OFFSET
0,1
COMMENTS
D arises in three independent contexts:
(1) Game theory: expected number of green-slot outcomes in a hierarchical roulette where wheel n has 2*(n-1)! red/black slots and 1 green slot.
(2) Cryptography: expected number of honeypot triggers in a cascading cipher where level n has 2*(n-1)! real keys and 1 decoy key.
(3) Biology: expected number of premature stop-codon reading events. In all three cases D < 1 is the stability threshold.
FORMULA
Equals Sum_{n>=1} n/(2*n!+n).
Equals e/2 - Sum_{n>=0} 1/(2*n!*(2*n!+1)).
EXAMPLE
D = 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/5 + 1/13 + 1/49 + ... = 0.96895437342956...
MATHEMATICA
N[Sum[1/(2*(n-1)! + 1), {n, 1, Infinity}], 50]
PROG
(Python)
from mpmath import mp, nsum, factorial, inf
mp.dps = 50
print(nsum(lambda n: 1/(2*factorial(n-1)+1), [1, inf]))
(PARI) suminf(k = 1, 1/(2*(k-1)!+1)) \\ Amiram Eldar, May 24 2026
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,cons
AUTHOR
Danylo Ivanov, May 24 2026
STATUS
approved