Methoprene
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Propan-2-yl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate | |
| Other names
Methoprene, Altosid, Apex, Diacan, Dianex, Kabat, Minex, Omniprene G, Pharorid, Precor, ZR-515
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.049.977 |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | C093000 |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C19H34O3 | |
| Molar mass | 310.48 g/mol |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Boiling point | 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) at 0.05 mmHg |
| Pharmacology | |
| QP53AX28 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Eye irritant |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Methoprene is a juvenile hormone (JH) analog and insect growth regulator (IGR) used widely in pest control. Classified under Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) group 7A, methoprene is an amber-colored liquid with a faint fruity odor. Unlike conventional pesticides that kill insects through toxicity, Methoprene disrupts the development of insects, preventing them from reaching reproductive maturity.
Methoprene does not kill insects. Instead, it interferes with an insect’s life cycle and prevents it from reaching maturity or reproducing.[2] Methoprene functions by mimicking natural juvenile hormones necessary for insect development. Insects treated with methoprene fail to transition from pupa stages to adulthood, effectively halting reproduction and the biological life cycle.
Methoprene is considered a biological pesticide because rather than controlling target pests through direct toxicity, methoprene interferes with an insect’s lifecycle and prevents it from reaching maturity or reproducing.[3]
Applications
[edit]Vector control
[edit]Methoprene is frequently employed in mosquito control programs to curb the spread of vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever, malaria.[4] and the West Nile virus. Its larvicidal activity targets immature mosquito stages, breaking the insect's lifecycle.
Agriculture
[edit]Methoprene is applied to protect a range of food commodities such as meat, milk, mushrooms, peanuts, rice, and cereals.[citation needed] In cattle farming, it serves as a feed additive to prevent the breeding of flies in manure.[citation needed]
Veterinary use
[edit]Methoprene is a common ingredient in flea control products for domestic animals, aiding in the suppression of flea populations on pets.[citation needed]
Formulations and efficacy
[edit]Methoprene is available in various formulations, including microencapsulated suspensions, granules, pellets, and briquets.[citation needed]
Against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles hermsi, one product containing methoprene maintained over 90% control for at least 49 days in 30.5 cm of water. Efficacy was further extended to 63 days in shallower water depths of 15.25 cm. For Culex quinquefasciatus, control lasted up to 56 days. [5]
Health and safety
[edit]According to its materials safety data sheet (MSDS), methoprene is a material that may be irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption; may cause eye, skin, or respiratory system irritation; and is very toxic to aquatic life.[6] The GHS signal word is "Warning", with notes such as "P273: Avoid release into the environment" and "P391: Collect spillage".
Methoprene is suspected to be highly toxic to crustaceans like lobsters.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5906.
- ^ "Update of the March 1991 Methoprene R.E.D. Fact Sheet" (PDF). epa.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency. June 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
- ^ "Insect Growth Regulators: S-Hydroprene (128966), S-Kinoprene (107502), Methoprene (10401), S-Methoprene (105402) Fact Sheet" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. 2015-08-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2012.
- ^ "Methoprene" (PDF). Water Sanitation and Health. World Health Organization. 2008.
- ^ Su., T, H (26 August 2022). "Laboratory and semi-field evaluation on OmniPrene™ G against Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes". European Mosquito Control Association. 1 (4): 162–168. doi:10.2987/24-7186. PMID 39209320.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Methoprene Materials Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). CaymanChem.org. Cayman Chemical. 2019.
- ^ Walker, A. N.; Bush, P.; Puritz, J.; Wilson, T.; Chang, E. S.; Miller, T.; Holloway, K.; Horst, M. N. (2005). "Bioaccumulation and Metabolic Effects of the Endocrine Disruptor Methoprene in the Lobster, Homarus americanus" (PDF). Integrative and Comparative Biology. 45 (1): 118–126. doi:10.1093/icb/45.1.118. PMID 21676752.
External links
[edit]- Methoprene Pesticide Fact Sheet - Environmental Protection Agency
- Methoprene Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network
- Methoprene in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
