management

See also: Management

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-der.

Proto-Italic *manus

Latin manus

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.

Latin -izāre

Vulgar Latin *manizāre

Old Italian maneggiareder.?

Old French manegebor.

Middle English *manage

English manage

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom

Proto-Italic *-mentom

Latin -mentum

Old French -mentbor.

Middle English -ment

English -ment

English management

From manage + -ment.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/
  • (weak vowel merger) IPA^(key): /ˈmæn.ədʒ.mənt/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (North India) IPA^(key): /mæːˈneːdʒ.menʈ/
• (South India) IPA^(key): /ˈmæː.ne(ː)dʒ.menʈ/
• (General South African) IPA^(key): /məˈneɪdʒ.mənt/

Noun

management (usually uncountable, plural managements)

1. (uncountable) Administration; the use of limited resources combined with forecasting, planning, leadership and execution skills to achieve predetermined specific goals.
   • 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 168:

     The help tended to be officious, the rules, if heeded, restrictive, and the management meddlesome.

2. The executives of an organisation, especially senior executives.
   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.

   • 1922, Henry Ford, Samuel Crowther, My Life and Work, Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc., →OCLC, page 259:

     Management has been lazy, too—management has found it easier to hire an additional five hundred men than to so improve its methods that one hundred men of the old force could be released to other work. The public was paying, and business was booming, and management didn't care a pin.

3. (uncountable) Judicious use of means to accomplish an end.

   Excellent time management helped her succeed in all facets of her life.

4. (uncountable) The prosecuting side in an impeachment trial (as opposed to the respondent or defending side).

Synonyms

• (process or practice of managing): mgt, mgmt, mgmt., Mgmt., mng't

Hyponyms

• adaptive management
• advanced traffic management
• anger management
• antimanagement
• application lifecycle management
• asset management
• brand management
• change management
• collaborative project management
• comanagement
• credit management
• crew resource management
• crisis management
• critical incident stress management
• cross-platform application management
• data management
• dependency management
• digital restrictions management
• digital rights management
• disease management
• ecomanagement
• enterprise feedback management
• facility management
• financial management
• general management
• human resource management
• human resources management
• information management
• integrated pest management
• inventory management
• knowledge management
• line management
• malmanagement
• management by exception
• management by walking about
• management by walking around
• man management
• master data management
• matrix management
• micromanagement
• middle management
• midmanagement
• mismanagement
• nonmanagement
• overmanagement
• package management
• performance management
• product management
• project management
• property management
• reputation management
• revenue management
• risk management
• social project management
• software configuration management
• soil management
• source configuration management
• strategic management
• submanagement
• talent management
• time management
• total quality management
• undermanagement
• work management

Derived terms

• biomanagement
• content management system
• database management system
• document management system
• learning content management system
• macro-management
• macromanagement
• management accounting
• managemental
• management cybernetics
• managementese
• management sim
• management summaries
• management summary
• management system
• manglement
• micro-management
• package management system
• personal knowledge management
• pharmacomanagement
• project-management
• self-management
• servlet-management
• technomanagement

Related terms

• manage
• manager
• managerial

Descendants

• → Albanian: menaxhmenti
• → Armenian: մենեջմենթ (meneǰmentʻ)
• → Assamese: মেনেজমেন্ত (menezomento)
• → Bashkir: менеджмент (menedjment)
• → Belarusian: менеджмент (mjenjedžmjent)
• → Bulgarian: мениджмънт (menidžmǎnt)
• → Czech: management
• → Danish: management
• → Dutch: management
• → French: management
• → Georgian: მენეჯმენტი (meneǯmenṭi)
• → German: Management
  • →? Bavarian: Management
• → Greek: μάνατζμεντ (mánatzment)
• → Guinea-Bissau Creole: manajman
• → Hungarian: menedzsment
• → Italian: management
• → Indonesian: manajemen
  • → Minangkabau: manajemen
• → Karakalpak: menedjment
• → Kazakh: менеджмент (menedjment)
• → Kyrgyz: менеджмент (menedjment)
• → Latvian: menedžments
• → Malayalam: മാനേജ്മെന്റ് (mānējmenṟŭ)
• → Marathi: मॅनेजमेंट (mĕnejmeṇṭa)
• → Mongolian: менежмент (menežment)
• > Pitcairn-Norfolk: manajement (inherited)
• → Romanian: management
• → Russian: ме́неджмент (ménedžment)
  • → Azerbaijani: menecment
• → Serbo-Croatian: menadžment
• → Scots: management
• → Slovak: manažment
• → Slovene: menedžment
• → Spanish: management
• → Swahili: menejimenti
• → Swedish: management
• → Tajik: management
• → Tatar: менеджмент (menedjment)
• → Ukrainian: ме́неджмент (ménedžment)
• → Uzbek: menejment

Translations

administration; the process or practice of managing

• Albanian: menaxhim m
• Arabic: إِدَارَة (ar) f (ʔidāra)
• Armenian: կառավարում (hy) (kaṙavarum), մենեջմենթ (hy) (meneǰmentʻ)
• Azerbaijani: menecment, idarə (az)
• Belarusian: ме́неджмент m (mjénjedžmjent), мэ́нэджмэнт m (ménedžment), кірава́нне n (kiravánnje), кірава́ньне n (kiravánʹnje), праўле́нне n (prawljénnje), праўле́ньне n (prawljénʹnje)
• Bulgarian: ме́ниджмънт m (ménidžmǎnt), управле́ние (bg) n (upravlénie)
• Catalan: administració (ca) f, gestió (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 經營 / 经营 (zh) (jīngyíng), 管理 (zh) (guǎnlǐ)

• Czech: řízení (cs) n, management (cs) m
• Danish: drift (da) c, administration (da) c
• Dutch: management (nl) n, administratie (nl) f, beheer (nl) n, bestuur (nl) n, directie (nl) f
• Finnish: johtaminen (fi), hallinto (fi), yritysjohtaminen (of a company)
• French: administration (fr) f, gestion (fr) f, gérance (fr) f, direction (fr) f
• Galician: administración (gl) f
• Georgian: მენეჯმენტი (meneǯmenṭi), მართვა (martva), ადმინისტრაცია (ka) (adminisṭracia), ხელმძღვანელობა (xelmʒɣvaneloba), წარმართვა (c̣armartva), გაძღოლა (gaʒɣola)
• German: Verwaltung (de) f, Führung (de) f, Handhabung (de) f, Leitung (de) f, Regie (de) f, Management (de) n
• Greek: διοίκηση (el) n (dioíkisi), διαχείριση (el) f (diacheírisi), μάνατζμεντ (el) n (mánatzment)

  Ancient Greek: χειρισμός m (kheirismós)

• Hindi: प्रबंधन (hi) m (prabandhan)
• Hungarian: ügyintézés (hu), menedzsment (hu)
• Indonesian: manajemen (id), pengelolaan (id)
• Irish: reachtas, riar, bainistiú m, bainistíocht f, bainisteoireacht f
• Italian: amministrazione (it) f, direzione (it) f, gestione (it)
• Japanese: 管理 (ja) (かんり, kanri)
• Kazakh: менеджмент (menedjment), басқарма (basqarma)
• Korean: 관리(管理) (ko) (gwalli)
• Kyrgyz: менеджмент (menedjment), башкармалык (ky) (başkarmalık), башкарма (ky) (başkarma)
• Lao: ການຈັດການ (kān chat kān)
• Latin: procuratio f, tractātiō f
• Latvian: vadībzinība (lv) f
• Lithuanian: vadyba f
• Macedonian: управување n (upravuvanje), раководење n (rakovodenje), менаџмент m (menadžment)
• Malay: pengurusan (ms)
• Malayalam: മേൽനോട്ടം (ml) (mēlnōṭṭaṁ), മാനേജ്മെന്റ് (mānējmenṟŭ)
• Māori: rōpū whakahaere
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: удирдлага (mn) (udirdlaga), менеджмент (menedžment)

• Navajo: naachʼid
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ledelse m, forvaltning m or f

  Nynorsk: forvalting f, forvaltning f

• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: مُدیرِیَّت (modiriyyat), اِدارِه (edâre)

• Polish: zarządzanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: administração (pt) f, gerência (pt)
• Russian: управле́ние (ru) n (upravlénije), ме́неджмент (ru) m (mɛ́nɛdžment, ménɛdžment)
• Scottish Gaelic: stiùireadh m, riaghladh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: у̀правља̄ње n, мѐнаџмент m

  Latin: ùpravljānje n, mènadžment (sh) m

• Slovak: manažment m, riadenie n
• Slovene: menedžment m, upravljanje n
• Spanish: administración (es) f, gestión (es) f, gerenciamiento m, gerenteo m (Chile)
• Swahili: menejimenti
• Swedish: styrelse (sv) c, skötsel (sv), ledning (sv) c
• Tajik: мудирият (mudiriyat), идора (tg) (idora)
• Thai: การจัดการ (th) (gaan-jàt-gaan)
• Turkish: idare (tr), idarecilik (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: اداره (idâre), سیاست (siyâset), زمام (zimâm)

• Ukrainian: управлі́ння n (upravlínnja), ме́неджмент (uk) m (ménedžment), керува́ння (uk) n (keruvánnja)
• Urdu: اِنْتِظام m (intizām)
• Uzbek: boshqarma (uz), idora (uz)
• Vietnamese: sự quản lý (vi)
• Yiddish: אַדמיניסטראַציע f (administratsye)

the executives of an organisation

• Belarusian: кіраўні́цтва n (kirawníctva)
• Bulgarian: ръково́дство (bg) n (rǎkovódstvo), управле́ние (bg) n (upravlénie)
• Catalan: direcció (ca) f, gerència (ca) f
• Danish: ledelse c, bestyrelse (da) c, direktion c
• Dutch: management (nl) n, bestuur (nl) n
• Finnish: johto (fi)
• Galician: dirección (gl) f
• Georgian: მენეჯმენტი (meneǯmenṭi), ადმინისტრაცია (ka) (adminisṭracia), მმართველობა (mmartveloba), დირექცია (direkcia), ხელმძღვანელობა (xelmʒɣvaneloba)
• Hungarian: vezetőség (hu)
• Indonesian: direksi (id), manajemen (id), pengelola (id)
• Italian: dirigenza (it) f
• Māori: rōpū whakahaere
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: удирдлага (mn) (udirdlaga), захиргаа (mn) (zaxirgaa)

• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: مُدیرِیَّت (modiriyyat)

• Russian: руково́дство (ru) n (rukovódstvo), управле́ние (ru) n (upravlénije)
• Spanish: dirección (es) f, gerencia (es) f
• Swahili: menejimenti
• Swedish: ledning (sv) c, styrelse (sv) c, direktion (sv) c
• Tajik: мудирият (mudiriyat)
• Turkish: yönetim (tr)
• Ukrainian: керівни́цтво (uk) n (kerivnýctvo)

judicious use of means

• Catalan: maneig (ca) m, gestió (ca) f, administració (ca) f
• Dutch: beheersing (nl) f
• Finnish: hallinta (fi)
• French: gestion (fr) f
• Hungarian: gazdálkodás (hu)
• Latin: tractātiō f
• Portuguese: administração (pt) f
• Spanish: administración (es) f, manejo (es) m, gestión (es) f, organización (es) f

References

• Raymond Williams (1983), “Management”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 189.
• “management”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• management in Britannica Dictionary
• management in Macmillan Collocations Dictionary
• management in Sentence collocations by Cambridge Dictionary
• management in Ozdic collocation dictionary
• management in WordReference English Collocations

Further reading

• management on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from English management.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmanaɡɛmɛnt]

  • Audio:

    (file)

Noun

management m inan

1. (management) management

   Synonym: řízení

Declension

Declension of management (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	management	managementy
genitive	managementu	managementů
dative	managementu	managementům
accusative	management	managementy
vocative	managemente	managementy
locative	managementu	managementech
instrumental	managementem	managementy

Dutch

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English management.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɛ.nətʃ.mənt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ma‧nage‧ment

Noun

management n (uncountable, no diminutive)

management

Related terms

• managen
• manager

French

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English management.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.na(d)ʒ.mɑ̃/, /ma.nadʒ.mɛnt/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Noun

management m (plural managements)

1. (management) management

Further reading

• “management”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English management.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈma.nad͡ʒ.ment/, /ˈmɛ.nad͡ʒ.ment/, /ˈmɛ.ned͡ʒ.ment/, /ˈmɛ.nid͡ʒ.ment/
• Rhymes: -anadʒment, -ɛnadʒment, -ɛnedʒment, -ɛnidʒment

Noun

management m (invariable)

1. (management) management

Further reading

• management in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Romanian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English management.

Noun

management n (uncountable)

1. management

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	management	managementul
genitive-dative	management	managementului
vocative	managementule

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English management.

Noun

management m (plural managements)

1. management