test: cover sqlite statements after database close

[umuoy1]

This PR adds coverage for DatabaseSync closing behavior with existing prepared statements.

The tests verify that after close() or [Symbol.dispose]():

• database methods such as prepare() and exec() report that the database is not open
• existing StatementSync instances report that the statement has been finalized
• reopening the database does not make old statements usable again

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.64%. Comparing base (bac030c) to head (81d2d8f).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #62978      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.64%   89.64%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         706      706              
  Lines      219409   219409              
  Branches    42071    42072       +1     
==========================================
- Hits       196698   196689       -9     
- Misses      14609    14650      +41     
+ Partials     8102     8070      -32     

see 30 files with indirect coverage changes

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