓘ El-Nuhud plugs	Higazy et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Port Safaga area ⓘ Gebel Nuqara (Gabel Nuqara)	Hassan et al. (2015)
ⓘ Wadi Kariem	Hussein et al. (1988)
ⓘ Western Ghurfa Ridge	El Ramly

El Salvador


Equatorial Guinea
Insular Region ⓘ Annobón Province	Thomé (1970) +6 other references

Eritrea
Northern Red Sea Region ⓘ Aleita	Namias (1892)
Alid volcanic center ⓘ Granophyre outcrops	Journal of Petrology
ⓘ Arafali	Namias (1892)
ⓘ Odmat (Mount Odmat)	Namias (1892)
Southern Red Sea Region ⓘ Anfile Bay (Anfila Bay; Amphila Bay)	Namias (1892)
ⓘ Alet Islet	Namias (1892)

Estonia
Harju County Jõelähtme ⓘ Maardu phosphate mines
Ida-Viru County ⓘ Aseri deposits	Soesoo et al. (2023)
Lääne-Viru County ⓘ Toolse deposits	Soesoo et al. (2023)

Ethiopia
Afar Region Kilbet Rasu ⓘ Ma'Alalta Volcano	Tazieff et al. (decembre 67-fevrier 68) +4 other references
Amhara Region ⓘ Lake Tana Area	Comucci (1950) +1 other reference
North Gondar Zone ⓘ Simien Mountains Volcanic Field	Comucci (1950) +1 other reference
Oromia Region Arsi Zone ⓘ Chilallo Volcano	Di Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north) +4 other references
East Shewa Zone ⓘ Gedemsa Caldera	Alula et al. (1992)
ⓘ Lake Langano	Petrov (n.d.)
ⓘ Wachacha Volcanic Dome	M.S. Garson (pers.comm. 1990) +2 other references
West Arsi Zone Shashamane ⓘ Asrat quarry	Petrov (n.d.)
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region Konso ⓘ Konso Intrusions	DAVIDSON (1983)

Fiji
Viti Levu Ba Navilawa ⓘ Tuvatu Mine	Clarke et al. (2023)

Finland
South Ostrobothnia Lappajärvi ⓘ Lappajärvi meteorite crater	Lehtinen

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ardèche Privas Saint-Priest ⓘ Col de l'Escrinet	Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
Cantal Aurillac Thiézac ⓘ Cantal Volcano	Brousse +17 other references
Mauriac Menet ⓘ Puy de Menoyre	Brousse R (1966)
Saint-Flour Laveissière La Grange de Ganilh ⓘ N122 road cut	Designolle (2023)
Le Lioran ⓘ Font d'Alagnon	R. Pierrot
ⓘ Lioran pass	R. Pierrot
ⓘ Cézallier Massif	Brousse +3 other references
Haute-Loire Le Puy-en-Velay Espaly-Saint-Marcel ⓘ Mont Denise	Barrier D et al. (2004)
Saint-Front ⓘ Bournac volcano	Grew (1977)
Saint-Pierre-Eynac ⓘ Suc de Monac	J.L. Poitevin
Velay Volcanic Area ⓘ Devés Volcanic Plateau	Brousse +1 other reference
Puy-de-Dôme ⓘ Chaȋne des Puys Volcanic Field	Brousse +13 other references
Issoire Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise ⓘ Neuffonds stream alluvial deposits	Périnet (n.d.)
ⓘ Super-Besse ski resort	Müller et al. (2023)
ⓘ Piste Bleu	Designolle (2023)
Chambon-sur-Lac Voissière ⓘ Couze de Chaudefour stream alluvial deposits	Périnet (n.d.)
Chastreix ⓘ Bois du Loup	Designolle (2021)
ⓘ Puy de Sancy	P & E Médard collection
ⓘ Roc de Courlande	Gourgaud A. (1985)
Issoire ⓘ Boulade stream alluvial deposits	Jean Brun collection
Mont-Dore ⓘ Puy de la Tache	P & E Médard collection
ⓘ Rabouty Quarry	J.J. Périchaud: "Les Minéraux ...
ⓘ Ravin de la Craie	P & E Médard collection
ⓘ Val Blanc stream alluvial deposits	Périnet (n.d.)
Murol ⓘ Groire	Pegere G. (2005)
Nébouzat ⓘ Gigeole stream alluvial deposits	Périnet (n.d.)
Perpezat ⓘ Puy de Vivanson Quarry	Valverde (2009)
Picherande ⓘ Trentaine stream	Arliguie M collection
Saint-Babel ⓘ Prudeux	King (n.d.)
ⓘ Limagne Basin	Bailey +7 other references
ⓘ Mont-Dore Volcanic Field (Mont-Dore volcanic province)	Brousse +7 other references
Riom Saint-Ours-les-Roches ⓘ Puy de Ténuzet quarry	Médard P. et al. (2009)
Brittany Finistère Quimper ⓘ Douarnenez	Chauris (2014)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands ⓘ Hiva Oa Island	volcanologie et al. (6) +13 other references
ⓘ Ua Pou Island	Lacroix (1931) +3 other references
Society Islands Leeward Islands ⓘ Huahine Island	LEGENDRE et al. (2003)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Crozet Islands ⓘ Possession Island	Chevallier et al. (1983)
Martinique Arrondissement of Le Marin Les Trois-Îlets ⓘ Gros Îlet
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Condom-d'Aubrac ⓘ Aubrac Volcanic Field	Brousse +8 other references

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Bötzingen ⓘ Endhalden phonolite	Spürgin et al. (2019)
ⓘ Fohberg Quarry (Hauri Quarry)	in the collection of Bernd Gassmann +1 other reference
Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl Oberbergen ⓘ Horberig
ⓘ Pulverbuck	Weiß (1990)
Oberrotweil ⓘ Kirchberg Quarry	Spürgin et al. (2019)
Konstanz ⓘ Hegau Volcanic District	Alibert et al. (1983) +6 other references
Ortenaukreis Hornberg ⓘ Hinterhauenstein	Walenta (1992)
Karlsruhe Region Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis Waldbrunn Waldkatzenbach Katzenbuckel ⓘ Michelsberg Quarry	Rosenbusch (1869)
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Eberbach ⓘ Katzenbuckel	Lippolt et al. (1976) +5 other references
Bavaria Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	Wittern (2001)
Upper Palatinate Tirschenreuth District Kemnath Waldeck ⓘ Kalvarienberg	Pöllmann et al. (2007)
Kulmain ⓘ Zinster Kuppe	Weiß (1990)
Pechbrunn ⓘ Großer Teichelberg (Teichelberg; Teichlberg)	Weiß (1990)
Hesse Darmstadt Darmstadt-Dieburg Roßdorf ⓘ Roßberg Quarry	Belendorff (2021)
Kassel Region Fulda Hilders Rupsroth ⓘ Phonolite quarry	Weiß (1990)
Werra-Meißner Eschwege ⓘ Blaue Kuppe	Belendorff (2005)
ⓘ Laacher See Volcanic Complex	Taylor Jr et al. (1967) +6 other references
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Brilon ⓘ Messinghausen	Wirausky (2021)
Cologne Bonn ⓘ Finkenberg	Brauns (1922)
Rhein-Sieg-Kreis Königswinter ⓘ Drachenfels (TL)	Nose (1808) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ölberg (Oelberg)	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Perlenhardt	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Weilberg (Großer Weilberg)	Brauns (1922)
Wachtberg Berkum ⓘ Hohenberg quarries	Frechen (1976)
Niederbachem ⓘ Dächelsberg	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Siebengebirge	Vieten (salites) +9 other references
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Adenau Quiddelbach ⓘ Selberg	Hentschel (1987)
Bad Breisig Brohl-Lützing ⓘ Leilenkopf	Brauns (1909)
Brohltal Brenk ⓘ Lehrenkopf (Lehrberg)	Vom Rath (1864)
ⓘ Schellkopf	C.&H. Schäfer collection +1 other reference
Burgbrohl ⓘ Herchenberg quarry	Hentschel (1983)
Glees ⓘ Alte Burg quarry	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Gleeser Felder	Rath
ⓘ Hüttenberg	Brauns (1922) +1 other reference
Maria Laach ⓘ Sandkuhle	Klaproth (1815)
ⓘ Southern Lake Laach Shore	Rath et al. (1863)
Kempenich ⓘ Engelner Kopf	Brauns (1922)
Spessart Hannebach ⓘ Hannebacher Ley	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Perler Kopf	Hentschel (1975)
Wassenach ⓘ Kunkskopf quarry	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Lydiaturm sand pit	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Pumice quarries	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Veitskopf	Weiß (1990)
Wehr ⓘ Kappiger Ley (Kappiger Lay)	Hentschel (1983)
Weibern ⓘ Fields west of Weibern	Vom Rath (1864)
Riedener Berg ⓘ Höhe 512.7	Bank +1 other reference
Remagen Rolandswerth ⓘ Rolandseck	Dechen (1852)
Bernkastel-Wittlich Wittlich-Land Bettenfeld ⓘ Mosenberg	Weiß (1990)
Mayen-Koblenz Maifeld Ochtendung ⓘ Eiterköpfe quarry	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Karmelenberg quarry	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Langenberg quarry	Personally collected by Günter Frenz
ⓘ Wannenköpfe Quarry	Rondorf et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Mayen ⓘ In der Ahl Quarry	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Mayener Feld	Hentschel (1973)
Seekante ⓘ Xenolith CS-008 (Bellbergite type-locality)	Rüdinger et al. (1993)
Mendig Bell ⓘ Auf der Hell	Viereck
ⓘ Gänsehals	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Rothenberg Quarry	Hentschel (1975)
Mendig ⓘ Basalt quarries	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Michels Quarry	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ In den Dellen quarries	Rath +6 other references
ⓘ Thelenberg	Rath
Wingertsberg ⓘ Pumice quarries	Rath
Rieden ⓘ Altenberg	Vom Rath (1864)
ⓘ Grobesberg	Viereck
ⓘ Volkesfeld	Bernotat-Wulf et al. (1988) +2 other references
Pellenz Kruft ⓘ Korretsberg	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Krufter Ofen	Rath
ⓘ Tönchesberg	Hentschel (1975) +1 other reference
Nickenich ⓘ Nickenicher Sattel	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Nickenicher Weinberg	Hentschel (1983)
Plaidt ⓘ Plaidter Hummerich	Hentschel (1983)
Vordereifel ⓘ Bellerberg volcano	Blaß et al. (2015)
Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-029	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-034 (Alfredcasparite-bearing xenolith)	in the collection of Christof Schäfer +1 other reference
Sankt Johann Hochsimmer volcano ⓘ Hochsimmer quarries	Weiß (1990)
Vulkaneifel Daun Dreis-Brück Dreis ⓘ Dreiser Weiher	Frechen (1963)
ⓘ Radersberg quarry	Hentschel (1983)
Hinterweiler ⓘ Hangelberg quarry	Christof Schäfer
Oberstadtfeld ⓘ Kahlenberg	Hentschel (1987)
Schalkenmehren ⓘ Altburg	Weiß (1990)
Strohn ⓘ Wartgesberg	Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
ⓘ Üdersdorf	Hentschel (1989)
ⓘ Emmelberg	Schäfer (1979) +1 other reference
ⓘ Löhley	Hentschel (1989)
Utzerath ⓘ Hummerich	Weiß (1990)
Gerolstein Gerolstein Roth ⓘ Rother Kopf	Blaß et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Hillesheim ⓘ Graulay quarry	Hentschel (1993)
ⓘ Kyller Höhe	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Lierwiese	Hentschel (1987)
Hohenfels-Essingen ⓘ Mühlenberg (Krümmel)	Aufschluss 82 (6)
Oberehe-Stroheich ⓘ Kahlenberg	Weiß (1990)
Ormont ⓘ Goldberg	Hentschel (1987)
Rockeskyll Rockeskyll volcanic complex ⓘ Auf Dickel (incl. Nonnental)	Haardt
ⓘ Quarry 1	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Quarry 3	Hentschel (1987)
Steffeln ⓘ Steffelnkopf	Wittern (2001)
Walsdorf ⓘ Goßberg	Hohn et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Kelberg Drees ⓘ Niveligsberg	Schüller (1990)
Reimerath ⓘ Trachyte quarry	Brauns (1922) +1 other reference
Westerwaldkreis Wallmerod Hundsangen ⓘ Ölberg quarry	Gerstenberg (n.d.)
ⓘ Westerwald Volcanic Field	Lippolt +3 other references
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Bärenstein Niederschlag ⓘ Straßburger Glück Mine	Martin et al. (1994)
Oberwiesenthal Hammerunterwiesenthal ⓘ Phonolite Quarry (Richter Quarry)	LAPIS 31 (3)
Thuringia Greiz District Kauern ⓘ Lichtenberg Absetzer dump	Witzke et al. (1998)
Weida ⓘ Loitsch Quarry	Wittern (2001) +2 other references
Hildburghausen District Heldburg ⓘ Heldburger Gangschar Volcanic Province	Lippolt (1982) +3 other references
ⓘ Heldburg Phonolite Plug	Lippolt (1982) +3 other references

Greece
Central Macedonia Kilkis Kilkis ⓘ Vathi	www.researchgate.net (n.d.) +1 other reference
Pella Almopia ⓘ Kakourou mountain	Rui Nunes collection
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Evros ⓘ Samothrace	Mr. Triantafyllos Soldatos.
North Aegean Chios Chios ⓘ Keramos	Kanellopoulos et al. (2024)
ⓘ Profitis Ilias	Mitropoulos et al. (1999)
Lemnos ⓘ Limnos	Stergiou et al. (2025)
South Aegean Milos Milos Island ⓘ Kondaros-Katsimouti	Papavasiliou et al. (2017)
Thira Santorini Island ⓘ Akrotiri	Sotiropoulou et al. (2010)

Guinea
Conakry Region ⓘ Los Archipelago (Los Islands)	Moreau et al. (1996) +1 other reference

Honduras
Santa Bárbara Department ⓘ Lake Yojoa	...

Hungary
Baranya County ⓘ Mecsek Mountains	Harangi et al. (1993) +4 other references
Pécs District Hosszúhetény ⓘ Köves Hill	www.geomania.hu
ⓘ Phonolite quarry	www.geomania.hu
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Sárospatak District ⓘ Somlyód Hill	Koch (1985)
Tokaj District Erdőbénye ⓘ Mulató Hill	Society of Economic Geologists Student Chapter University of Miskolc (2018)
Zemplén Mts (Tokaj Mts) ⓘ Sarmatian volcanos	Kohút et al. (2019)
Fejér County Bicskei District ⓘ Alcsútdoboz-2 Borehole	Szabó et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Gárdony District Nadap ⓘ Andesite Quarry (Községi quarry)
Sárszentmiklós ⓘ Tuff Quarry	Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality
Heves County Gyöngyös District Mátraszentimre ⓘ Szent Imre Mine	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Nógrád County Nagylóc ⓘ Nagy-Zsunyi Hill quarry (Zunypuszta quarry)	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Pest County Szentendre District Dunabogdány ⓘ Csódi Hill	Topographia Mineralogica Hungariae VI.
Szob District Márianosztra ⓘ Nagyirtáspuszta	Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary
Nagybörzsöny ⓘ Alsó-Rózsa adit	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Veszprém County Tapolca District Zalahaláp ⓘ Halápi Hill (Haláp Hill)	Kónya et al. (2011)

India
Andhra Pradesh Anantapur District ⓘ Muligiripalle plug	Gupta et al. (1986, September) +2 other references
ⓘ Wajrakarur kimberlite field	Ajit Kumar Reddy (1987) +1 other reference
Assam East Karbi Anglong District ⓘ Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex	S. Nag et al. (1999)
ⓘ Samchampi	Kumar et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Meghalaya East Garo Hills District ⓘ Nongcharam-Darugiri area	Kumar et al. (1984)
Odisha Nuapada lamproite field ⓘ Sakri	Rao et al. (2015)
Rajasthan Jodhpur Division Barmer District ⓘ Malani Igneous Province	Bhushan +6 other references
Telangana Nalgonda District ⓘ Gundrapalli Lamproite 1	Kaur et al. (2017)
ⓘ Ramadugu Lamproite Field	Sridhar et al. (2005)
West Bengal Paschim Medinipur District ⓘ Mohanpur	Kent et al. (1998)

Indian Ocean
ⓘ Dirck Hartog Ridge	Maciąg et al. (2019)

Indonesia
Central Java Province Jepara Regency ⓘ Muriah	Leterrier et al. (1990) +3 other references
East Java Province Banyuwangi Regency ⓘ Ringgit-Beser volcanic complex	EDWARDS et al. (1994)
East Nusa Tenggara Province ⓘ Batu Tara	Brouwer (1940) +2 other references
Papua Province Waropen Regency ⓘ Northern coast beach	Zglinicki +3 other references
South Sulawesi Province ⓘ Bila volcanics complex	Van Leeuwen (1981) +1 other reference
West Nusa Tenggara Province ⓘ Sangeang Api	Foden et al. (1980) +2 other references
Sumbawa Island West Sumbawa Regency ⓘ Sangenges Volcano	Foden et al. (1980) +2 other references

Iran
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Kiar County ⓘ Surk volcanic complex	Amidi et al. (1985)
East Azerbaijan Province Ahar County ⓘ Sabalan volcanic plateau	Alberti et al. (1976) +9 other references
Marand County ⓘ Marand	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Osku County ⓘ Saray volcano	Stocklin et al. (1973) +4 other references
Varzaqan county ⓘ Sungun Mine (Songun Mine)	Kamali et al. (2018)
Razavi Khorasan Province Torbat-e Jam County ⓘ Kariz Now Area	Saadat et al. (2012)
Yazd Province Ardakan County Aqda District Narestan Rural District ⓘ Qaleh-Khargooshi complex	Torabi (2009)
Kharanaq District Rabatat Rural District ⓘ Chah-Gaz iron oxide-apatite ore deposit	Sepidbar et al. (2021)

Italy
Abruzzo L'Aquila Province Rocca di Cambio ⓘ Cimina Ignimbrite	Mattioli et al. (2025)
Apulia Foggia Province Lesina ⓘ Punta delle Pietre Nere	Russo (2008)
Basilicata Potenza Province Rionero in Vulture ⓘ Monte Vulture	La Volpe et al. (1984) +14 other references
Campania Caserta ⓘ Roccamonfina Volcanic Complex	Ghiara et al. (1976) +31 other references
Conca della Campania ⓘ Orchi	Ghiara et al. (1973)
ⓘ Roccamonfina	Luhr et al. (1987)
Sessa Aurunca ⓘ Corigliano	Della Ventura et al. (2001)
Metropolitan City of Naples Bacoli ⓘ Torregaveta	Punzo et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Ercolano ⓘ Fosso Grande	Dunin Borkowski (1816) +1 other reference
ⓘ Le Novelle Quarry	Imma Punzo find & collection
ⓘ Montone Quarry	Russo et al. (2004)
ⓘ San Vito	Orlandi et al. (1989)
ⓘ San Vito Quarry	Russo et al. (2004) +3 other references
ⓘ Ischia Island	Gillot +13 other references
ⓘ Forio	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Caccaviello Quarry	Pichler et al. (1970)
ⓘ Monte di Procida	Mazzi et al. (1983) +1 other reference
ⓘ Breccia Museo pyroclastic deposit	Fedele L. et al. (2006)
ⓘ Mount Somma	Zambonini (1911)
Naples ⓘ Pianura	vom Rath (1866)
ⓘ Soccavo	vom Rath (1866)
ⓘ Ottaviano	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
ⓘ Phlegrean Fields Volcanic Complex	De Stefani (1905) +22 other references
Pollena Trocchia ⓘ Lagno di Pollena	Carati (1982)
ⓘ Pollena quarries
Pozzuoli ⓘ Fondo Riccio	Manasse (1902 a) +1 other reference
ⓘ Monte Olibano	vom Rath (1866)
ⓘ Solfatara di Pozzuoli	Pichler et al. (1970)
ⓘ Procida Island	D’Antonio et al. (1994) +5 other references
ⓘ Pozzo Vecchio	Punzo et al. (1996) +1 other reference
ⓘ Punta della Lingua	Punzo et al. (1996) +1 other reference
ⓘ San Sebastiano al Vesuvio	Balassone et al. (2013)
Sant'Anastasia ⓘ Lagno Amendolare	Imma Punzo find & collection
Somma Vesuviana ⓘ Lagno Macedonia	Punzo et al. (1996) +1 other reference
ⓘ Trapolino Quarry (Cava Nuova)	Russo et al. (2004)
Torre del Greco ⓘ Camaldoli della Torre	Carati (1981) +2 other references
ⓘ Villa Inglese quarries	Scacchi (1882) +4 other references
Salerno Nocera Inferiore ⓘ Fiano tuff quarries	Del Caldo et al. (1973) +1 other reference
ⓘ Somma-Vesuvius Complex	Hamilton (1776) +29 other references
ⓘ Latera volcanic complex	in the collection of Alessandro ...
ⓘ Latera caldera	Mattioli et al. (2025)
Lazio Frosinone Province Ceccano ⓘ Colle Spinazzeta	Angelucci A. et al. (1974)
ⓘ La Palombara	Angelucci A. et al. (1974)
ⓘ Pofi	Mattias P.P. (1969) +2 other references
Latina Province Ponza Ponza Island ⓘ Cala Fontana old quarry	E. Passaglia et al.
ⓘ Punta della Guardia	H.E. Belkin et al. (silicte/saline/sulfur-rich/CO2)
ⓘ Ventotene	Metrich et al. (1988) +2 other references
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital ⓘ Alban Hills	Federico et al. (2002)
ⓘ Albano Lake crater	Gianfagna et al. (1988)
Albano Laziale ⓘ Castelli Romani bypass road (Via Appia Bis)	Caponera et al. (2003)
Allumiere ⓘ Monte Rovello	Napoleoni et al. (2021) +1 other reference
ⓘ Monte Sassetto	Della Ventura G. et al. (Tolfa volcanic center, Latium, Italy)
ⓘ Spizzicatore Hill	Negretti (1962) +1 other reference
Anguillara Sabazia ⓘ La Mola	Parodi et al. (1994)
ⓘ Ariccia	De Michele (1974)
Bracciano Castel Giuliano ⓘ Pianciano	Dario Di Domenico collection
ⓘ SH2 deep well	Franceschini et al. (1989)
Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Monte Cavalluccio	Eur. J. Mineral. +1 other reference
ⓘ Monte Tozzo	Liotti L. (1983)
ⓘ S. Angelo Mount	Stoppani et al. (1982)
Castel Gandolfo ⓘ Spiaggia del Lago Road	Caprilli (2000)
Cerveteri Sasso di Furbara (Sasso) ⓘ Monte Sughereto Quarry	Barrese et al. (1994)
Magliano Romano ⓘ Fosso Attici	Stoppani et al. (1982)
ⓘ Lapilli quarry	Bellatreccia et al. (2006)
Marino ⓘ Costa Caselle	Burli et al. (1988)
ⓘ Rome	Martinelli (1904) +2 other references
ⓘ Sacrofano	Della Ventura et al. (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Biachella Valley	M.E. Ciriotti collection (EDS probed) +2 other references
ⓘ Monte Sarapollo	Stoppani et al. (1982)
ⓘ Stracciacappe caldera	Stoppani et al. (1982)
Tolfa Santa Severa Nord ⓘ Fosso Eri rhyolite outcrop (incl. Santa Severa kaolin quarry)	Lombardi (1964) +2 other references
ⓘ Sasso della Strega	Napoleoni et al. (2021)
ⓘ Tolfa Mountains District	Pinarelli (1987) +1 other reference
ⓘ Monti Sabatini Volcanic District	Cundari (1979) +9 other references
Viterbo Province Bagnoregio Ponzano ⓘ Trachyte quarry	C. Biagioni
ⓘ Bassano Romano	Parodi et al. (1996)
Bolsena ⓘ Trachyte quarry	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Capranica
ⓘ Campo Padella	Della Ventura et al. (1999) +1 other reference
ⓘ Cassia Road km 61.5	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Cellere ⓘ Monte di Cellere	Burli et al. (2010)
ⓘ Cimino Volcanic Complex	Puxeddu (1971)
ⓘ Colle Quartuccio	Di Domenico Dario
ⓘ Farnese
ⓘ Fosso San Paolo	Stoppani et al. (1982)
ⓘ Gradoli	Gianfranco Ciccolini Collection
ⓘ Poggio Pinzo (Gradoli pozzolana quarry)	Signoretti et al. (2001)
ⓘ Ischia di Castro	Di Domenico Dario
ⓘ Montefiascone	Di Battistini et al. (2001)
Onano ⓘ Montenero Quarry	Cresta et al. (2002)
Soriano nel Cimino ⓘ Le Piagge	Stoppani et al. (1982)
Valentano ⓘ Casale Rosati	Burli et al. (2010)
ⓘ Mt Saliette	Burli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Vetralla
ⓘ Fosso Ricomero	Parodi et al. (1989)
ⓘ La Botte (Botte)	www.gminromano.it (n.d.) +4 other references
ⓘ Pian di San Martino	Signoretti et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tre Croci	[var: High sanidine] Ventura et al. (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vico volcanic complex (Vico Lake)	Laurenzi +38 other references
Viterbo ⓘ Bagnaia	van Bergen (1980)
ⓘ Castellaccio di Petrignano	Bill Henderson specimens
ⓘ San Martino al Cimino	Stoppani et al. (1982)
ⓘ Vulsini Volcanic Complex	- (2005)
Liguria Genoa ⓘ Rovegno	Marchesini et al. (2025)
ⓘ Pescia stream	Marchesini et al. (2025)
Molise Isernia Province ⓘ Isernia	Quercigh (1915)
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Prali ⓘ Crosetto Mine	Ciriotti et al. (2011)
Sardinia Oristano Province Marrubiu ⓘ Funtanafigu quarry	Dillen (2022)
Sassari Province ⓘ Castelsardo	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Nulvi	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Ploaghe	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
South Sardinia Province ⓘ Sant'Antioco	Araña et al. (1974)
Sicily Agrigento Province Pelagie Islands (Pelagian Islands) ⓘ Linosa (Linosa Island)	Calcara P. (1851) +1 other reference
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains) ⓘ Pachino-Passero Volcano	Barberi et al. (1974) +1 other reference
Metropolitan City of Catania Biancavilla ⓘ Mt Calvario	Sicurella et al. (2010)
Etna Volcanic Complex ⓘ Mount Etna	Gaetano Sicurella collection
Metropolitan City of Messina Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari ⓘ Vulcano Island	Barberi et al. (1974) +6 other references
ⓘ Pietre Cotte lava flow	Piochi et al. (2009) +1 other reference
ⓘ Punte Nere	Lucchi et al. (2008)
Trapani Province ⓘ Pantelleria Island	Villari L. (1970)
Sicily Channel (Sicilian Channel; Strait of Sicily) ⓘ Nameless Bank	Beccaluva et al. (1981) +1 other reference
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Predazzo ⓘ Bersaglio	Exel (1987)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Castel del Piano ⓘ Prato delle Macinaie (Piano delle Macinaie)	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
Pitigliano ⓘ Case Collina	Liotti (1991)
ⓘ Pian di Valle - Nardeci quarries (Europomice quarries; Casale Pietrazzoli quarries)	Capaccioni B. et al. (Latera Volcanic Complex, Vulsini District, Italy)
ⓘ Poggio Bottinello	Nasti et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Roccastrada Roccatederighi ⓘ Rhyolite dome	www.socgeol.info (n.d.)
Livorno Province ⓘ Capraia Island	Barsotti et al. (2006)
Portoferraio ⓘ Cape Enfola	De Michele (1974)
ⓘ Forno	Orlandi P. and Pezzotta F. (1996)
ⓘ Monte Amiata mercury mining district	MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE
Pisa Province Lajatico Orciatico ⓘ Lamproite exposures	S. Conticelli
Montecatini Val di Cecina ⓘ Lamproite outcrops	S. Conticelli
Umbria Perugia Province Spoleto ⓘ Colle Fabbri	Stoppa et al. (2009)
Terni Province Orvieto ⓘ Titignano	Stoppa et al. (1995)
ⓘ Polino	Stoppa +13 other references
San Venanzo ⓘ Vispi Quarry	Sabatini (1899) +7 other references
Veneto Padova Province Cinto Euganeo Faedo Monte Fasolo ⓘ Case Berton Quarry	Fabris et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Galzignano Terme ⓘ Monte delle Basse	Fabio Tosato et al. (2024) +2 other references
ⓘ Torreglia	Squinabol (1902) +1 other reference
Luvigliano ⓘ Monte Brusà Quarry (Donà Quarry)	Orlandi (1997) +2 other references
ⓘ Monte Solone	Fabris et al. (2014)
Vo' ⓘ Zovon	Fabris et al. (2014)
Vicenza Province Rotzo ⓘ Castelletto di Rotzo	Zaccaria et al. (2021)
San Pietro Mussolino ⓘ Bertocchi quarry (ex Alvese quarry)	Zorzi et al. (eds.)
ⓘ Schio-Valdagno Tunnel (Zovo Tunnel)	Boscardin et al. (2000) +2 other references

Japan
Gifu Prefecture Gifu City ⓘ Nagara river alluvials (Nagaragawa)	Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago and Dr ...
Kakamigahara City (Kagamigahara City) ⓘ Kiso river alluvials (Kisogawa)	Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago and Dr ...
Kagoshima Prefecture Kirishima City Hayato ⓘ Shimizu	Hiromi Yamasaki collection
Osaka Prefecture Sennan District ⓘ Bankawa outcrop	Arai et al. (2018)
Shimane Prefecture Ochi District ⓘ Kawamoto Lava flow	Nagao et al. (1986) +2 other references
Wakayama Prefecture Higashimuro district Kushimoto ⓘ Shionomisaki Complex	Knittel et al. (2025)
ⓘ Taiji-cho	- (1932 analysis in DHZ)

Jordan
Aqaba Governorate Aqaba Qasabah District Wadi Arabah ⓘ Copper mines	Jarrar et al. (1992) +1 other reference

Kenya
ⓘ Baringo-Laikipia Volcanic Area	Hackmann +3 other references
Baringo County ⓘ Ribkwo Volcano	Webb +2 other references
Homa Bay County ⓘ Wasaki Peninsula and Ruri Hills Phonolites	Le Bas (1977)
Kajiado County ⓘ Kajiado Volcanic Area	Baker (1958) +2 other references
ⓘ Mount Suswa (Suswa Volcano)	White et al. (2012)
ⓘ Cave No. 13A	Forti et al. (2003)
ⓘ Cave No. 14A	Forti et al. (2004)
Marsabit County ⓘ Laisamis Lava Field	Rix (1973) +4 other references
ⓘ Loiyangalani Volcanic area	Baker (1963) +6 other references
ⓘ Sabarei and Allia Bay Areas	Ministry of Energy and Regional ... +4 other references
Meru County Mount Kenya National Park ⓘ Mount Kenya	Baker (1967)
ⓘ Nyambeni Hills Volcanic Field	Williams (1966) +6 other references
Nairobi County ⓘ Nairobi Volcanic area	Saggerson (1991)
Nakuru County ⓘ Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex	Davies et al. (1987) +4 other references
Narok County ⓘ Mau Volcanic Area	Williams (1991)
Turkana County ⓘ Kachila Volcano	Key (1987)
ⓘ Kanatim Volcano	Key (1987)
ⓘ North Turkana Volcanic Province	Smith (1938) +3 other references
ⓘ Puch Prasir Plateau	Smith (1938) +1 other reference

Kiribati
ⓘ Line Islands	Natland et al. (1976) +1 other reference

Kosovo
Gjilan District Viti ⓘ Devaje	Altherr et al. (2004) +2 other references

Lesotho
Butha-Buthe District ⓘ Kao Mine	Mathias et al. (1970)
ⓘ Qaqa pipe	Mathias et al. (1970)

Libya
Jabal al Gharbi District ⓘ Gharyan Volcanic Field	Piccoli (1970) +6 other references
ⓘ Kaf El Khalef	Lustrino et al. (2012)
Kufra District ⓘ Jebel Arkenu	CIGOLINI1 et al. (2012)
Wadi al Shatii District ⓘ Jabal Al Hasawinah	BUSREWIL et al. (1991)

Madagascar
ⓘ Androy Volcanic Complex	Mahoney et al. (2008)
Anosy Amboasary Sud District Ebelo ⓘ Vohitsimbe	Mahoney et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Betroka District ⓘ Isoanala	M. Arligiue collection & photo
Mahasoa Est ⓘ Andangovato	Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
ⓘ Benono	Behier (1963)
ⓘ Itrongay (Itrongahy)	www.mindat.org (n.d.) +1 other reference
Diana Ambanja District Antsirabe ⓘ Ambohimirahavavy Alkaline Complex	Rakotovao Soatsitohaina et al. (2009)
ⓘ Massif d'Ambre	Lacroix (1922) +5 other references
Sofia Befandriana Nord District Amparihy Complex ⓘ Ambohi Bory intrusion	Lacroix (1923) +2 other references
Vakinankaratra Antsirabe I District ⓘ Sahatsio Bridge	Lacroix (1922)
Antsirabe II District Ambano Commune ⓘ Ambano	Behier (1963)

Malawi
Southern Region Phalombe ⓘ Namangali Hill	Garson
ⓘ Tundulu Ring Complex	Garson (1962) +2 other references

Mexico
Chihuahua Aldama Municipality Peña Blanca District ⓘ Sierra Peña Blanca	Hernández-Herrera et al. (2025)
ⓘ Margaritas No. 1 Mine	Faudoa-Gómez et al. (2024)
Aquiles Serdán Municipality Santa Eulalia Mining District East Camp ⓘ San Antonio Mine	Megaw (1990)
Saucillo Municipality ⓘ ~~Pili Mine~~	Jesse Fisher (optical analysis) +1 other reference
Coahuila Acuna Municipality ⓘ Aguachile Fluorspar - Beryllium Deposit	Levinson (1962)
Durango Coneto de Comonfort Municipality América-Sapioris District (Potrillos) América (La América) ⓘ Varocitas Mine	Panczner (1987)
Coneto de Comonfort ⓘ Barranca Mine
Guanajuato Santa Catarina Municipality Santa Catarina Cerro de las Fajas ⓘ Santín Mine	Am Min (1955)
Hidalgo ⓘ Sierra de Las Navajas	López-Velarde et al. (2025)
Zimapán Municipality Zimapán ⓘ Preisser Mine	Morgan (2017)
Jalisco Colima volcanic complex ⓘ Colima volcano (Volcan de Fuego; Volcan de Colima)	Gupta (2015)
Michoacan Contepec Municipality Tepoxtepec (?Tepuxtepec) ⓘ Cabires Mine (?Cubires)	Foshag et al. (1942)
San Luis Potosí Rioverde Municipality ⓘ La Reforma	Planer-Friedrich (2000)
Zacatecas Villa García Municipality El Copetillo ⓘ Mina Veronica	Christiansen

Mongolia
Arkhangai Province Hangai highland Tariat Volcanic Province ⓘ Shavaryn Tsaram	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Ömnögovi Province Mandal-Ovoo District ⓘ Northwestern Mandal-Obo Volcanic field	Baskina et al. (1978) +2 other references
Töv Province Choir-Nyalga basin ⓘ Nyalga Combustion Metamorphic complex	Peretyazhko et al. (2018)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Tinghir Province Boulmane-Dadès Cercle ⓘ Sarho Volcanic Field	De Sitter et al. (1952) +1 other reference
ⓘ Jbel Saghro	Woolley (2001) +1 other reference
Oriental Region Taourirt Province ⓘ Rekkame volcanic province	JÉRÉMINE (1955) +1 other reference
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region Khémisset Province Oulmès Cercle ⓘ Oulmes Volcanic Area	Gentil +4 other references

Mozambique
Cabo Delgado Province Montepuez District Xixano ⓘ Monte Metocha	Oberti et al. (2010)
Maputo Province Boane District ⓘ Boane Occurrence	TORRE DE ASSUNCAO et al. (1962)

Myanmar
Mandalay Region Pyin-Oo-Lwin District Mogok Township Mogok Valley ⓘ Lin-yaung-chi (Bright Light Rays)	Themelis (2008)
ⓘ Ohn-bin-ywe-htwet (Coconut Tree mine)	Themelis (2008) +1 other reference
Pein-Pyit (Painpyit; Pyan Pyit) ⓘ Pyant Gyi mine (Pyan Gyi)	Themelis (2008)

Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries	... +3 other references
ⓘ Auas Mountains Occurrences	Gevers (1933) +3 other references
ⓘ Stalhart volcanic field	Koller F et al. (2014)
Kunene Region Opuwo Rural ⓘ Agate Mountain Complex	Miller (2000)
ǁKaras Region ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency ⓘ Dicker Willem (Dicker Wilhelm; Garubberg)	Jackson +6 other references
ⓘ Klinghardt Group	Koller F et al. (2014)

New Zealand
Auckland Region Whangaparaoa ⓘ Stanmore Bay	Martin et al. (NZ)
Bay of Plenty Region ⓘ Mayor Island (Tuhua)	Hutton (1956)
ⓘ Taratimi Bay (Crater Bay)	Collection of Rod Martin
Rotorua District Okataina ⓘ Mount Tarawera	Ewart et al. (1967)
Canterbury Region Christchurch City Banks Peninsula Lyttelton ⓘ Cass Peak	Speight (1907)
ⓘ Lyttelton Harbour	Marshal (1893)
ⓘ Teddington Quarry	Essence of Microscope
Kaikoura District ⓘ Tapuaenuku Plutonic Complex	Suggate et al. (1978) +2 other references
ⓘ Chatham Islands	Hay et al. (1970) +4 other references
Otago Region Dunedin City Otago Peninsula ⓘ Dunedin Volcano	Turner et al. (1960) +7 other references
Portobello ⓘ Pudding Island	Graham et al. (2018)
Queenstown-Lakes District Makarora ⓘ Alpine Dyke Swarm	Cooper (2020)
Waikato Region Taupo District Atiamuri ⓘ Ongaroto Road	Chernet
Lake Taupo ⓘ Wharewaka	Chernet
Poihipi Road ⓘ Roadcut Section	Collection of RJ Martin
ⓘ Scarp Section	Collection of RJ Martin
Thames-Coromandel District Hikuai ⓘ Tairua River boulder bank	Moore (1979)

Nicaragua
Chinandega Department Chinandega ⓘ San Cristóbal Volcano (Chinandega Volcano)	dan weinrich

Niger
Agadez ⓘ Todra and Tin Taralle Volcanic Field	Black +3 other references

Nigeria
Bauchi Ningi Kalato ⓘ Tibchi complex	Sakoma et al. (2002)

North Korea
Kangwon Province Pyonggang County ⓘ Abdong Zr-Nb deposit (Aptong; Apdong)	Kim et al. (2023)
North Hamgyong Province Kyonghung County ⓘ Cheung-san	Sadanaga & Bunno (1973)
ⓘ Myongchon County	University of Tokyo collection +1 other reference
Ryanggang Province Samjiyon City ⓘ Paektu Mountain	Abstracts of the Eighth International Conference on Geochronology and Isotope Geology (1994)

North Macedonia
Bogdanci Municipality ⓘ Mrdaja Dike	Stojanov
Delčevo Municipality ⓘ Dzvegor village	Färber (n.d.)
Demir Kapija Municipality ⓘ Kurešnička Krasta	Terzić +5 other references
Kavadarci Municipality Bojančište ⓘ Aramiska Peštera Cave	Temovski (2016)
Ržanovo Allchar ⓘ Crven Dol	Boev et al. (2015)
Kumanovo Municipality ⓘ Mlado Nagoričane	Tomič +4 other references
Sveti Nikole Municipality ⓘ Ježevo Brdo	Terzić +5 other references
ⓘ Ovce Polje occurrence	Tomič +1 other reference
Veles Municipality ⓘ Kishino	Prelević et al. (2008) +1 other reference

Northwest Africa Meteorites
ⓘ Northwest Africa 7034 Martian meteorite (NWA 7034; Black beauty)	www.sciencemag.org (2013)

Norway
ⓘ Jan Mayen Island	Scharizer (1884)

Oman
Muscat Governorate ⓘ Muscat Area	Al-Harthy et al. (1991) +1 other reference

Papua New Guinea
Milne Bay Province ⓘ Southeastern Papua Complex	Smith (1972)
Morobe Province Hidden Valley Gold Silver Mine ⓘ Hamata Pit	Denwer et al. (1998)
New Ireland Province Tabar Group ⓘ Simberi Island	Johnson et al. (1976) +2 other references

Paraguay
Amambay Department ⓘ Cerro Chiriguelo (Cerro Corá)	Haggerty et al. (1983) +1 other reference
ⓘ Cerro Sarambí	Haggerty et al. (1983)
Guairá Department ⓘ Mbocayaty	Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
ⓘ Ybytyruzú	Presser et al. (2014)

Peru
Ayacucho ⓘ Inmaculada deposit	portergeo.com.au (2022)
Puno Carabaya Province ⓘ Macusani Uranium deposits (Quenamari Meseta)	Li (2016)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Dzierżoniów County Gmina Niemcza ⓘ Gilów	Lis et al. (1986)
Kłodzko County Gmina Lądek-Zdrój ⓘ Lądek Zdrój	Lis et al. (1986)
Gmina Stronie Śląskie ⓘ Stójków Dike	Wierzchołowski (Middle Sudetes)
Lwówek Śląski County Gmina Wleń ⓘ Bełczyna	Lis et al. (1986)
Wałbrzych County Gmina Głuszyca Grzmiąca ⓘ Mount Gomólnik Mały ?	Lis et al. (1986)
Zgorzelec County Bogatynia ⓘ Trachyandesite occurrence	Grahmann R. (1937)
Opole Voivodeship Opole County Gmina Niemodlin Gracze ⓘ Sanidine and pyroxene hornfels outcrops	Szeliga (2004)
Podlaskie Voivodeship ⓘ Tajno alkaline-carbonatite massif	Grabarczyk et al. (2022)
Silesian Voivodeship Bytom Bobrek ⓘ Bobrek heap	Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD data +3 other references

Portugal
Azores Faial Horta ⓘ Caldeira Volcano	Zanon et al. (2013)
Pico ⓘ Pico Volcano	Weston (1964) +4 other references
São Miguel ⓘ Água de Pau Volcano	King (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lake Fogo	- (n.d.)
Ribeira Grande ⓘ Pumice quarry	Ternes (1999)
ⓘ Ruins of Lombadas syenite xenolith occurrence	Cámara et al. (2017)
Vila Franca do Campo Monte Escuro ⓘ Monte Escuro quarry	Alves (n.d.)
ⓘ Terceira	Weston (1964) +6 other references
Faro Monchique Monchique Nave ⓘ Lugar da Nave quarry	PIMENTEL et al. (2006)
Lisbon Sintra Pêro Pinheiro e Montelavar Almargem do Bispo ⓘ Negrais	Alexandre Pedroso collection
Madeira Madeira Island Funchal São Martinho ⓘ Pico da Cruz	Alves (n.d.)
Machico Porto da Cruz ⓘ Terra do Baptista gabbro outcrop	Alves (n.d.)
ⓘ Porto Santo Island	Morais +2 other references

Romania
Brașov County ⓘ Racoş (Racoşul de Jos)	Szakáll
ⓘ Basalt quarry	Szakáll et al. (2010)
Timiș Gătaia ⓘ Sumiga Hill	Seghedi I. (2006)

Russia
Buryatia Zakamensky District ⓘ Naryn-Gol Creek sapphire placer deposit	Aseeva et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk coal basin	Cesnokov et al. (1998)
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) Second scoria cone ⓘ Arsenatnaya fumarole	Pekov et al. (2019) +6 other references
ⓘ Glavnaya Tenoritovaya fumarole (Major Tenorite)	Pekov et al. (2019)
ⓘ Yadovitaya fumarole	Pekov et al. (2020)
ⓘ Mountain 1004	Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
ⓘ Southern fumarole field	Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
ⓘ Western paleo-fumarole field	Pekov et al. (2025)
ⓘ Yagodninskoe zeolite deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1984)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Khibiny Massif	...
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	...
Primorsky Krai ⓘ Yakut-Gora volcanic depression	Grebennikov (2011)
Republic of Karelia ⓘ Lake Jänisjärvi	Zamiatina et al. (2022)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Abyysky District ⓘ Kuranakh ore field	Trunilina et al. (2021)
Aldan ⓘ Ryabinoviy pipe	Chayka +9 other references
ⓘ Kildyam volcano complex	Kostin (2020) +1 other reference
Selennyakh range Tommot river ⓘ Somnitelnyi Massif	Trunilina et al. (2022)
ⓘ Tommotskii Massif	Trunilina et al. (2022)
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Kudriavy volcano	Africano et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Zabaykalsky Krai Nerchinsky District Adun-Cholon Range ⓘ Sherlova Gora	Kasatkin et al. (2014)

Saudi Arabia
Medina Region ⓘ Harrats Khaybar	Baker et al. (1973) +1 other reference

Serbia
Central Serbia Kolubara District Valjevo ⓘ Mionica occurrence	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Zabrdica Volcanic Field	Cvetković et al. (2004) +2 other references
Moravica District Gornji Milanovac ⓘ Borač Volcanic Complex	Cvetkovic et al. (2000) +3 other references
ⓘ Ozrem occurrence	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rudnik Mine (Mount Rudnik; Rudnik Deposit)	Mineco Limited
Pčinja District Bujanovac ⓘ Klinovac occurrence	Altherr et al. (2004) +2 other references
Preševo ⓘ Šiljati Kamen occurrences	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Zaječar District Boljevac ⓘ Bogovina occurrence	Glišic +2 other references

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region ⓘ Banská Štiavnica District	Ďuďa R. et al. (1993)
Lučenec District Čamovce ⓘ Unnamed stone quarry	Huraiová et al. (2019)
Pinciná ⓘ Pinciná maar	M. Huraiova et al.
Žarnovica District Nová Baňa ⓘ Nová Baňa deposit	Koděra (1986)
Tekovská Breznica ⓘ Brehy quarry	Koděra (1986)
Žiar nad Hronom District Hliník nad Hronom ⓘ Hliník nad Hronom rhyolite quarry	Koděra (1986)
Kremnica ⓘ Kremnica Au-Ag deposit	Ďuďa (1993)
ⓘ Sklené Teplice	Koděra (1986)
Prešov Region Prešov District Záhradné ⓘ Záhradné quarry	Myšľan et al. (2024)
Vranov nad Topľou District Vechec ⓘ Vechec quarry	Ďuďa +1 other reference

South Africa
Free State Lejweleputswa District Municipality Tokologo Local Municipality Boshof ⓘ Rovic Mine	Smyth (1977)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Kgetlengrivier Local Municipality Swartruggens ⓘ Helam Mine	Field et al. (2008)

South Korea
ⓘ Jeju Province	You et al. (2024)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora ⓘ Los Lobos	Calvo (2018)
ⓘ Volcanica quarry	Calvo (2018)
Níjar ⓘ El Hoyazo	D. Joan Rosell
Vera ⓘ Cabezo Maria Volcanic Field	essai de synthese. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (3) +9 other references
Granada Colomera ⓘ Colomera meteorite	Takeda et al. (2003)
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province ⓘ Fuerteventura	Coello et al. (92) +9 other references
ⓘ Fuerteventura Basal Complex	Barrera J.L. et al. (1981)
ⓘ Esquinzo ultra-alkaline complex	J. Mangas & F. J. Pérez Torrado et al. (1997) +1 other reference
ⓘ Puerto de la Peña - Cueva de Lobos area	J. Mangas & F. J. Pérez Torrado et al. (1997)
Gran Canaria Arucas ⓘ Montaña Cardones	Hernandez-Pacheco et al. (1969)
ⓘ Montaña de Arucas	Hernandez-Pacheco et al. (1969)
Lanzarote Haría ⓘ Famara cliff	Strasser et al. (2006)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province ⓘ La Palma	Mitchell-Thomé (1976) +4 other references
Tenerife Santa Cruz de Tenerife ⓘ Benijo Beach	Analyzed by XRD by Dr. Joan Vinals (Barcelona)
Castile-La Mancha Albacete Hellín ⓘ Cancarix lamproite intrusion	Venturelli et al. (1984) +2 other references
ⓘ Cerro Negro	Linthout et al. (1993)
ⓘ Sierra de las Cabras	Salvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)
Catalonia Girona Bescanó ⓘ Crosa de Sant Dalmai volcano	Joan Rosell (2021)
Olot ⓘ Croscat volcano	Guiomar Calvo Sevillano (2008)
ⓘ Puig de la Garrinada Volcano
Santa Pau ⓘ Rocanegra volcano	Guiomar Calvo Sevillano (2008)
Murcia Calasparra ⓘ Calasparra Intrusion	Nobel +5 other references
Cartagena ⓘ Cabezo Negro plug	Fernandez et al. (1972) +2 other references
La Aljorra ⓘ Aljorra lamproitic pipe	Pellicer (1973) +2 other references
ⓘ La Aljorra Quarries	Sevillan et al. (2009)
Tallante Cabezo Negro de Tallante ⓘ Basalt outcrop (2)	Capedri et al. (1989)
Fortuna ⓘ Pitón de Cerros Negros Intrusion	essai de synthese. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (3) +5 other references
ⓘ El Tale dike	essai de synthese. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (3) +6 other references
Jumilla ⓘ La Celia lamproite outcrops	Nobel +11 other references
ⓘ Nuestra Señora del Carmen Mines	Salvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)
Moratalla ⓘ Cerro del Monagrillo occurrence	Nobel +3 other references
Mula ⓘ Mula lamproite dike	Fuster et al. (1967) +2 other references
Murcia ⓘ Barqueros volcanic edifice	Fúster et al. (prov. de Murcia) +4 other references
Valencian Community Castellón Columbretes Islands ⓘ Isla Columbrete Grande	Aparicio et al. (western Mediterranean) +2 other references

Sri Lanka
Sabaragamuwa Province Ratnapura District Ratnapura ⓘ Gem gravels	Ceylon Aluvial Mine (Book, Co. 2002)

Sweden
Dalarna County ⓘ Älvdalen
Jönköping County Jönköping Gränna ⓘ Norra Kärr ?	Thulin (1996)
Östergötland County Ödeshög ⓘ Lakarp (Lakarp-Norra Kärr)	Thulin (1996)

Switzerland
Schaffhausen Bargen ⓘ Oberbargen	Stalder et al. (1998)
Ticino Lugano Riva San Vitale ⓘ Monte San Giorgio	Stalder et al. (1998)

Syria
As-Suwayda Governorate ⓘ Harrat Ash Shaam Plateau	Guba et al. (1988) +8 other references

Taiwan
Hualien County Shoufeng Township ⓘ Fengtien nephrite belt	Zhengzhang Tao (1992)

Tanzania
Arusha region Ngorongoro District ⓘ Ol Doinyo Lengai	Mattsson et al. (2010)
ⓘ Sadiman volcano	Zaitsev A.N. et al. (2010) +2 other references

Thailand
Kanchanaburi Province Bo Phloi District ⓘ Bo Phloi	Part II +2 other references
ⓘ Gem mines	Srithai (2005, November)

Turkey
Afyon Province ⓘ Kirka-Afyon-Suhut-Isparta Volcanic Field	Keller et al. (1972) +6 other references
Amasya Province Amasya City ⓘ Amasya Volcanic Field	Eyuboglu et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Ankara Province Beypazari District ⓘ Beypazarı trona deposit	Helvaci (1998)
Balikesir Province Bigadiç District ⓘ Tumanpınarı deposit	Gultekin et al. (2016)
Bayburt Province Bayburt ⓘ Everek Hanlari Volcanic Field	Altherr et al. (2008) +3 other references
Burdur Province Bucak District ⓘ Bucak Lava Field	Lefevre et al. (1983) +4 other references
Çanakkale Province Ayvacık District ⓘ Tuzla geothermal field	Kiray et al. (2025)
Eskişehir Province Beylikova District ⓘ Kizilcaören REE deposits (Kyzylkaoren)	Beylikahir-Eskişehir et al. (2-3) +4 other references
Seyitgazi District Kirka ⓘ Sarıkaya B deposit	Helvaci et al. (2000)
Sivrihisar District ⓘ Karaburhan Volcanic Field	Sarıfakıoğlu et al. (2009)
Isparta Province Gölcük District ⓘ Gölcük Maar Crater	Lefevre et al. (1983) +7 other references
İzmir Province Urla District ⓘ Urla Volcanic field	Innocenti et al. (1972)
Kütahya Province Emet District Emet Borate deposit ⓘ Emet Eti Bor Mine ("Killik Mine"; "Kilik Mine"; Espey mine)	Helvaci et al. (2000)
Manisa Province Soma District ⓘ Yayladalı deposit	Kumral et al. (2022)
Niğde Province Ulukisla District ⓘ Esendemirtepe-Koçak	Sunkari et al. (2025)
Trabzon Province ⓘ Eastern Pontides Volcanic Province	Arslan et al. (1997) +3 other references

Uganda
Western Region Kasese Katwe-Kikorongo volcanic field (Katwe volcanic field) ⓘ Murumuli crater	Stoppa et al. (2000)

UK
England Cornwall Falmouth ⓘ Pendennis Head	A. Hall (1982)
ⓘ Wolf Rock	doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800045581 +3 other references
Cumbria Eden Shap Rural ⓘ Wasdale Head	Day (1999)
Devon East Devon Budleigh Salterton ⓘ Littleham Bay	Pers Comm +1 other reference
ⓘ Epson Shoal occurrence	Miller et al. (1964) +1 other reference
Northern Ireland County Antrim Cushendall ⓘ Tieveragh	Chinner et al. (1973)
Scotland Argyll and Bute Isle of Mull ⓘ Gribun dike	B.G.J. Upton et al.
ⓘ Sithean Sluaigh	Smith (1965)
East Lothian ⓘ Fidra	H. Downes et al. Lithos 58 2001 ...
Highland Caol and Mallaig ⓘ Isle of Eigg	...
ⓘ An Sgurr	J.Ralph visual identification 2009.
Isle of Muck ⓘ Camas Mor Intrusion	Tilley (1947)
North Ayrshire ⓘ Holy Island	Tyrrell (1928) +1 other reference
Outer Hebrides Isle of Lewis and Harris Lewis ⓘ Loch Roag	Livingstone et al. (2018)
Perth and Kinross Comrie ⓘ Comrie contact aureole	Helmers et al. (1988)
Scottish Borders Teviothead ⓘ Teviothead Volcanic Complex	Elliot et al. (eds) +15 other references

Ukraine
Kirovohrad Oblast ⓘ Boltysh Crater	Gurov et al. (2015)
Zakarpattia Oblast Khust Raion ⓘ Sokyrnytsya deposit	Melnikov et al. (2006)

United States Minor Outlying Islands
ⓘ Wake Island	Natland et al. (1976) +1 other reference

USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Chiricahua National Monument	Enlows (1955) +1 other reference
Peloncillo Mountains Peloncillo Mining District ⓘ Cottonwood Canyon	Anthony et al. (1995)
Sulphur Springs Valley Pearce Hills Pearce Mining District Pearce ⓘ Commonwealth Mine	Howell (1977)
Coconino County San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts) San Francisco Mountain ⓘ Fremont Peak area occurrence	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Navajo County	...
Pima County ⓘ Batamote Mountains	Anthony et al. (1995)
Sierrita Mountains Papago Mining District (Sierrita Mining District) ⓘ Gunsight Mountain	[var: Barium-Sanidine] Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Yavapai County Bradshaw Mountains (Bradshaw Range) Castle Creek Mining District ⓘ Abe Lincoln Mine (Cumbac Mine; Andrew Jackson Mine; Tom Jefferson Mine; Copper No. 2 claim; Copper No. 1 Patented claim)	Granger (1962)
Arkansas Garland County ⓘ Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)	www.handbookofmineralogy.org (2012)
Union Carbide Mine ⓘ North Wilson pit	Pabst (1979)
Hot Spring County ⓘ Magnet Cove	Eby et al. (2025)
ⓘ Jones Mill Quarry	Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
California Alpine County Monitor - Mogul Mining District Loope (Monitor; Loopeville) Colorado Hill ⓘ Advance Mine (Zaca Mine; Zaca group; North Advance Mine; Collosus Mine; Colorado No. 2 Mine; Tarshish Mine)	- (2005)
Calaveras County East Belt Mokelumne Hill Mining District Mokelumne Hill ⓘ Garamendi Quarry	- (2005)
Inyo County Bishop Mining District (Tungsten Hills Mining District) Bishop ⓘ Unspecified Feldspar occurrence [2]	Gilbert (1938) +2 other references
Panamint Range (Panamint Mountains) Panamint Mining District (Ballarat Mining District) Panamint (old Panamint) ⓘ Little Chief Granite Dome	Geol. Soc. of America Bulletin
Los Angeles County Puente Hills ⓘ Pomona-Spadra area	Sharp (1959) +2 other references
Mono County Mono Craters ⓘ Southern Coulee	Loney (1968) +2 other references
Colorado Boulder County ⓘ West Sugarloaf Mountain	Eckel et al. (1997)
Chaffee County Browns Canyon Mining District ⓘ Alderman deposit	Eckel et al. (1997)
Nathrop ⓘ Ruby Mountain	USGS Bull 1716C +1 other reference
ⓘ Poncha Springs	Eckel et al. (1997)
Custer County Rosita Mining District ⓘ Knickerbocker Hill	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Silver Cliff Mining District	Eckel et al. (1997)
Douglas County Castle Rock Area ⓘ Wall Mountain Tuff	Eckel et al. (1997)
El Paso County Crystal Park ⓘ Cameron Cone	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Pikes Peak	Muntyan et al. (1985)
Gunnison County Dorchester Mining District Taylor Park ⓘ Italian Mountain	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Ragged Mountain	Eckel et al. (1997)
Hinsdale County Galena Mining District (Henson Creek Mining District) ⓘ Pride of America Mine	Sanford et al. (1986)
Jefferson County Morrison Area Morrison quadrangle ⓘ Shonkinite	Eckel et al. (1997)
La Plata County La Plata Mining District (California Mining District) La Plata ⓘ Copper Hill Mine	- (2005)
Lake County Alicante ⓘ Chalk Mountain Occurrence	Eckel et al. (1997)
Larimer County ⓘ Specimen Mountain	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ State Line Kimberlite Mining District	Eckel et al. (1997)
Park County ⓘ Harris Park	Eckel et al. (1997)
Rio Grande County ⓘ South Mountain	Eckel et al. (1997)
Summitville Summitville Mine ⓘ Aztec Mine	Holmes et al. (1983)
Routt County ⓘ Twentymile Park Mining District	Eckel et al. (1997)
San Juan County Animas Mining District Silverton Sultan Mountain ⓘ Mineral Creek Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Summit County ⓘ Chalk Mountain	Personally Collected by Dr. Scott ...
ⓘ Kokomo-Tenmile area	Eckel et al. (1997)
Teller County ⓘ Cripple Creek Mining District	Carnein et al. (2005)
Georgia Wilkes County ⓘ Rayle	Cook (1978)
Hawaii Kauai County Kauai Island ⓘ Koloa Volcanic Series	Macdonald et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Idaho Fremont County ⓘ Ashton	AmMin 61:405 (1976) +1 other reference
Lemhi County Eureka Mining District Salmon ⓘ E-Dah-How claims (Leesburg U Inc.; Donna Lou; Skyline)	- (2005)
Owyhee County De Lamar Mining District ⓘ De Lamar Mine	Collins (2012)
Kansas ⓘ Woodson County	AmMin 71:60
Maine Aroostook County Monticello ⓘ Sugar Loaf Mountain	King et al. (1994)
Massachusetts Essex County ⓘ Salem	Gleba (2008)
ⓘ Coney Island
Michigan ⓘ Iron County	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Mansfield Township Lake Ellen ⓘ Lake Ellen Kimberlite prospect	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Ontonagon County ⓘ Bergland rhyolite	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Montana Cascade County Highwood Mountains ⓘ Comb Butte	[var: Barium-Sanidine]
Chouteau County Highwood Mountains ⓘ Lamproitic dike	Kuehner et al. (2003, June)
ⓘ Shonkin Sag laccolith	A differentiated alkaline intrusion +2 other references
Flathead County Hog Heaven Mining District (Flathead Mining District) Kofford Ridge ⓘ Flathead Mine (Hog Heaven Project)	Ray Lasmanis +1 other reference
Garfield County ⓘ Smoky Butte (Smoky Butte Lamproite)	Velde (1975) +1 other reference
Hill County ⓘ Bearpaw Mountains	www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
Big Sandy Creek ⓘ Vermiculite prospect No. 6	Pecora et al. (1953)
ⓘ ~~Pegmatite Peak~~	Pecora (1942)
ⓘ Bowery Peak carbonatite complex	Oyelayo et al. (2026)
Judith Basin County Barker Mining District Hughesville ⓘ Block P Mine	Rocks & Min.: 14: 111.
Lewis and Clark County Seven-Up Pete Mining District ⓘ McDonald Meadows Occurrence	Szarkowski (2019)
Meagher County ⓘ Gordon Butte	Chakhmouradian et al. (2002)
Silver Bow County ⓘ Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District)	Guilbert and Zeihen +1 other reference
Nevada Churchill County ⓘ Fairview Mining District	Castor et al. (2004)
Elko County Gold Circle Mining District (Midas Mining District) ⓘ Midas Mine (Reco Mine; Big Chief group; King Midas claim; Dixie claim)	Leavitt et al. (2004)
Wendover Mining District ⓘ Alternate U.S. 93	Castor et al. (2004)
Eureka County Modarelli-Frenchie Creek Mining District ⓘ Modarelli mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Lander County Battle Mountain Mining District Copper Canyon mine ⓘ West orebody	Castor et al. (2004)
Bullion Mining District ⓘ Robertson - Triplet Project	Mankins (2022)
Cortez Mining District ⓘ Caetano tuff	Henry et al. (2023)
ⓘ Cortez gold mine	Henry et al. (2023)
ⓘ Izenhood Mining District	Fries
ⓘ Izzenhood Ranch	- (2005)
ⓘ Mayflower claim (East Shaft)	- (2005) +1 other reference
ⓘ Modoc No. 6 claim (West Shaft)	Stewart et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Lincoln County Eagle Valley Mining District ⓘ NBMG Sample Location 1708	- (2005)
Quinn Canyon Range Eagle Valley Mining District ⓘ Deer Lodge Canyon Shaft	- (2005)
Nye County Bare Mountain Bare Mountain Mining District (Fluorine Mining District) Sterling Mine (Ambrose pit; Panama Mine; 144 Zone; Mary-Goldspar claim block [to the north [2004]]; Ambrose open pit; NBMG sample sites 1013 & 1014) ⓘ 144 Zone deposit	Fischer et al. (2020)
Kawich Range ⓘ Bellehelen Mining District	Castor et al. (2004)
Nevada volcanic field ⓘ Ammonia Tanks tuff	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Oasis Valley	Macdonald et al. (2019)
ⓘ Silent Canyon volcanic center	Noble et al. (1968)
Pershing County Antelope Mining District ⓘ Majuba Hill Mine	Jensen (1993)
Washoe County ⓘ Chimney Spring tuff	Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Nine Hill tuff	Castor et al. (2004)
White Pine County Robinson Mining District Ely ⓘ Garnet Hill	Castor et al. (2004)
New Jersey Hunterdon County Delaware Township Brookville ⓘ Brookville syenite deposit	Amer. Jour. of Sci.:262:1119-1123 (Nov 64)
New Mexico Bernalillo County ⓘ Cerro Colorado	Northrop et al. (1996)
Catron County Taylor Creek Mining District Sawmill Creek ⓘ Unnamed prospects	NMGS 37th Field Conference
ⓘ Squaw Creek Mine	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Wilcox Mining District Haystack Mtn. area ⓘ Lone Star Mine	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Cibola County ⓘ Marmon ranch	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Mount Taylor region	Northrop et al. (1996)
Colfax County ⓘ Cimarron Range	Northrop et al. (1996)
Doña Ana County ⓘ Doña Ana Mountain [and Gold Camp] Mining Districts	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Foster Canyon	- (2005)
ⓘ Kilbourne Hole	Grew (1977)
Grant County ⓘ Central Mining District (Bayard District)	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Copperas Creek	Ratté (2008)
ⓘ Eureka Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Pinos Altos Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Rabb Canyon	Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Hidalgo County Pyramid Mountains ⓘ Lordsburg Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Lincoln County ⓘ Nogal Mining District	Tommy B. Thompson (1973)
ⓘ Los Alamos County	Northrop et al. (1996)
Luna County ⓘ Cookes Peak Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
McKinley County ⓘ Outlet Neck	Northrop et al. (1996)
Todilto Park ⓘ Beelzebub	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Zilditloi Mountain	Minerals of Colorado (1997)
Otero County Orogrande Mining District (Jarilla Mining District) Orogrande ⓘ Rusted Revolver Prospect	XRD data from the New Mexico Bureau of ...
Rio Arriba County ⓘ Abiquiu District	Northrop et al. (1996)
San Juan County ⓘ Narbona Pass	Northrop et al. (1996)
Shiprock ⓘ Shiprock diatreme	New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook
Sandoval County ⓘ Cochiti District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Jemez Springs District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Santa Fe County ⓘ Cerrillos District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Old Placers District ⓘ Cunningham mine	Maynard (2014)
Sierra County ⓘ 74 Draw deposits	Jerry Cone Collection
ⓘ Black Range	Maxwell et al. (1986)
ⓘ Lake Valley	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Mimbres Range	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Monticello Tin District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Willow Springs Draw	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ New Mexico Highway 1 roadcut	Gibbs (2013)
Paramount Canyon ⓘ Beryllium Virgin claim	Henderson (1989)
ⓘ Taylor Creek Tin Mining District (Black Range Tin District)	Northrop et al. (1996)
Socorro County ⓘ Luis Lopez Manganese District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Red Canyon	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Magdalena Mining District	Gibbs (1989)
ⓘ Oak Spring area	Loughlin et al. (1942) +1 other reference
ⓘ San Jose District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Socorro Peak Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Taos County No Agua Mining District ⓘ Brushy Mountain	Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline
New York St. Lawrence County Clifton Star Lake Benson ⓘ Benson Mines	Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference
ⓘ North Carolina
Halifax County ⓘ Rhyolite Dikes	Philip M. Brown
ⓘ Warren County	Geology of the Fall Zone Region along ...
	Stoddard et al. (1992)
Northern Mariana Islands ⓘ West Rota Caldera	Leybourne et al. (2026)
Oregon Douglas County ⓘ Lemolo Lake Quarry	Micro Probe Volume X Number 2
ⓘ San Juan Mountains	Eckel et al. (1997)
South Dakota Lawrence County ⓘ Bear Town	Roberts et al. (1965)
Galena Mining District Galena ⓘ Gilt Edge Mine (Rattlesnake Jack; Dakota Maid; Ruby Ridge; Gilt Edge Glory Hole; Oro-Fina; Anchor Hill Mines 0460810072)	Willard Lincoln Roberts
ⓘ Mineral Hill	Roberts et al. (1965)
Texas Brewster County ⓘ Unspecified Graphite occurrence [1]	Smith (1991)
Jeff Davis County Fort Davis Limpia Canyon ⓘ Texas Highway 118 roadcuts	Norman King
Llano County Kingsland Granite Company Quarry (Petrick Quarry) ⓘ Petrick pegmatite	Collected by Franklin Roberts
Presidio County ⓘ Presidio	Smith (1991)
Utah Beaver County San Francisco Mountains Preuss Mining District (Newhouse Mining District) ⓘ Blackbird group	Bullock (1981)
ⓘ Cactus Mine	Bullock (1981)
Juab County Sevier Bridge Reservoir Area ⓘ Azomite Welded Tuff Deposit East No. 5	- (2005)
Thomas Range ⓘ Eagles Nest Claim	Collected by Joe Marty
Pismire Knolls ⓘ Lookout prospect	Microprobe 7:9 pp 12-14
ⓘ Maynard's Mine	Ream (1979)
ⓘ SK Star Claim #2	Patrick Lahr
ⓘ Solar Wind claim
Spor Mountain Mining District ⓘ Evening Star prospect	Bullock (1981)
ⓘ Starvation Canyon	Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ Red Beryl Pit	Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ Topaz Mountain	Bullock (1981)
ⓘ Autunite No. 8 claim	Am.Min.: 45: 39-52
ⓘ The Cove (Topaz Valley)	Holfert et al. (1996)
Millard County ⓘ Dragon Mine	Dana 6:1092.
ⓘ Shoebridge Mine	Dana 6: 1092.
Piute County ⓘ Bixbyite occurrence north of Marysvale	Ron Layton
Summit County Woodland ⓘ Moon Canyon	Best et al. (1968)
Tooele County Ophir Mining District Ophir ⓘ Ophir Coalition Mine	Bullock (1981)
ⓘ Ophir Hill Consolidated Mine	Bullock (1981)
ⓘ Wah Wah Mountains	...
Washington Okanogan County Wauconda Mining District ⓘ American Flag Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
ⓘ Silver Bell Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Skamania County ⓘ Washougal Basalt Rock Quarry ?	Zach Capel
Stevens County Springdale Mining District Allen Clay Property ⓘ Read Mine	Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Wisconsin Lafayette County New Diggings area mines ⓘ Thompson Mine (Fields-Thompson Mine)	Marvin et al. (1988)
Marathon County ⓘ Wausau Intrusive Complex	Falster (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ "Rotten granite" quarries	Falster (1987)
Nine Mile Pluton ⓘ Beilke Quarry	Thomas Buchholz
Wyoming Crook County Bear Lodge alkaline igneous complex ⓘ Bull Hill nepheline-syenite deposit (Bull Hill carbonatite; Bear Lodge carbonatite)	Hutchinson et al. (2022)
Goshen County ⓘ Goshen Hole Rim	Izett et al. (1968)
Sweetwater County ⓘ Leucite Hills Mining District	Kuehner et al. (1981)
ⓘ Cabin Butte (Osborn Mesa)	Kemp et al. (1903)
ⓘ Emmons Mesa	Mitchell et al. (1991)
ⓘ Iddings Butte	Kemp et al. (1903)
ⓘ North Table Mountain	Mitchell et al. (1991)
ⓘ South Table Mountain	Mitchell (1990)
ⓘ Spring Butte (Orenda Mesa)	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Twin Rocks (Badgers Teeth)	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Zirkel Mesa	Mitchell (1990)
Teton County Moran ⓘ Glade Creek	Iddings et al. (1892)

Uzbekistan
Namangan Region ⓘ Aktepe Deposit	Volkov (1999)
Navoiy Central Kyzylkum Region Bukantau Mountains ⓘ Karashoho pipe	Golovko et al. (2010)

Vanuatu
Tanna Island ⓘ Louniel Beach	Coulon et al. (New Hebrides)

Vietnam
Đắk Nông Province ⓘ Dak Nong placers	Izokh +6 other references

Yemen
Dhamar Governorate ⓘ Mareya	Ali M. Al-Hawbani and Abubakr F. Maky (2018)
Saada Governorate ⓘ Sadah Volcanic Region	Grolier et al. (1978) +1 other reference

Mars
Aeolis quadrangle Gale Crater Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) Lower Mt. Sharp ⓘ Canaima drill site	Chipera et al. (2023)
Pahrump Hills ⓘ Buckskin	Morrison et al. (2024)
Aeolis Palus ⓘ Yellowknife Bay	Several papers on: Science Express
ⓘ Cumberland drill site	Morrison et al. (2024)
ⓘ John Klein drill site	Morrison et al. (2024)
ⓘ Rocknest eolian deposit	Morrison et al. (2024)

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Sanidine

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