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GDP density

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image
Gridded GDP density of the world (1990 and 2011)

GDP density is a measure of economic activity by area. It is expressed as gross domestic product per square kilometer and can be calculated by multiplying GDP per capita of an area by the population density of that area. Amongst other uses it demonstrates the effects of geography on economy.[1]

GDP density

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What is GDP density?

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GDP density refers to the distribution or intensity of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) within a particular area or population. GDP density could be interpreted as a measure of economic activity or output relative to the size of a region or population, often expressed as GDP per capita or GDP per unit of area.

GDP per capita

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The GDP per capita is a commonly utilized indicator to assess a nation's economic performance. It is calculated by dividing the total value of products and services produced in a nation during a given time period by the average population of that nation.[2] This measure, which is frequently used to compare the economic success of various countries, sheds light on the average economic output per person in a specific nation. GDP per capita typically denotes a higher standard of life because it shows that the nation's citizens have more resources and GDP density.

GDP per unit area

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GDP per unit area refers to the geographical distribution of Gross Domestic Product within a country. It analyzes how economic output is spread across different regions, provinces, states, or territories within a nation. Understanding GDP geographic distribution is essential for policymakers, businesses, and researchers as it provides insights into regional disparities in economic development and helps identify areas that may require targeted interventions or investment. Policymakers can identify economically underperforming regions and may need to implement tailored policies to promote growth and development by analyzing the geographic distribution of GDP. By identifying the areas of concentrated economic activity, it also assists firms in making well-informed decisions regarding the allocation of resources and market prospects. Additionally, trends of urbanization, economic resiliency, and regional growth are studied by scholars using geographic GDP density data.

Fluctuations in GDP density

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Academic discussions have highlighted two significant reasons why typical households might not benefit proportionally from economic growth. These reasons revolve around discrepancies between GDP per capita and median household income, shedding light on challenges in accurately measuring and interpreting economic indicators.[2] The first reason centers on differences in measurement between GDP per capita, derived from national accounts, and median household income, based on household surveys. Despite efforts by organizations like the OECD and EU to align income measures with national accounts concepts, disparities persist due to methodological variations and mismeasurement. Empirical studies reveal substantial disparities between mean per capita income from national accounts and household surveys across various countries. The second reason gaining attention is the widening income inequality, where a significant portion of national income growth concentrates at the top of the income distribution. This trend results in minimal increases in the median income. Empirical studies, primarily focused on countries like the USA and the UK, underscore the impact of income inequality on household income dynamics.

Effect on poverty levels

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Geographical detectors have been used, especially in rural poverty contexts, to systematically measure the individual and interacting influences of numerous factors on changes in GDP density. This investigation has found the ideal qualities of important variables that support GDP density growth.[3] Furthermore, a better comprehension of the GDP density differentiation mechanism in rural poverty has been gained. Sufficient reasons for changes in GDP density in rural poverty have been established, based on variables like elevation, average yearly temperature, land use, normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), and distance to main roadways. Crucially, it has been noted that these impact factors have interactive impacts on GDP density, with synergistic effects frequently producing nonlinear consequences and mutual enhancement.

List of countries by GDP density

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GDP forecast or estimate (million US$) by country
Country/Territory IMF GDP 2025 (million) Land area (km) GDP per km2
Image United States 30,615,743 9,525,067 3,214,229
Image China[n 1] 19,398,577 9,596,960 2,021,325
Image Germany 5,013,574 357,581 14,020,806
Image Japan 4,279,828 377,915 11,324,843
Image India 4,125,213 3,287,263 1,254,908
Image United Kingdom 3,958,780 244,376 16,199,545
Image France 3,361,557 551,500 (metropolitan) 6,095,298
Image Italy 2,543,677 302,068 8,420,875
Image Russia 2,540,656 17,098,246 148,592
Image Canada 2,283,599 9,984,670 228,711
Image Brazil 2,256,910 8,510,346 265,196
Image Spain 1,891,371 505,370 3,742,547
Image Mexico 1,862,740 1,964,375 948,261
Image South Korea 1,858,572 100,432 18,505,775
Image Australia 1,829,508 7,741,220 236,333
Image Turkey 1,565,471 783,562 1,997,890
Image Indonesia 1,443,256 1,904,569 757,786
Image Netherlands 1,320,635 41,865 31,545,085
Image Saudi Arabia 1,268,535 2,149,690 590,101
Image Poland 1,039,619 312,685 3,324,813
Image Switzerland 1,002,666 41,291 24,282,919
Image Taiwan 884,387 35,980 24,579,961
Image Belgium 716,980 30,528 23,485,980
Image Ireland 708,771 70,273 10,085,965
Image Argentina 683,371 2,780,400 245,782
Image Sweden 662,318 450,295 1,470,854
Image Israel 610,752 21,937 27,841,182
Image Singapore 574,185 740 775,925,676
Image United Arab Emirates 569,097 83,600 6,807,380
Image Austria 566,456 83,878 6,753,332
Image Thailand 558,573 513,120 1,088,582
Image Norway 517,102 386,224 1,338,866
Image Philippines 494,158 300,000 1,647,193
Image Vietnam 484,726 331,340 1,462,926
Image Bangladesh 475,011 148,460 3,199,589
Image Malaysia 470,572 330,621 1,423,297
Image Denmark 459,612 42,947 10,701,842
Image Colombia 438,121 1,138,910 384,684
Image Hong Kong 428,233 1,114 384,410,233
Image South Africa 426,383 1,219,090 349,755
Image Romania 422,508 238,398 1,772,280
Image Pakistan 410,495 882,363 465,222
Image Czech Republic 383,384 78,871 4,860,899
Image Iran 356,513 1,648,195 216,305
Image Egypt 349,264 1,001,450 348,758
Image Chile 347,174 756,102 459,163
Image Portugal 337,936 92,225 3,664,256
Image Peru 318,480 1,285,216 247,803
Image Finland 314,724 338,145 930,737
Image Kazakhstan 300,052 2,724,910 110,114
Image Algeria 288,013 2,381,741 120,925
Image Nigeria 285,003 923,768 308,522
Image Greece 282,019 131,957 2,137,204
Image Iraq 265,455 438,317 605,623
Image New Zealand 262,909 268,838 977,946
Image Hungary 247,759 93,025 2,663,359
Image Qatar 222,119 11,586 19,171,327
Image Ukraine 209,713 575,627 364,321
Image Cuba 201,986 (2023) 109,884 1,838,175
Image Morocco 179,612 446,550 402,221
Image Kuwait 157,469 17,818 8,837,636
Image Slovakia 154,587 50,310 7,625,265
Image Uzbekistan 137,480 447,400 307,287
Image Kenya 136,014 580,367 234,359
Image Ecuador 130,529 283,561 460,321
Image Dominican Republic 129,748 48,670 2,665,872
Image Bulgaria 127,924 110,879 1,153,726
Image Puerto Rico 126,546 9,100 13,906,154
Image Guatemala 120,850 108,889 1,109,846
Image Angola 115,167 1,246,700 92,377
Image Ghana 111,963 238,537 469,374
Image Ethiopia 109,492 1,104,300 99,151
Image Oman 105,190 309,500 339,871
Image Croatia 103,901 56,594 1,835,901
Image Costa Rica 102,637 51,180 2,005,412
Image Luxembourg 100,642 2,586 38,918,020
Image Serbia 100,048 88,499 1,130,499
Image Ivory Coast 99,207 322,462 307,655
Image Sri Lanka 98,964 (2024) 67,240 1,471,802
Image Lithuania 95,274 65,286 1,459,333
Image Panama 90,408 75,320 1,200,319
Image Tanzania 87,444 947,303 92,308
Image Belarus 85,739 207,600 413,001
Image Uruguay 84,986 176,215 482,286
Image Venezuela 82,767 912,050 90,748
Image DR Congo 82,262 2,344,858 35,082
Image Slovenia 79,221 20,273 3,907,710
Image Azerbaijan 76,390 86,600 882,102
Image Turkmenistan 72,119 488,100 147,755
Image Uganda 64,993 241,550 269,066
Image Cameroon 60,577 475,650 127,356
Image Myanmar 60,561 676,578 89,511
Image Tunisia 59,069 163,610 361,035
Image Bolivia 57,086 1,098,581 51,963
Image Jordan 56,157 89,318 628,731
Image Zimbabwe 53,310 390,757 136,427
Image Macau 52,379 33 1,587,242,424
Image Cambodia 48,802 181,035 269,572
Image Libya 47,941 1,759,540 27,246
Image Latvia 47,880 64,594 741,245
Image Paraguay 47,398 406,752 116,528
Image Bahrain 47,391 778 60,913,882
Image Estonia 46,763 45,339 1,031,408
Image Nepal 45,513 147,181 309,231
Image Cyprus 39,943 9,251 4,317,695
Image Honduras 39,445 112,492 350,647
Image Iceland 38,386 103,000 372,680
Image Georgia 37,403 69,700 536,628
Image Senegal 36,839 196,712 187,274
Image El Salvador 36,587 21,041 1,738,843
Image Sudan 35,897 1,861,484 19,284
Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 33,237 51,209 649,046
Image Papua New Guinea 32,714 462,840 70,681
Image Haiti 30,908 27,750 1,113,802
Image Albania 29,939 28,748 1,041,429
Image Zambia 29,369 752,612 39,023
Image Lebanon 28,280 (2024) 10,452 2,705,702
Image Armenia 27,859 29,743 936,657
Image Malta 27,745 315 88,079,365
Image Guinea 27,515 245,857 111,915
Image Burkina Faso 26,866 274,200 97,980
Image Trinidad and Tobago 26,002 5,127 5,071,582
Image Mali 25,591 1,240,192 20,635
Image Mongolia 25,105 1,564,116 16,051
Image Guyana 25,064 214,969 116,594
Image Mozambique 24,726 799,380 30,931
Image Benin 24,402 114,763 212,630
Image Jamaica 23,137 10,991 2,105,086
Image Niger 22,969 1,267,000 18,129
Image Chad 21,592 1,284,000 16,816
Image Gabon 21,455 267,668 80,155
Image Nicaragua 20,689 130,373 158,691
Image Kyrgyzstan 20,160 199,949 100,826
Image Syria 19,993 (2024) 185,180 107,965
Image Moldova 19,620 33,847 579,667
Image Madagascar 19,377 587,041 33,008
Image Botswana 19,186 582,000 32,966
Image North Macedonia 18,783 25,713 730,487
Image Afghanistan 18,080 (2024) 652,864 27,693
Image Tajikistan 17,032 144,100 118,196
Image Laos 16,934 236,800 71,512
Image North Korea 16,447 (2023) 120,538 136,447
Image Bahamas 16,393 13,880 1,181,052
Image Mauritius 15,730 2,096 7,504,771
Image Congo 15,695 342,000 45,892
Image Brunei 15,565 5,765 2,699,913
Image Malawi 14,975 118,484 126,388
Image Rwanda 14,771 26,338 560,825
Image Namibia 14,686 824,292 17,817
Image Palestine 13,711 (2024) 6,020 2,277,575
Image Equatorial Guinea 13,467 28,051 480,090
Image Somalia 12,944 637,657 20,299
Image Kosovo 12,672 10,887 1,163,957
Image Mauritania 11,953 1,030,700 11,597
Image Togo 10,951 56,785 192,850
Image Monaco 9,995 (2024) 2 4,997,500,000
Image New Caledonia 9,623 (2024) 18,575 518,062
Image Liechtenstein 9,424 160 58,900,000
Image Montenegro 9,353 13,812 677,165
Image Bermuda 8,980 (2024) 54 166,296,296
Image Yemen 8,758 (2023) 455,503 19,227
Image Sierra Leone 8,639 72,300 119,488
Image Maldives 7,676 300 25,586,667
Image Barbados 7,559 431 17,538,283
Image Isle of Man 7,431 (2024) 572 12,991,259
Image Cayman Islands 7,139 (2024) 264 27,041,667
Image Burundi 7,025 27,834 252,389
Image Guam 6,910 (2024) 541 12,772,643
Image French Polynesia 6,402 (2024) 4,167 1,536,357
Image Fiji 6,336 18,272 346,760
Image Eswatini 5,201 17,363 299,545
Image Liberia 5,182 111,369 46,530
Image South Sudan 4,979 644,329 7,727
Image U.S. Virgin Islands 4,672 (2024) 347 13,463,977
Image Djibouti 4,613 23,200 198,836
Image Suriname 4,496 163,820 27,445
Image Andorra 4,408 468 9,418,803
Image Aruba 4,319 180 23,994,444
Image Faroe Islands 3,907 (2024) 1,393 2,804,738
Image Bhutan 3,408 38,394 88,764
Image Greenland 3,327 (2024) 2,166,086 1,536
Image Central African Republic 3,300 622,984 5,297
Image Belize 3,297 22,965 143,566
Image Curaçao 3,281 (2024) 444 7,389,640
Image Cape Verde 2,915 4,033 722,787
Image Saint Lucia 2,659 616 4,316,558
Image Gambia 2,497 11,295 221,071
Image Guinea-Bissau 2,474 36,125 68,484
Image Lesotho 2,390 30,355 78,735
Image Antigua and Barbuda 2,340 442 5,294,118
Image Eritrea 2,275 (2023) 117,600 19,345
Image San Marino 2,241 61 36,737,705
Image Seychelles 2,230 457 4,879,650
Image Timor-Leste 2,125 14,874 142,867
Image Solomon Islands 1,904 28,896 65,891
Image Turks and Caicos Islands 1,745 (2024) 948 1,840,717
Image Sint Maarten 1,735 (2024) 34 51,029,412
Image Comoros 1,613 1,861 866,738
Image British Virgin Islands 1,506 (2023) 151 9,973,510
Image Grenada 1,458 345 4,226,087
Image Samoa 1,248 2,842 439,127
Image Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1,238 389 3,182,519
Image Saint Kitts and Nevis 1,141 261 4,371,648
Image Vanuatu 1,119 12,189 91,804
Image Northern Mariana Islands 1,096 (2024) 457 2,398,249
Image São Tomé and Príncipe 976 964 1,012,448
Image American Samoa 871 (2024) 199 4,376,884
Image Dominica 748 750 997,333
Image Saint Martin 649 (2024) 53 12,245,283
Image Tonga 587 747 785,810
Image Federated States of Micronesia 495 702 705,128
Image Anguilla 416 (2023) 91 4,571,429
Image Cook Islands 366 (2023) 236 1,550,847
Image Palau 341 459 742,919
Image Kiribati 321 811 395,808
Image Marshall Islands 302 181 1,668,508
Image Nauru 172 21 8,190,476
Image Montserrat 80 (2023) 103 776,699
Image Tuvalu 58 25 2,320,000


Notes

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  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference China-THM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

References

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  1. ^ "Gallup J. L., Sachs J. D., and Mellinger A. D. (1999): GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
  2. ^ a b Nolan, Brian; Roser, Max; Thewissen, Stefan (September 2019). "GDP Per Capita Versus Median Household Income: What Gives Rise to the Divergence Over Time and how does this Vary Across OECD Countries?". Review of Income and Wealth. 65 (3): 465–494. doi:10.1111/roiw.12362. ISSN 0034-6586 – via Business Source Ultimate.
  3. ^ Wang, Guangjie; Peng, Wenfu (March 2021). "Detecting influences of factors on GDP density differentiation of rural poverty changes". Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. 56: 141–151. doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2020.10.004.
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