FlowChannel1Phase

position

C++ Type:libMesh::Point

Controllable:No

Description:Start position of axis in 3-D space [m]

orientation

C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Direction of flow channel from start position to end position (no need to normalize). For curved flow channels, it is the (tangent) direction at the start position.

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

axial_region_names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Controllable:No

Description:Names to assign to axial regions

orientation

C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Direction of flow channel from start position to end position (no need to normalize). For curved flow channels, it is the (tangent) direction at the start position.

A

C++ Type:FunctionName

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Area of the flow channel, can be a constant or a function

fp

C++ Type:UserObjectName

Controllable:No

Description:Fluid properties user object

closures

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Controllable:No

Description:Closures object(s). This is optional since closure relations can be supplied directly by Materials as well.

initial_p

C++ Type:FunctionName

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:Yes

Description:Initial pressure in the flow channel [Pa]

initial_T

C++ Type:FunctionName

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:Yes

Description:Initial temperature in the flow channel [K]

initial_vel

C++ Type:FunctionName

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:Yes

Description:Initial velocity in the flow channel [m/s]

passives_names

C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Names for each passive transport variable [amount/m^3]. Note that the conserved (solution) variables will be an amount per unit volume multiplied by the channel cross-sectional area, yielding an amount per unit length; these solution variable names will append '_times_area' to the names given in this parameter.

initial_passives

C++ Type:std::vector<FunctionName>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Initial passive transport variable values in the flow channel, if any (units are [amount/m^3], where 'amount' may be mass (kg) or a number (molecules, moles, etc.))

vpp_vars

C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Variables to add in an ElementValueSampler

create_flux_vpp

Default:False

C++ Type:bool

Controllable:No

Description:If true, create a VectorPostprocessor with the the mass, momentum, and energy side fluxes

position

C++ Type:libMesh::Point

Controllable:No

Description:Start position of axis in 3-D space [m]

orientation

C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Direction of flow channel from start position to end position (no need to normalize). For curved flow channels, it is the (tangent) direction at the start position.

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

axial_region_names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Controllable:No

Description:Names to assign to axial regions

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

axial_region_names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Controllable:No

Description:Names to assign to axial regions

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

p_ref

Default:101325

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Reference pressure [Pa]

T_ref

Default:273.15

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Reference temperature [K]

vel_ref

Default:1

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Reference velocity [m/s]

p_rel_step_tol

Default:1e-05

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Pressure relative step tolerance

T_rel_step_tol

Default:1e-05

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Temperature relative step tolerance

vel_rel_step_tol

Default:1e-05

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Velocity relative step tolerance

mass_res_tol

Default:1e-05

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Mass equation normalized residual tolerance

momentum_res_tol

Default:1e-05

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Momentum equation normalized residual tolerance

energy_res_tol

Default:1e-05

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Energy equation normalized residual tolerance

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/sedov_blast_wave/sedov_blast_wave.i)

# This test problem is the Sedov blast wave test problem,
# which is a Riemann problem with the following parameters:
#   * domain = (0,1)
#   * gravity = 0
#   * EoS: Ideal gas EoS with gamma = 1.4, R = 0.71428571428571428571
#   * interface: x = 0.5
#   * typical end time: 0.15
# Left initial values:
#   * rho = 0.445
#   * vel = 0.692
#   * p = 3.52874226
# Right initial values:
#   * rho = 0.5
#   * vel = 0
#   * p = 0.571

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [p_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.0025                1'
    y = '1.591549333333333e+06 6.666666666666668e-09'
  []
  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.0025                1'
    y = '2.228169066666667e+06 9.333333333333334e-09'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.66666666666666666667
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 400
    A = 1.0

    # IC
    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 2
  []
  solve_type = LINEAR

  l_tol = 1e-4

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  # run to t = 0.005
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-6
  num_steps = 5000
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'sedov_blast_wave'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'p T vel'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/closures/simple_1phase/err.missing_f_1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_vel = 0
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = water
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 10
    T0 = 10
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 10
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1e-4
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_stagnation_p_t_1phase/phy.p0T0_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 453.1
  initial_vel = 0.0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e6
    T0 = 453.1
    reversible = false
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 0.5e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1.e-2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.6
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.p0T0_3eqn'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/form_loss_from_external_app_1phase/phy.form_loss_1phase.child.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0.5
  initial_T = 300.0

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2
    A = 1
    n_elems = 10

    f = 0
  []
  [form_loss]
    type = FormLossFromExternalApp1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 680
    T = 300
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  timestep_tolerance = 5e-14

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 5e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 20

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 4.0

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'K_prime p'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_pump_1phase/pump_coastdown.i)

# Pump data used in this test comes from the Semiscale Program, summarized in NUREG/CR-4945

initial_T = 393.15
area = 1e-2
dt = 0.005

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.4E+07
  initial_T = ${initial_T}
  initial_vel = 0.01
  initial_vel_x = 0.01
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  A = ${area}
  A_ref = ${area}
  f = 100
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-3'
  closures = simple_closures
  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  fp = fp
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pump]
    type = ShaftConnectedPump1Phase
    inlet = 'pipe:out'
    outlet = 'pipe:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    volume = 0.3
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 0.5
    omega_rated = 314
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0.001
    torque_rated = 47.1825
    volumetric_rated = 1
    head_rated = 58.52
    tau_fr_coeff = '4 0 80 0'
    tau_fr_const = 8
    head = head_fcn
    torque_hydraulic = torque_fcn
    density_rated = 124.2046
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.6096 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'pump'
    initial_speed = 1
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [head_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = semiscale_head_data.csv
    format = columns
  []
  [torque_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = semiscale_torque_data.csv
    format = columns
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [vel_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = vel
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [hydraulic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = hydraulic_torque
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = 40

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  velocity_as_vector = false
  file_base = 'pump_coastdown'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'shaft:omega vel_avg'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/flow_channel/test.i)

# Test that the initial conditions read from the exodus file are correct

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'

  closures = simple_closures

  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_external_app_1phase/phy.q_wall_transfer_3eqn.child.i)

# This is a part of phy.q_wall_transfer_3eqn test. See the master file for details.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h = 6.1661977237e+00
    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 1e3
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.5
  dtmin = 1e-7
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 5

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'q_wall'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_connection/err.connection_format.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 28.964e-3
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_volumetric_1phase/err.base.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2

    A = 1
    f = 0.1
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e05
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatSourceVolumetric1Phase
    flow_channel = fch1
    q = 1
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = fch1:in
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = fch1:out
    p = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/clg.Hw.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 0.1e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e+0 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10

    A = 3.14e-2
    f = 0.1
  []

  [ht_pipe1]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    T_wall = 310
    Hw = Hw_fn
  []

  [inlet1]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    rho = 996.557482499661660
    vel = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 0.1e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.05
  num_steps = 20
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 30
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Functions]
  [Hw_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0     1'
    y = '10  110'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Hw]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    block = 'pipe1'
    mat_prop = Hw
  []
[]

(modules/combined/test/tests/subchannel_thm_coupling/THM_SCM_coupling.i)

# THM file based on https://mooseframework.inl.gov/modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/step05.html
# Used to loosely couple THM with SCM
# This is a simple open loop with fixed massflow at the inlet and pressure at the outlet.
# THM sends massflux and temperature at the inlet of the core, and pressure at the outlet of the core
# to subchannel. Subchannel returns total pressure drop of the assembly and total power to THM and THM calculates an
# average friction factor for the core region.
T_in = 583.0 # K
m_dot_in = 1 # kg/s
press = 2e5 # Pa
SC_core = 0.0004980799633447909 #m2

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 1
A_core = 0.005 #dummy

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = sodium_eos
[]

[Functions]
  [q_wall_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'core_power length'
    symbol_values = 'core_power  ${core_length}'
    expression = 'core_power/length'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []

  [sodium_eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.24
    cv = 1052.8
    q = -2.6292e+05
    p_inf = 1.1564e+08
    q_prime = 0
    mu = 3.222e-04
    k = 73.82
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [f_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = f_D
    postprocessor_names = 'core_f'
    expression = 'core_f'
    block = 'core_chan'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'bottom_2:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'bottom_1:out'
    p = ${press}
  []

  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 -0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    A = ${A_core}
    closures = ''
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    q_wall = q_wall_fn
    P_hf = 1
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 1.5'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 1.5'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.25'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.25'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.25'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 -0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 -0.25'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 -0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 -0.5'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 -0.5'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_sec_in}
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateDirectFlowChannel
    q_wall_prop = q_wall
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = 1
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = bottom_1:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_1:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_2:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []
  ############## Friction Factor Calculation #############
  [av_rhouA]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = 'rhouA'
    block = 'core_chan'
  []

  [av_rho]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = 'rho'
    block = 'core_chan'
  []

  [Kloss]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_delta_p_tgt av_rhouA av_rho'
    expression = '2.0 * core_delta_p_tgt * av_rho * ${A_core} * ${A_core} / (av_rhouA * av_rhouA)'
  []

  [Dh]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = D_h
    block = core_chan
  []

  [core_f]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'Kloss Dh'
    expression = 'Kloss * Dh / ${core_length}'
  []

  ### INFO to send to SC
  [outlet_pressure]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_2:in
    variable = p
  []

  [inlet_mass_flow_rate]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = up_pipe_1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = jct1
  []

  [inlet_temperature]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_1:out
    variable = T
  []

  [inlet_mass_flux]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_mass_flow_rate'
    expression = 'abs(inlet_mass_flow_rate/${SC_core})'
  []
  #####
  ##### Info received from subchannel
  [core_delta_p_tgt]
    type = Receiver
    default = 100
  []
  [core_power]
    type = Receiver
    default = 100
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
  []
  # dtmax = 5
  end_time = 5

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

################################################################################
# A multiapp that couples THM to subchannel
################################################################################

[MultiApps]
  [subchannel]
    type = FullSolveMultiApp
    input_files = 'subchannel.i'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    positions = '0 0 0'
    max_procs_per_app = 1
    output_in_position = true
    bounding_box_padding = '0 0 0.1'
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  [pressure_drop_transfer] # Get pressure drop to THM from subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    from_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = total_pressure_drop_SC
    to_postprocessor = core_delta_p_tgt
    reduction_type = average
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [power_transfer] # Get Total power to THM from subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    from_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = Total_power
    to_postprocessor = core_power
    reduction_type = average
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [mass_flux_tranfer] # Send mass_flux at the inlet of THM core to subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    to_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = inlet_mass_flux
    to_postprocessor = report_mass_flux_inlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [outlet_pressure_tranfer] # Send pressure at the outlet of THM core to subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    to_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = outlet_pressure
    to_postprocessor = report_pressure_outlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [inlet_temperature_transfer]
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    to_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = inlet_temperature
    to_postprocessor = report_temperature_inlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '16 356 6.5514e3'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_bc]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi/2)+2*sin(pi*y) +507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '-1 0 -2.5'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 2
    A = 0.3
    D_h = 0.1935483871
    f = 0.1
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'pipe'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:right
    P_hf = 3
    Hw = 1000
  []
  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = box.e
    position = '0 0 0'
  []
  [right_bnd]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:bottom
    T = Ts_bc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/jac.1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 2
  initial_T = 300

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1'
  scaling_factor_temperature = '1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.1 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 1

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 100
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = ' 1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/pressure_drop/pressure_drop_with_junction.i)

nelem = 50
friction_factor = 1e4

area = 0.176752
mfr_final = 1.0
p_out = 7e6
T_in = 300
ramp_time = 5.0

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = 0
  closures = closures
  rdg_slope_reconstruction = full
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [h2]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.3066
    molar_mass = 2.016e-3
    k = 0.437
    mu = 3e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [bc_inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'ch_1:in'
    m_dot = 0 # This value is controlled by 'mfr_ctrl'
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [ch_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = ${nelem}
    A = ${area}
    f = ${friction_factor}
    fp = h2
  []
  [junction]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'ch_1:out ch_2:in'
  []
  [ch_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = ${nelem}
    A = ${area}
    f = ${friction_factor}
    fp = h2
  []
  [bc_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'ch_2:out'
    p = ${p_out}
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mfr_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 ${ramp_time}'
    y = '0 ${mfr_final}'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [mfr_cntrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = bc_inlet
    parameter = m_dot
    function = mfr_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pressure_vpp]
    type = ADSampler1DReal
    block = 'ch_1 ch_2'
    property = 'p'
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 50
  dt = 1

  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_start_time = ${ramp_time}

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    create_final_symlink = true
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_velocity_t_1phase/phy.reversed_flow.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 444.447
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    f = 0.0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [in]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    vel = -1.0
    T     = 444.447
  []

  [out]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p0 = 7e6
    T0 = 444.447
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 5

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    file_base = phy.reversed_flow
    show = 'vel T p'
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/flow_channel/err.non_existent_block.i)

[GlobalParams]
  closures = simple_closures

  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [asdf]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []
  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'asdf:in'
  []
  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'asdf:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/hs_boundary.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [sp_ss316]
    type = ThermalSS316Properties
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + 20 * (y - 1)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '5.0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 5.0
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures

    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []

  [heat_transfer]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = heat_structure
    hs_boundary = heat_structure:region2:inner
    Hw = 1e3
  []

  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '5.0 5.0'
    n_elems = '5 5'
    axial_region_names = 'region1 region2'

    names = 'main'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '500'
    widths = '1.0'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    inner_radius = 1.0

    initial_T = 500

    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-8
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'pipe'
    variable = T
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 1

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/flow_boundary_flux_1phase/test.i)

T_in = 300
p_out = 1e5

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  closures = simple_closures
  n_elems = 50
  f = 0
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'channel:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 3
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_out}
    input = 'channel:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [m_dot_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet'
    equation = mass
  []
  [m_dot_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet'
    equation = mass
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 10
  dt = 0.1

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'm_dot_in m_dot_out'
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/test.i)

# Test that the initial conditions read from the exodus file are correct

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  closures = simple_closures

  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_bc]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = 0.01
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = hs
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_bc
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.heat_structure_multiple_3eqn.i)

# Tests that energy conservation is satisfied in 1-phase flow when there are
# multiple heat structures are connected to the same pipe.
#
# This problem has 2 heat structures with different material properties and
# initial conditions connected to the same flow channel, which has solid wall
# boundary conditions at both ends. An ideal gas equation of state is used for
# the fluid:
#   e(T) = cv * T
# From energy conservation, an analytic expression for the steady-state
# temperature results:
#   (rho(p,T)*e(T)*V)_fluid + (rho*cp*T*V)_hs1 + (rho*cp*T*V)_hs2 = constant
# The following are constant:
#   V_i         domain volumes for flow channel and heat structures
#   rho_fluid   fluid density (due to conservation of mass)
#   rho_hsi     heat structure densities
#   cp_hsi      heat structure specific heats
# Furthermore, all volumes are set equal to 1. Therefore the expression for the
# steady-state temperature is the following:
#   T = E0 / C0
# where
#   E0 = (rho(p0,T0)*e(T0))_fluid + (rho*cp*T0)_hs1 + (rho*cp*T0)_hs2
#   C0 = (rho(p0,T0)*cv)_fluid + (rho*cp)_hs1 + (rho*cp)_hs2
#
# An ideal gas is defined by (gamma, R), and the relation between R and cv is as
# follows:
#   cp = gamma * R / (gamma - 1)
#   cv = cp / gamma = R / (gamma - 1)
# For the EOS parameters
#   gamma = 1.0001
#   R = 100 J/kg-K
# the relevant specific heat is
#   cv = 1e6 J/kg-K
#
# For the initial conditions
#   p = 100 kPa
#   T = 300 K
# the density and specific internal energy should be
#   rho = 3.3333333333333 kg/m^3
#   e = 300000000 J/kg
#
# The following heat structure parameters are used:
#   T0_hs1 = 290 K           T0_hs2 = 310 K
#   rho_hs1 = 8000 kg/m^3    rho_hs2 = 6000 kg/m^3
#   cp_hs1 = 500 J/kg-K      cp_hs2 = 600 J/kg-K
#
# E0 = 1e9 + 8000 * 500 * 290 + 6000 * 600 * 310
#    = 3276000000 J
# C0 = 3.3333333333333e6 + 8000 * 500 + 6000 * 600
#    = 10933333.3333333 J/K
# T = E0 / C0
#   = 3276000000 / 10933333.3333333
#   = 299.6341463414643 K
#

T1 = 290
k1 = 50
rho1 = 8000
cp1  = 500

T2 = 310
k2 = 100
rho2 = 6000
cp2 = 600

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 100e3
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e-3 1e-3 1e-8'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.0001
    molar_mass = 0.083144598
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs1_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = ${k1}
    rho = ${rho1}
    cp = ${cp1}
  []
  [hs2_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = ${k2}
    rho = ${rho2}
    cp = ${cp2}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
    f = 0
    fp = fp
  []

  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructurePlate
    position = '0 -1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    depth = 1
    n_elems = 10

    solid_properties = 'hs1_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    widths = '1'
    names = 'solid'

    initial_T = ${T1}
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructurePlate
    position = '0 -1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    depth = 1
    n_elems = 10

    solid_properties = 'hs2_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    widths = '1'
    names = 'solid'

    initial_T = ${T2}
  []

  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs1
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 1e5
    P_hf = 0.5
  []

  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs2
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 1e5
    P_hf = 0.5
  []

  [left]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [preconditioner]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 4e5
  dt = 1e4
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_steady_state_predicted]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    # This value is computed in the input file description
    function = 299.6341463414643
  []
  [T_fluid_average]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    block = pipe
  []
  [relative_error]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = T_steady_state_predicted
    value2 = T_fluid_average
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'relative_error'
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/phy.test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.01
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 517
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    on = true
    power = 1000
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 10

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5

  nl_max_its = 5
  l_tol = 1e-4
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'p T vel'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  time_step_interval = 5
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/jac.test.i)

# Pump data used in this test comes from the LOFT Systems Tests, described in NUREG/CR-0247

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 1

  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e-2 1e-2 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [in]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = fch1:in
    p0 = 1.1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'fch1:out fch2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 0.3
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1.5
  []

  [out]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = fch2:out
    p = 1e5
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  dt = 0.1

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '1e-9'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/flow_channel/steady_state.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'

  initial_T = 500
  initial_p = 6.e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_stagnation_enthalpy_1phase/phy.h_rhou_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 101325
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1.e2 1. 1.e-3'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.41
    molar_mass = 28.9662e-3
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationEnthalpyMomentum1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    H    = 296748.357480000
    rhou = 41.0009888754850
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 101325
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1.e-2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-14
  nl_abs_tol = 5e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/pressure_drop/pressure_drop.i)

nelem = 100
friction_factor = 1e4

area = 0.176752
mfr_final = 1.0
p_out = 7e6
T_in = 300
ramp_time = 5.0

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = 0
  closures = closures
  rdg_slope_reconstruction = full
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [h2]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.3066
    molar_mass = 2.016e-3
    k = 0.437
    mu = 3e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [bc_inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'ch_1:in'
    m_dot = 0 # This value is controlled by 'mfr_ctrl'
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [ch_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = ${nelem}
    A = ${area}
    f = ${friction_factor}
    fp = h2
  []
  [bc_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'ch_1:out'
    p = ${p_out}
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mfr_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 ${ramp_time}'
    y = '0 ${mfr_final}'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [mfr_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = bc_inlet
    parameter = m_dot
    function = mfr_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pressure_vpp]
    type = ADSampler1DReal
    block = 'ch_1'
    property = 'p'
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 50
  dt = 1

  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_start_time = ${ramp_time}

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    create_final_symlink = true
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/steady.i)

# Tests that a flow channel can run with Steady executioner.
#
# Note that this solve may fail to converge based on initial guess. For example,
# having a guess with velocity set to zero will fail to converge.

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 2
    T = 500
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 50
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 1

    f = 10.0
    closures = simple_closures
    fp = fp

    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 2e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/square_wave/square_wave.i)

# Square wave problem

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.1 0.6 1.0'
    y = '2.8 1.4 2.8'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 400
    A = 1.0

    # IC
    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = 1
    initial_vel = 1

    f = 0
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 2
  []
  solve_type = LINEAR

  l_tol = 1e-4

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  # run to t = 0.3
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 2e-4
  num_steps = 1500
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'square_wave'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'p T vel'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/01_flow_channel.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 25
    A = 7.2548e-3
    D_h = 7.0636e-2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = basic

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 1000
  dt = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/phy.shower.i)

# This problem models a "shower": water from two pipes, one hot and one cold,
# mixes together to produce a temperature between the two.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  # global parameters for pipes
  fp = eos
  orientation = '1 0 0'
  length = 1
  n_elems = 20
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-6'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet_hot]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe_hot:in'
    # rho @ (p = 1e5, T = 310 K)
    rho = 1315.9279785683
    vel = 1
  []
  [inlet_cold]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe_cold:in'
    # rho @ (p = 1e5, T = 280 K)
    rho = 1456.9202619863
    vel = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe_warm:out'
    p = 1e5
  []

  [pipe_hot]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 1 0'
    A = 1
  []
  [pipe_cold]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    A = 1
  []
  [pipe_warm]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0.5 0'
    A = 2
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe_cold:out pipe_hot:out pipe_warm:in'
    position = '1 0.5 0'
    volume = 1e-8
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-2
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 5
  dt = 0.05

  # abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # These post-processors are used to test that the energy flux on
  # the warm side of the junction is equal to the sum of the energy
  # fluxes of the hot and cold inlets to the junction.
  [energy_flux_hot]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = pipe_hot:out
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energy_flux_cold]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = pipe_cold:out
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energy_flux_warm]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = pipe_warm:in
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energy_flux_inlet_sum]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_flux_hot energy_flux_cold'
  []
  [test_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = energy_flux_warm
    value2 = energy_flux_inlet_sum
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = test_rel_err
    sync_only = true
    sync_times = '3 4 5'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/freefall/freefall.i)

# Tests acceleration of a fluid due to gravity. The flow exiting the bottom
# of the flow channel enters the top, so the flow should uniformly accelerate
# at the rate of acceleration due to gravity.

acceleration = -10.0
dt = 0.1
num_steps = 5
time = ${fparse num_steps * dt}

# The expected velocity is the following:
#   u = a * t
#     = -10 * 0.5
#     = -5

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 ${acceleration}'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816
    q = -1.167e6
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1e9
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
    A = 1
    f = 0
    fp = fp
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe:in pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  end_time = ${time}
  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = ${num_steps}
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [vel_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = 'vel'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  velocity_as_vector = false
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/fin_enhancement.i)

# This test has 2 pipes, each surrounded by a cylindrical HS:
#
#   - pipe1: no fin heat transfer enhancement
#   - pipe2: fin heat transfer enhancement

diam = 0.01
area = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * diam^2}

length = 1.0
n_elems = 10

t_hs = 0.02
n_elems_radial = 5

rho_inlet = 1359.792245 # @ T = 300 K, p = 1e5 Pa
vel_inlet = 1.0
T_inlet = 300
p_outlet = 1e5
T_initial_hs = 800
mfr_inlet = ${fparse rho_inlet * vel_inlet * area}

htc = 100

# Suppose that there are 20 rectangular, 1-mm-thick fins of height 1 mm over the length
# of the cooled section.
n_fin = 20
h_fin = 0.001
t_fin = 0.001
A_fin_single = ${fparse (2 * h_fin + t_fin ) * length}
A_fin = ${fparse n_fin * A_fin_single}
A_cooled = ${fparse pi * diam * length}
A_total = ${fparse A_fin + A_cooled - n_fin * t_fin * length}
fin_area_fraction = ${fparse A_fin / A_total}
area_increase_factor = ${fparse A_total / A_cooled}
fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse (2 * length + 2 * t_fin) / (length * t_fin)}

k_fin = 15.0

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [sp_ss316]
    type = ThermalSS316Properties
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [fin_efficiency_fmat]
    type = FinEfficiencyFunctorMaterial
    fin_height = ${h_fin}
    fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse fin_perimeter_area_ratio}
    heat_transfer_coefficient = ${htc}
    thermal_conductivity = ${k_fin}
    fin_efficiency_name = fin_efficiency
  []
  [fin_enhancement_fmat]
    type = FinEnhancementFactorFunctorMaterial
    fin_efficiency = fin_efficiency
    fin_area_fraction = ${fin_area_fraction}
    area_increase_factor = ${area_increase_factor}
    fin_enhancement_factor_name = fin_enhancement
  []
[]

[Components]
  # pipe1

  [pipe1_inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    m_dot = ${mfr_inlet}
    T = ${T_inlet}
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    A = ${area}
    initial_T = ${T_inlet}
    initial_p = ${p_outlet}
    initial_vel = ${vel_inlet}
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []
  [pipe1_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_outlet}
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    hs = hs1
    hs_side = inner
    Hw = ${htc}
  []
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    inner_radius = ${fparse 0.5 * diam}
    names = 'main'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${t_hs}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    initial_T = ${T_initial_hs}
    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-5
  []

  # pipe 2

  [pipe2_inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    m_dot = ${mfr_inlet}
    T = ${T_inlet}
    input = 'pipe2:in'
  []
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    position = '0 0.5 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    A = ${area}
    initial_T = ${T_inlet}
    initial_p = ${p_outlet}
    initial_vel = ${vel_inlet}
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []
  [pipe2_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_outlet}
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []
  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe2
    hs = hs2
    hs_side = inner
    Hw = ${htc}
    scale = fin_enhancement
  []
  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0.5 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    inner_radius = ${fparse 0.5 * diam}
    names = 'main'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${t_hs}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    initial_T = ${T_initial_hs}
    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pipe1_T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    block = 'pipe1'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [pipe2_T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    block = 'pipe2'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [hs1_T_avg]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'hs1:inner'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hs2_T_avg]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'hs2:inner'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = 10.0
  dt = 1.0

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/equal_area_with_junction.i)

# Tests a junction between 2 flow channels of equal area and orientation. A
# sinusoidal density shape is advected to the right and should not be affected
# by the junction; the solution should be identical to the equivalent
# no-junction solution.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1

  A = 25

  f = 0

  fp = fp

  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0]
    type = CosineHumpFunction
    axis = x
    hump_center_position = 1
    hump_width = 0.5
    hump_begin_value = 250
    hump_center_value = 300
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # Stagnation property with p = 1e5 Pa, T = 250 K, vel = 1 m/s
    p0 = 100000.68965687
    T0 = 250.00049261084
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1

    initial_T = T0

    n_elems = 25
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'

    position = '1.02 0 0'
    volume = 1.0

    initial_T = T0
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0

    scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
    scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.96

    initial_T = T0

    n_elems = 24
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = 'bdf2'
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [junction_rho]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhou]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhouV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhoE]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_scalars_on = 'none'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/steady_state.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  initial_T = 500
  initial_p = 6.e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '16 356 6.5514e3'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi/2)+2*sin(pi*y) +507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '-1 0 -2.5'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 2
    A = 0.3
    D_h = 0.1935483871
    f = 0.1
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'pipe'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:right
    P_hf = 3
    Hw = 1000
  []
  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = box.e
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_T = Ts_init
  []
  [right_bnd]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:bottom
    T = Ts_init
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/err.not_a_3d_hs.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-3'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1000
    cp = 100
    k = 30
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1000*y+300+30*z'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 6
    length = 1
    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    A   = 0.00314159
    D_h  = 0.2
    f = 0.01
  []
  [in]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 300
  []
  [out]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch:out'
    p = 1.01e5
  []
  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    widths = 0.1
    inner_radius = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 6
    n_part_elems = 1
    initial_T = T_init
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = blk
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'fch'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:inner
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = 0.156434465
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs]
    type = HeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = blk:0
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_fch]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    block = fch
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_fch energy_hs'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
   compute_relative_change = false
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  solve_type = PJFNK
  line_search = basic
  num_steps = 1000
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-08
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_component_real_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values set by SetComponentRealValueControl are used.
# Function T0_fn prescribes values for T0 at inlet. We output the function
# values via a postprocessor `T_fn` and the inlet values via another
# postprocessor `T_ctrl`. Those two values have to be equal.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 350.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '350 345'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [T_inlet_fn]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = T0_fn
  []

  [set_inlet_value]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
    value = T_inlet_fn:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_fn]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = T0_fn
  []

  [T_ctrl]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/area_constriction/area_constriction_junction.i)

# This test features air flowing through a channel whose cross-sectional area
# shrinks to half its value in the right half. Assuming incompressible flow
# conditions, such as having a low Mach number, the velocity should approximately
# double from inlet to outlet. In this version of the test, the area discontinuity
# is achieved by connecting two flow channels with a junction.

p_outlet = 1e5

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = ${p_outlet}

  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    rho = 1.16263315948279 # rho @ (p = 1e5 Pa, T = 300 K)
    vel = 1
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 50

    A = 1
    initial_vel = 1
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 50

    A = 0.5
    initial_vel = 2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = ${p_outlet}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = 10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.001
    optimal_iterations = 5
    iteration_window = 1
    growth_factor = 1.2
  []

  steady_state_detection = true

  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
  show = 'A rho vel p'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_coupled_flux_1phase/main.i)

outlet_p = 1e5
initial_T = 300
R_pipe = 0.1
A_pipe = ${fparse pi * R_pipe^2}
A_coupled = ${A_pipe}
V_junction = ${fparse 4/3 * pi * R_pipe^3}

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  initial_T = ${initial_T}
  initial_p = ${outlet_p}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p = ${outlet_p}
  []
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
  []
  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe:out'
    position = '1.0 0 0'
    volume = ${V_junction}
  []
  [junction_flux]
    type = VolumeJunctionCoupledFlux1Phase
    volume_junction = junction
    A_coupled = ${A_coupled}
    pp_suffix = test
    multi_app = child
    normal_from_junction = '1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[MultiApps]
  [child]
    type = TransientMultiApp
    app_type = ThermalHydraulicsApp
    input_files = child.i
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 0.1

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/phy.conservation.i)

# Testing energy conservation with fluid at rest

P_hf = ${fparse 0.6 * sin (pi/24)}

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[Materials]
  [mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    block = 'blk:0'
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '1000 100 30'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1000*y+300+30*z'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [in1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
  []
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.15 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 0
    closures = simple_closures
    A = 0.00314159
    f = 0.0
  []
  [out1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'fch1:out'
  []

  [in2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'fch2:in'
  []
  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.15 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    initial_T = 350
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 0
    closures = simple_closures
    A = 0.00314159
    f = 0.0
  []
  [out2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'fch2:out'
  []

  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = mesh.e
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_T = T_init
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'fch1 fch2'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:rmin
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = blk:0
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_fch1]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    block = fch1
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_fch2]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    block = fch2
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_fch1 energy_fch2 energy_hs'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = basic
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.conservation'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'energy_change'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/surrogate_power_profile/surrogate_power_profile.i)

# This takes an exodus file with a power profile and uses that in a heat structure
# of a core channel as power density.  This tests the capability of taking a
# rattlesnake generated power profile and using it in RELAP-7.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 15.5e6
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 559.15

  gravity_vector = '0 -9.8 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.6
    cp = 1.
    rho = 1.
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 21.5
    cp = 350.
    rho = 6.55e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [CCH1:pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.02 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 20

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01
    fp = water
  []

  [CCH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.024748 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 20

    initial_T = 559.15
    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.004096 0.0001 0.000552'
    n_part_elems = '5 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CCH1:hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = CCH1:pipe
    hs = CCH1:solid
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 5.33e4
    P_hf = 2.9832563838489e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'CCH1:pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 559.15
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'CCH1:pipe:out'
    p = 15.5e6
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [reactor_power_density_uo]
    type = SolutionUserObject
    mesh = 'power_profile.e'
    system_variables = power_density
    translation = '0. 0. 0.'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [power_density_fn]
    type = SolutionFunction
    from_variable = power_density
    solution = reactor_power_density_uo
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'CCH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [power_density_aux]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = power_density
    function = power_density_fn
    block = 'CCH1:solid:fuel'
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10
  dt = 1e-2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 9.5e4
  initial_T = 310
  initial_vel = 2

  gravity_vector = '9.81 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1. 1.'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.0

    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type -snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = 'test       1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/delay_control/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300.
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [p0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   0.2     0.4     0.6     0.8'
    y = '1e5 1.002e5 1.002e5 1.001e5 1.001e5'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 5
    A   = 0.01
    D_h = 0.1
    f = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 300.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [p0_fn_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = p0
    function = p0_fn
  []

  [delay_ctrl]
    type = DelayControl
    input = p0_inlet
    tau = 0.3
    initial_value = 1e5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0_inlet_delayed]
    type = RealControlDataValuePostprocessor
    control_data_name = delay_ctrl:value
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [p0_inlet]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = p0_fn
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1.0
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/copy_postprocessor_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values copied by CopyPostprocessorValueControl are used.
# A postprocessor T_pt samples value at point (0, 0, 0), those values are then
# read in by CopyPostprocessorValueControl and then we output this value. The values
# are lagged by one time step, because controls are executed at the beginning
# of the time step and postprocessors at the end of the time step. Note that
# CopyPostprocessorValueControl is added when a postprocessor is created. That's why
# you do not see the object in this input file.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 340.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_pt]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe1:in
    variable = T
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [T_ctrl]
    type = RealControlDataValuePostprocessor
    control_data_name = T_pt
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 3
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_z.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - z) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-1'

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h  = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.1 0 1'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    rotation = 90

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 2
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/william_louis/3pipes_open.i)

# Junction of 3 pipes:
#
#   1     3
# -----*-----
#      | 2
#
# The left end of Pipe 1 is a high-pressure region, and the rest of the system
# is at a low pressure.
#
# Pipe 1 is closed, while Pipes 2 and 3 are open.

end_time = 0.07

D_pipe = 0.01
A_pipe = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D_pipe^2}
length_pipe1_HP = 0.53
length_pipe1_LP = 3.10
length_pipe2 = 2.595
length_pipe3 = 1.725

x_junction = ${fparse length_pipe1_HP + length_pipe1_LP}

# Numbers of elements correspond to dx ~ 1/3 cm
n_elems_pipe1_HP = 159
n_elems_pipe1_LP = 930
n_elems_pipe2 = 779
n_elems_pipe3 = 518

S_junction = ${fparse 3 * A_pipe}
r_junction = ${fparse sqrt(S_junction / (4 * pi))}
V_junction = ${fparse 4/3 * pi * r_junction^3}

p_low = 1e5
p_high = 1.15e5

T_low  = 283.5690633 # at p = 1e5 Pa,    rho = 1.23 kg/m^3
T_high = 283.5690633 # at p = 1.15e5 Pa, rho = 1.4145 kg/m^3

cfl = 0.95

[GlobalParams]
  # common FlowChannel1Phase parameters
  A = ${A_pipe}
  initial_vel = 0
  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.029
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [initial_T_pipe1_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0 ${length_pipe1_HP}'
    y = '${T_high} ${T_low}'
  []
  [initial_p_pipe1_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0 ${length_pipe1_HP}'
    y = '${p_high} ${p_low}'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '${length_pipe1_HP} ${length_pipe1_LP}'
    n_elems = '${n_elems_pipe1_HP} ${n_elems_pipe1_LP}'
    initial_p = initial_p_pipe1_fn
    initial_T = initial_T_pipe1_fn
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in pipe3:in'
    initial_p = ${p_low}
    initial_T = ${T_low}
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    volume = ${V_junction}
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    apply_velocity_scaling = true
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${length_pipe2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_pipe2}
    initial_p = ${p_low}
    initial_T = ${T_low}
  []
  [pipe2_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = ${p_low}
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${length_pipe3}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_pipe3}
    initial_p = ${p_low}
    initial_T = ${T_low}
  []
  [pipe3_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
    p = ${p_low}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [cfl_dt]
    type = ADCFLTimeStepSize
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2 pipe3'
    CFL = ${cfl}
    c_names = 'c'
    vel_names = 'vel'
  []
  [p_pipe1_048]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction - 0.48} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_pipe2_052]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction} -0.52 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_pipe3_048]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction + 0.48} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = ${end_time}

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 1
  []

  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = cfl_dt
  []

  solve_type = LINEAR
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = '3pipes_open'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'p_pipe1_048 p_pipe2_052 p_pipe3_048'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_postprocessors_on = 'NONE'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/passive_transport.i)

A = 0.1
vel_inlet = 10.0
p_outlet = 1e5
rho_inlet = 1.162633159 # rho @ (1e5 Pa, 300 K)

mdot_inlet = ${fparse rho_inlet * vel_inlet * A}
T_inlet = 300

p_initial = ${p_outlet}
T_initial = ${T_inlet}
vel_initial = ${vel_inlet}

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [passiveA_ic]
    type = CosineHumpFunction
    axis = x
    hump_begin_value = 0
    hump_center_value = 0.1
    hump_center_position = 50
    hump_width = 40
  []
  [passiveB_ic]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0 50'
    y = '0.1 0'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 100
    n_elems = 100
    A = ${A}

    initial_T = ${T_initial}
    initial_p = ${p_initial}
    initial_vel = ${vel_initial}
    initial_passives = 'passiveA_ic passiveB_ic'
    passives_names = 'passiveA passiveB'

    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = ${mdot_inlet}
    T = ${T_inlet}
    passives = '0.1 0.05'
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = ${p_outlet}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.2
  num_steps = 5

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'passiveA_times_area passiveB_times_area'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/adapt/multiple_blocks.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1

    f = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos

    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1

    f = 0
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    position = '1 0 0'

    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # (p0, T0) for p = 1e5, T = 300, vel = 1
    p0 = 1.0049827846e+05
    T0 = 300.0000099
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [prec]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-pc_factor_shift_nonzero'
    petsc_options_iname = '-mat_fd_coloring_err'
    petsc_options_value = '1.e-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Adaptivity]
    initial_adaptivity = 0
    refine_fraction = 0.60
    coarsen_fraction = 0.10
    max_h_level = 3
  []

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/err.1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.1 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 4
    n_elems = 2

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 4
    n_elems = 2

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-5
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_velocity_t_1phase/clg.velocity_t_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 444.447
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures

[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    f = 0.0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    vel = 1.0
    T     = 444.447
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_vel_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1 2'
    y = '0 0.1 1'
  []

  [inlet_T_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1 2'
    y = '300 400 440'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [inlet_vel_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = vel
    function = inlet_vel_fn
  []

  [inlet_T_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T
    function = inlet_T_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 20

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

[]

[Postprocessors]
  [vel_inlet]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = vel
  []
  [T_inlet]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = T
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/dependency/test.i)

# This is testing that controls are executed in the correct order
#
# If controls are executed in the right order, then T_inlet_ctrl
# reads the value of temperature (T = 345 K) from a function. Then
# this value is set into the BC and then is it sampled by a
# postprocessor whose value is then written into a CSV file.
#
# If controls were executed in the wrong order, we would sample the
# stagnation temperature function at time t = 0, which would give
# T = 360 K back, and we would see this value in the CSV file instead.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 355.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Stagnation temperature in time
  [T0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1e-5'
    y = '360 345'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_inlet_value_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
    value = T_inlet_ctrl:value
  []

  [T_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = T0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_ctrl]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/adapt/single_block.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 20
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02
    f = 0.
    fp = eos
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    rho = 996.561962436227759
    vel = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'rhoA rhouA rhoEA'

  [console]
    type = Console
    print_mesh_changed_info = true
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  [Adaptivity]
    initial_adaptivity = 0 # There seems to be a bug with non-zero initial adaptivity
    refine_fraction = 0.60
    coarsen_fraction = 0.30
    max_h_level = 4
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/open_brayton_cycle.i)

# This input file is used to demonstrate a simple open-air Brayton cycle using
# a compressor, turbine, shaft, motor, and generator.
# The flow length is divided into 5 segments as illustrated below, where
#   - "(I)" denotes the inlet
#   - "(C)" denotes the compressor
#   - "(T)" denotes the turbine
#   - "(O)" denotes the outlet
#   - "*" denotes a fictitious junction
#
#                  Heated section
# (I)-----(C)-----*--------------*-----(T)-----(O)
#      1       2         3          4       5
#
# Initially the fluid is at rest at ambient conditions, the shaft speed is zero,
# and no heat transfer occurs with the system.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
#   * 0   - 100 s: motor ramps up torque linearly from zero
#   * 100 - 200 s: motor ramps down torque linearly to zero, HTC ramps up linearly from zero.
#   * 200 - 300 s: (no changes; should approach steady condition)

I_motor = 1.0
motor_torque_max = 400.0

I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025

motor_ramp_up_duration = 100.0
motor_ramp_down_duration = 100.0
post_motor_time = 100.0
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}

D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}

A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}

L1 = 10.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${L1}
L4 = ${L1}
L5 = ${L1}

x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${fparse x3 + L3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 + L4}

x2_minus = ${fparse x2 - 0.001}
x2_plus = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
x5_minus = ${fparse x5 - 0.001}
x5_plus = ${fparse x5 + 0.001}

n_elems1 = 10
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}

A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0

A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0

c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112

rated_mfr = 0.25

speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}

speed_initial = 0

eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843

T_hot = 1000
T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5

[GlobalParams]
  orientation = '1 0 0'
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = ${p_ambient}
  initial_T = ${T_ambient}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]

[Functions]
  [motor_torque_time_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
    y = '0 ${motor_torque_max} 0'
  []
  [motor_torque_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0 # controlled
  []
  [motor_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [generator_torque_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'slope * t'
    symbol_names = 'slope'
    symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
  []
  [generator_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [htc_wall_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
    y = '0 0 1e3'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    emit_on_nan = none
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
    initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
  []
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_motor}
    torque = motor_torque_fn
  []
  [generator]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_generator}
    torque = generator_torque_fn
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = ${p_ambient}
    T0 = ${T_ambient}
  []
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x1} 0 0'
    length = ${L1}
    n_elems = ${n_elems1}
    A = ${A1}
  []
  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x2} 0 0'
    inlet = 'pipe1:out'
    outlet = 'pipe2:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
    volume = ${V_comp}

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_comp}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x2} 0 0'
    length = ${L2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems2}
    A = ${A2}
  []
  [junction2_3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
  []
  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} 0 0'
    length = ${L3}
    n_elems = ${n_elems3}
    A = ${A3}
  []
  [junction3_4]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
  []
  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x4} 0 0'
    length = ${L4}
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    A = ${A4}
  []
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x5} 0 0'
    inlet = 'pipe4:out'
    outlet = 'pipe5:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
    volume = ${V_turb}

    treat_as_turbine = true

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_turb}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []
  [pipe5]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x5} 0 0'
    length = ${L5}
    n_elems = ${n_elems5}
    A = ${A5}
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe5:out'
    p = ${p_ambient}
  []

  [heating]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe3
    T_wall = ${T_hot}
    Hw = htc_wall_fn
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [get_motor_torque_control]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = motor_torque_time_fn
  []
  [set_motor_torque_control]
    type = SetRealValueControl
    parameter = Functions/motor_torque_fn/value
    value = get_motor_torque_control:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [heating_rate]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = 'pipe3'
    T = T
    T_wall = T_wall
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [motor_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = motor:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [motor_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = motor_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
    indirect_dependencies = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  [generator_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [generator_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = generator_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
    indirect_dependencies = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  [shaft_speed]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'shaft:omega'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [p_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_minus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_plus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
    expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [p_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x5_minus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x5_plus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_turb]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
    expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [mfr_comp]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = compressor
  []
  [mfr_turb]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe4:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = turbine
  []

  [compressor:isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'compressor'
    variable = 'isentropic_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor:dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'compressor'
    variable = 'dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor:friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'compressor'
    variable = 'friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine:isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'turbine'
    variable = 'isentropic_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine:dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'turbine'
    variable = 'dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine:friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'turbine'
    variable = 'friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = ${t3}
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    optimal_iterations = 5
    iteration_window = 0
    dt = 0.1
    growth_factor = 1.2
    cutback_factor = 0.8
  []
  dtmin = 1e-3
  dtmax = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-50
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = 'open_brayton_cycle'
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb compressor:pressure_ratio turbine:pressure_ratio'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # compressor pressure ratio
  [rp_comp1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # compressor efficiency
  [eff_comp1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []

  # turbine pressure ratio
  [rp_turb0]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [rp_turb1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # turbine efficiency
  [eff_turb1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/abrupt_area_change_liquid/without_junction.i)

# Version without junction

!include base_params.i
!include base.i

[Functions]
  [A_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0 ${xR}'
    y = '${AL} ${AR}'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${fparse lengthL + lengthR}
    n_elems = ${fparse NL + NR}
    A = A_fn
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [dt_cfl]
    block = 'pipe'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = ADSampler1DReal
    block = 'pipe'
    property = 'p vel'
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'without_junction'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/error_checking/non_existent_control_data.i)

# This test makes sure that we error out when a control object requests a data
# that were not declared

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 105.e3
    T0 = 300.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_inlet_value]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
    value = wrong         # this does not exist
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.5
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/base/simulation/err.no_smp.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 9.81'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = water

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '1'
    A = 1
    D_h = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [jct1]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-3
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '1'
    A = 1
    D_h = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 101325
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/02_core.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
  []
  end_time = 5000

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/junction_with_calorifically_imperfect_gas.i)

# This input file tests compatibility of JunctionParallelChannels1Phase and CaloricallyImperfectGas.
# Loss coefficient is applied in first junction.
# Expected pressure drop from form loss ~0.5*K*rho_in*vel_in^2=0.5*100*3.219603*1 = 160.9 Pa
# Pressure drop from averall flow area change ~ 21.9 Pa
# Expected pressure drop ~ 182.8 Pa

T_in = 523.0
vel = 1
p_out = 7e6

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = ${vel}
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  closures = simple_closures
  n_elems = 3
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = '1e2'
  scaling_factor_rhowV = '1e-2'
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = '1e-5'
[]

[Functions]
  [e_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '100   280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 5000'
    y = '783.9 2742.3 2958.6 3489.2 4012.7 4533.3 5053.8 5574 6095.1 7140.2 8192.9 9256.3 10333.6 12543.9 14836.6 17216.3 19688.4 22273.7 25018.3 28042.3 31544.2 35818.1 41256.5 100756.5'
    scale_factor = 1e3
  []

  [mu_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '100   280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 5000'
    y = '85.42 85.42 89.53 99.44 108.9 117.98 126.73 135.2 143.43 159.25 174.36 188.9 202.96 229.88 255.5 280.05 303.67 326.45 344.97 366.49 387.87 409.48 431.86 431.86'
    scale_factor = 1e-7
  []

  [k_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '100 280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 5000'
    y = '186.82 186.82 194.11 212.69 231.55 250.38 268.95 287.19 305.11 340.24 374.92 409.66 444.75 511.13 583.42 656.44 733.32 826.53 961.15 1180.38 1546.31 2135.49 3028.08 3028.08'
    scale_factor = 1e-3
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = CaloricallyImperfectGas
    molar_mass = 0.002
    e = e_fn
    k = k_fn
    mu = mu_fn
    min_temperature = 100
    max_temperature = 5000
    out_of_bound_error = false
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet_bc]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'inlet:in'
    vel = ${vel}
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 11'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 3
  []
  [inlet_plenum]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 10'
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = ${vel}
    K = 100
    connections = 'inlet:out channel1:in channel2:in'
    volume = 1
  []
  [channel1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 4
    D_h = 1
  []
  [channel2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 1
    D_h = 1
  []
  [outlet_plenum]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = ${vel}
    connections = 'channel1:out channel2:out outlet:in'
    volume = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
  []
  [outlet_bc]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_out}
    input = 'outlet:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = inlet:in
  []
  [p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = outlet:out
  []
  [Delta_p]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = p_out
    value2 = p_in
  []
  [inlet_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet_bc'
    equation = mass
  []
  [inlet_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet:out'
    connection_index = 0
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [channel1_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel1:in'
    connection_index = 1
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [channel1_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel1:out'
    connection_index = 0
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [channel2_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel2:in'
    connection_index = 2
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [channel2_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel2:out'
    connection_index = 1
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [outlet_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet:in'
    connection_index = 2
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [outlet_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet_bc'
    equation = mass
  []

  [net_mass_flow_rate_domain]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_in_m_dot outlet_out_m_dot'
    pp_coefs = '1 -1'
  []
  [net_mass_flow_rate_volume_junction]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_out_m_dot channel1_in_m_dot channel2_in_m_dot'
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 20
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    optimal_iterations = 8
    iteration_window = 2
  []
  timestep_tolerance = 1e-6
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  line_search = basic
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 2e-8
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
    show = 'net_mass_flow_rate_domain net_mass_flow_rate_volume_junction Delta_p'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/err.not_a_hs.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 15.5e6
  initial_vel = 2
  initial_T = 560

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1'
  scaling_factor_temperature = '1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = inlet # wrong
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 5.33e4
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []

  [hx2]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = asdf # wrong
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 5.33e4
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 15.5e6
    T0 = 560
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 15e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
  dtmin = 1.e-2

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 1

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 30

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 20
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_component_bool_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values set by SetComponentBoolValueControl are used.
# The `trip_ctrl` component produces a boolean value that is set in the
# `turbine` component to switch it on/off.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 350.
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    connections = 'fch1:out fch2:in'
    volume = 1
    on = false
    power = 1
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch2:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [trip_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 1
      1 2'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [trip_ctrl]
    type = UnitTripControl
    condition = 'val > 1.5'
    symbol_names = 'val'
    symbol_values = 'trip_fn'
  []

  [set_comp_value]
    type = SetComponentBoolValueControl
    component = turbine
    parameter = on
    value = trip_ctrl:state
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [on_ctrl]
    type = BoolComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = turbine
    parameter = on
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'on_ctrl'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/base/component_groups/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  closures = simple_closures

  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_liquid]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hx:wall]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pri_inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'hx/primary:out'
  []

  [pri_outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'hx/primary:in'
  []

  # heat exchanger
  [hx]
    n_elems = 2
    length = 1

    [primary]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '0 1 0'
      orientation = '1 0 0'
      n_elems = ${n_elems}
      length = ${length}
      A = 1
      f = 1
      fp = fp_liquid
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructurePlate
      position = '0 0 0'
      orientation = '1 0 0'
      solid_properties = 'hx:wall'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      n_elems = ${n_elems}
      length = ${length}
      n_part_elems = 1
      names = 0
      widths = 1
      depth = 1
      initial_T = 300
    []

    [ht_primary]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      flow_channel = hx/primary
      hs_side = outer
      Hw = 0
    []

    [ht_secondary]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      flow_channel = hx/secondary
      hs_side = inner
      Hw = 0
    []

    [secondary]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '0 0 0'
      orientation = '1 0 0'
      n_elems = ${n_elems}
      length = ${length}
      A = 1
      f = 1
      fp = fp_liquid
    []
  []

  [sec_inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'hx/secondary:out'
  []
  [sec_outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'hx/secondary:in'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [console]
    type = Console
    system_info = ''
    enable = false
  []
[]

[Debug]
  print_component_loops = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/jac.1phase.i)

[Materials]
  [mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    block = 'blk:0'
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '1000 100 30'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1000*y+300+30*z'
  []
[]
[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-3'
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]
[Components]
  [fch]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 6
    length = 1
    initial_T = T_init
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 0
    closures = simple_closures
    A   = 0.00314159
    D_h  = 0.2
    f = 0.01
  []
  [in]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 300
  []
  [out]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch:out'
    p = 1.01e5
  []
  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = mesh.e
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_T = T_init
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'fch'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:rmin
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = 0.1564344650402309
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = blk:0
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_fch]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    block = fch
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_fch energy_hs'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]
[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
    petsc_options_value = ' 1e-9'
  []
[]
[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1

  solve_type = PJFNK
  line_search = basic
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.conservation'
  csv = true
  show = 'energy_change'
  execute_on = 'final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/restart_1phase/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [jct1]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [jct2]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
    position = '2 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '2 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0.01 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    T = 507
    vel = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
    p = 6e6
  []

  [hx3ext]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe3
    P_hf = 0.0449254
    Hw = 100000
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  automatic_scaling = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/err.wrong_end.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [barotropic]
    type = LinearFluidProperties
    p_0 = 1.e5     # Pa
    rho_0 = 1.e3   # kg/m^3
    a2 = 1.e7      # m^2/s^2
    beta = .46e-3 # K^{-1}
    cv = 4.18e3    # J/kg-K, could be a global parameter?
    e_0 = 1.254e6  # J/kg
    T_0 = 300      # K
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = barotropic
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:asdf'      # this is an error we are checking for
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 9.5e4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [FDP_PJFNK]
    type = FDP
    full = true

    petsc_options_iname = '-mat_fd_coloring_err'
    petsc_options_value = '1.e-10'
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1e-4
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/woodward_colella_blast_wave/woodward_colella_blast_wave.i)

# Woodward-Colella blast wave problem

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [p_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.1  0.9  1.0'
    y = '1000 0.01 100'
  []
  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.1  0.9   1.0'
    y = '1400 0.014 140'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 500
    A = 1.0

    # IC
    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 2
  []
  solve_type = LINEAR

  l_tol = 1e-4

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  # run to t = 0.038
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 3800
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'woodward_colella_blast_wave'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'p T vel'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/phy.shower.i)

# This problem models a "shower": water from two pipes, one hot and one cold,
# mixes together to produce a temperature between the two.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  # global parameters for pipes
  fp = eos
  orientation = '1 0 0'
  length = 1
  n_elems = 20
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-6'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet_hot]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe_hot:in'
    # rho @ (p = 1e5, T = 310 K)
    rho = 1315.9279785683
    vel = 1
  []
  [inlet_cold]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe_cold:in'
    # rho @ (p = 1e5, T = 280 K)
    rho = 1456.9202619863
    vel = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe_warm:out'
    p = 1e5
  []

  [pipe_hot]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 1 0'
    A = 1
  []
  [pipe_cold]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    A = 1
  []
  [pipe_warm]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0.5 0'
    A = 2
    initial_vel = 0.5
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'pipe_cold:out pipe_hot:out pipe_warm:in'
    position = '1 0.5 0'
    volume = 1e-8
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-2
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 5
  dt = 0.05

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # These post-processors are used to test that the energy flux on
  # the warm side of the junction is equal to the sum of the energy
  # fluxes of the hot and cold inlets to the junction.
  [energy_flux_hot]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = pipe_hot:out
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energy_flux_cold]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = pipe_cold:out
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energy_flux_warm]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = pipe_warm:in
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energy_flux_inlet_sum]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_flux_hot energy_flux_cold'
  []
  [test_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = energy_flux_warm
    value2 = energy_flux_inlet_sum
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = test_rel_err
    sync_only = true
    sync_times = '3 4 5'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_density_velocity_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 2

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1. 1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    rho = 805
    vel = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-2
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type -snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = 'test       1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/pump_1phase/pump_pressure_check.i)

# This test checks that the expected pressure rise due to the user supplied
# pump head matches the actual pressure rise across the pump.
# The orientation of flow channels in this test have no components in the z-direction
# due to the expected_pressure_rise_fcn not accounting for hydrostatic pressure.

head = 95.
dt = 0.1
g = 9.81
volume = 0.567

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 393.15
  initial_vel = 0.0372
  A = 0.567
  f = 0
  fp = fp
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [expected_pressure_rise_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'rhoV * g * head / volume'
    symbol_names = 'rhoV g head volume'
    symbol_values = 'pump_rhoV ${g} ${head} ${volume}'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 20
    T = 393.15
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    initial_p = 1.318964e+07
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    initial_p = 1.318964e+07
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    head = ${head}
    volume = ${volume}
    A_ref = 0.567
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 1
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '0 2 0'
    length = 0.96
    initial_p = 1.4072E+07
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1.4072E+07
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'implicit-euler'
  start_time = 0
  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = 4
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pump_rhoV]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [expected_pressure_rise]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_pressure_rise_fcn
    indirect_dependencies = 'pump_rhoV'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_inlet]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'pipe1:out'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_outlet]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'pipe2:in'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [actual_pressure_rise]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = p_outlet
    value2 = p_inlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [pressure_rise_diff]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = actual_pressure_rise
    value2 = expected_pressure_rise
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
    show = 'pressure_rise_diff'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/closures/functor_closures/functor_closures.i)

# Tests FunctorClosures and the ability to provide multiple closures objects
# to a flow channel.
#
# Air in a sealed tube has two convective heat transfers applied, with equal
# and opposite initial temperature differences, so with equal heated perimeters
# and heat transfer coefficients, the temperature in the channel should not
# change; however, the first heat transfer, which has a higher temperature,
# has a larger heat transfer coefficient provided by its closures, so the
# temperature in the channel should increase.

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = AirSBTLFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  # Note that these could be combined into a single object, but they are kept
  # separate for testing multiple closures objects:
  [friction_closures]
    type = FunctorClosures
    properties = 'f_D'
    functors = '0'
  []
  [ht_closures]
    type = FunctorClosures
    properties = 'Hw:1 Hw:2'
    functors = '10.0 1.0'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10.0
    n_elems = 50
    A = 0.2

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 300
    initial_vel = 0

    fp = fp_air
    closures = 'friction_closures ht_closures'
  []

  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []

  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    T_wall = 400
  []
  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    T_wall = 200
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 5

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_stagnation_p_t_1phase/clg.ctrl_p0_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0.0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = fp
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_p0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1'
    y = '1e5 1.001e5'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_inlet_value]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = p0
    function = inlet_p0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_p0]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = p0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/mesh_only/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1.e0 1.e-4 1.e-6'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
     rho = 1
     cp = 1
     k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructurePlate
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    depth = 0.1
    names = 'blk'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '0.1'
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructurePlate
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    depth = 0.1
    names = 'blk'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '0.1'
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [hs3]
    type = HeatStructurePlate
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    depth = 0.1
    names = 'blk'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '0.1'
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:in pipe2:in pipe3:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [in1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
  [in2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []
  [in3]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/base/simulation/loop_identification.i)

# This test tests the loop identification function, which creates a map of component
# names to a loop name. "Loops" are defined to be sets of components which are
# physically connected - heat exchanger connections do not constitute physical
# connections in this sense. Note that this test is not meant to actually perform
# any physical computations, so dummy values are provided for the required parameters.
#
# The test configuration for this test is the following:
#
# pipe1 -> corechannel:pipe -> pipe2 -> hx:primary -> pipe1
#       j1                  j2       j3                 j4
#
# inlet -> hx:secondary -> outlet
#
# This test uses the command-line option "--print-component-loops" to print out
# the lists of components in each loop, with the desired output being the
# following:
#
# Loop 1:
#
#   corechannel:pipe
#   hx:primary
#   j1
#   j2
#   j3
#   j4
#   pipe1
#   pipe2
#
# Loop 2:
#
#   hx:secondary
#   inlet
#   outlet

[GlobalParams]
  closures = simple_closures

  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_liquid]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hx:wall]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  # PRIMARY LOOP

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1
    f = 1
    fp = fp_liquid
  []
  [j1]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out corechannel:in'
  []
  [corechannel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1
    f = 1
    fp = fp_liquid
  []
  [j2]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'corechannel:out pipe2:in'
  []
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1
    f = 1
    fp = fp_liquid
  []
  [j3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out hx:primary:in'
  []
  [hx:primary]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1
    f = 1
    fp = fp_liquid
  []
  [j4]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'hx:primary:out pipe1:in'
  []

  # HEAT EXCHANGER

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructurePlate
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    solid_properties = hx:wall
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 1
    names = 0
    widths = 1
    depth = 1
    initial_T = 300
  []
  [ht_primary]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    flow_channel = hx:primary
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 0
  []
  [ht_secondary]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    flow_channel = hx:secondary
    hs_side = inner
    Hw = 0
  []

  # SECONDARY LOOP

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'hx:secondary:out'
  []
  [hx:secondary]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1
    f = 1
    fp = fp_liquid
  []
  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'hx:secondary:in'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [console]
    type = Console
    system_info = ''
    enable = false
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/pump_1phase/clg.head.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 393.15
  initial_vel = 0.0372
  f = 0
  fp = fp

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e-2 1e-2 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [pump_head_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0  0.5'
    y = '0  1  '
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 20
    T = 393.15
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 0.567

    initial_p = 1.318964e+07
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    head = 0
    volume = 0.567
    A_ref = 0.567

    initial_p = 1.318964e+07
    initial_vel_x = 0.0372
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
    scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.96
    n_elems = 10
    A = 0.567

    initial_p = 1.4072e+07
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1.4072e+07
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [pump_head_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    function = pump_head_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pump_head]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = pump
    parameter = head
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'pump_head'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/recuperated_brayton_cycle.i)

# This input file models an open, recuperated Brayton cycle with a PID
# controlled start up using a coupled motor.
#
# Heat is supplied to the system by a volumetric heat source, and a second heat
# source is used to model a recuperator. The recuperator transfers heat from the
# turbine exhaust gas to the compressor outlet gas.
#
# Initially the fluid and heat structures are at rest at ambient conditions,
# and the shaft speed is zero.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
#   * 0   - 2000 s: Motor increases shaft speed to approx. 85,000 RPM by PID control
#   * 1000 - 8600 s: Power in main heat source increases from 0 - 104 kW
#   * 2000 - 200000 s: Torque supplied by turbine increases to steady state level
#                      as working fluid temperature increases. Torque supplied by
#                      the motor is ramped down to 0 N-m transitioning shaft control
#                      to the turbine at its rated speed of 96,000 RPM.


I_motor = 1.0

I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025

motor_ramp_up_duration = 3605
motor_ramp_down_duration = 1800
post_motor_time = 2160000
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}

D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
D6 = ${D1}
D7 = ${D1}
D8 = ${D1}

A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
A6 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D6^2}
A7 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D7^2}
A8 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D8^2}

recuperator_width = 0.15

L1 = 5.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L4 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L5 = ${L1}
L6 = ${L1}
L7 = ${fparse L1 + recuperator_width}
L8 = ${L1}

x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${x3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 - L4}
x6 = ${x5}
x7 = ${fparse x6 + L6}
x8 = ${fparse x7 + L7}

y1 = 0
y2 = ${y1}
y3 = ${y2}
y4 = ${fparse y3 - L3}
y5 = ${y4}
y6 = ${fparse y5 + L5}
y7 = ${y6}
y8 = ${y7}

x1_out = ${fparse x1 + L1 - 0.001}
x2_in = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
y5_in = ${fparse y5 + 0.001}
x6_out = ${fparse x6 + L6 - 0.001}
x7_in = ${fparse x7 + 0.001}
y8_in = ${fparse y8 + 0.001}
y8_out = ${fparse y8 + L8 - 0.001}
hot_leg_in = ${y8_in}
hot_leg_out = ${y8_out}
cold_leg_in = ${fparse y3 - 0.001}
cold_leg_out = ${fparse y3 - (L3/2) - 0.001}

n_elems1 = 5
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems6 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems7 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems8 = ${n_elems1}

A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0

A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0

c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112

rated_mfr = 0.25

speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}

speed_initial = 0

eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843

T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5

hs_power = 105750
[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = ${p_ambient}
  initial_T = ${T_ambient}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2
  rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    emit_on_nan = none
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]

  ##########################
  # Motor
  ##########################


  # Functions for control logic that determines when to shut off the PID system
  [is_tripped_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
    expression = 'turbine_torque > motor_torque'
  []
  [PID_tripped_constant_value]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [PID_tripped_status_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status'
    symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status'
    expression = 'PID_trip_status'
  []
  [time_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t
  []

  # Shutdown function which ramps down the motor once told by the control logic
  [motor_torque_fn_shutdown]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
    symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
    expression = 'if(PID_trip_status = 1, max(2.4 - (2.4 * ((t - time_trip) / 35000)),0.0), 1)'
  []

  [motor_torque_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0 # controlled
  []
  # Generates motor power curve
  [motor_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  ##########################
  # Generator
  ##########################

  # Generates generator torque curve
  [generator_torque_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'slope * t'
    symbol_names = 'slope'
    symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
  []
  # Generates generator power curve
  [generator_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  ##########################
  # Reactor
  ##########################

  # Ramps up reactor power when activated by control logic
  [power_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1000 8600'
    y = '0 0 ${hs_power}'
  []

  ##########################
  # Compressor
  ##########################

  # compressor pressure ratios
  [rp_comp1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # compressor efficiencies
  [eff_comp1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []

  ##########################
  # Turbine
  ##########################

  # turbine pressure ratios
  [rp_turb0]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [rp_turb1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # turbine efficiency
  [eff_turb1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
[]

[Components]

  # system inlet pulling air from the open atmosphere
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = ${p_ambient}
    T0 = ${T_ambient}
  []

  # Inlet pipe
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x1} ${y1} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L1}
    n_elems = ${n_elems1}
    A = ${A1}
  []

  # Compressor as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020)
  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
    inlet = 'pipe1:out'
    outlet = 'pipe2:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
    volume = ${V_comp}

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    # Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
    speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_comp}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []

  # Outlet pipe from the compressor
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems2}
    A = ${A2}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 2 and 3
  [junction2_cold_leg]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out cold_leg:in'
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A2*0.1}
  []

  # Cold leg of the recuperator
  [cold_leg]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    A = ${A3}
  []

  # Recuperator which transfers heat from exhaust gas to reactor inlet gas to improve thermal efficency
  [recuperator]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    widths = ${recuperator_width}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    n_part_elems = 2
    names = recuperator
    solid_properties = steel
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = ${D1}
  []
  # heat transfer from recuperator to cold leg
  [heat_transfer_cold_leg]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = cold_leg
    hs = recuperator
    hs_side = OUTER
    Hw = 10000
  []
  # heat transfer from hot leg to recuperator
  [heat_transfer_hot_leg]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = hot_leg
    hs = recuperator
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [junction_cold_leg_3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cold_leg:out pipe3:in'
  []
  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} ${fparse y3 - (L3/2)} 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    A = ${A3}
  []
  # 90 degree connection between pipe 3 and 4
  [junction3_4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A3*0.1}
  []

  # Pipe through the "reactor core"
  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = ${L4}
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    A = ${A4}
  []

  # "Reactor Core" and it's associated heat transfer to pipe 4
  [reactor]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    length = ${L4}
    widths = 0.15
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    n_part_elems = 2
    names = core
    solid_properties = steel
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 0
  []
  [heat_generation]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    power = total_power
    hs = reactor
    regions = core
  []
  [heat_transfer]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe4
    hs = reactor
    hs_side = OUTER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 4 and 5
  [junction4_5]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe4:out pipe5:in'
    position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A4*0.1}
  []

  # Pipe carrying hot gas back to the PCU
  [pipe5]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${L5}
    n_elems = ${n_elems5}
    A = ${A5}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 5 and 6
  [junction5_6]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe5:out pipe6:in'
    position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A5*0.1}
  []

  # Inlet pipe to the turbine
  [pipe6]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L6}
    n_elems = ${n_elems6}
    A = ${A6}
  []

  # Turbine as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020) and (Wright 2006)
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
    inlet = 'pipe6:out'
    outlet = 'pipe7:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
    volume = ${V_turb}

    # A turbine is treated as an "inverse" compressor, this value determines if component is to be treated as turbine or compressor
    # If treat_as_turbine is omitted, code automatically assumes it is a compressor
    treat_as_turbine = true

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    # Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
    speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_turb}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []

  # Outlet pipe from turbine
  [pipe7]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L7}
    n_elems = ${n_elems7}
    A = ${A7}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 7 and 8
  [junction7_hot_leg]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe7:out hot_leg:in'
    position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A7*0.1}
  []

  # Hot leg of the recuperator
  [hot_leg]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${L8}
    n_elems = ${n_elems8}
    A = ${A8}
  []

  # System outlet dumping exhaust gas to the atmosphere
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hot_leg:out'
    p = ${p_ambient}
  []

  # Roatating shaft connecting motor, compressor, turbine, and generator
  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
    initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
  []

  # 3-Phase electircal motor used for system start-up, controlled by PID
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_motor}
    torque = 0 # controlled
  []

  # Electric generator supplying power to the grid
  [generator]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_generator}
    torque = generator_torque_fn
  []
[]


# Control logics which govern startup of the motor, startup of the "reactor core", and shutdown of the motor
[ControlLogic]

  # Sets desired shaft speed to be reached by motor NOTE: SHOULD BE SET LOWER THAN RATED TURBINE RPM
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm - 9000}
  []

  # PID with gains determined by iterative process NOTE: Gain values are system specific
  [initial_motor_PID]
    type = PIDControl
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = shaft_RPM
    initial_value = 0
    K_p = 0.0011
    K_i = 0.00000004
    K_d = 0
  []

  # Determines when the PID system should be running and when it should begin the shutdown cycle. If needed: PID output, else: shutdown function
  [logic]
    type = ParsedFunctionControl
    function = 'if(motor+0.5 > turb, PID, shutdown_fn)'
    symbol_names = 'motor turb PID shutdown_fn'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque initial_motor_PID:output motor_torque_fn_shutdown'
  []

  # Takes the output generated in [logic] and applies it to the motor torque
  [motor_PID]
    type = SetRealValueControl
    parameter = Functions/motor_torque_fn/value
    value = logic:value
  []
  # Determines when to turn on heat source
  [power_logic]
    type = ParsedFunctionControl
    function = 'power_fn'
    symbol_names = 'power_fn'
    symbol_values = 'power_fn'
  []
  # Applies heat source to the total_power block
  [power_applied]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
    value = power_logic:value
  []
[]

[Controls]

  # Enables set_PID_tripped
  [PID_trip_status]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    conditional_function = is_tripped_fn
    enable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::PID_trip_status_aux'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  # Enables set_time_PID
  [time_PID]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    conditional_function = PID_tripped_status_fn
    disable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::time_trip_aux'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]

  # Creates a variable that will later be set to the time when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [time_trip]
    order = FIRST
    family = SCALAR
  []

  # Creates variable which indicates if tau_turbine > tau_motor....... If tau_motor > tau_turbine, 0, else 1
  [PID_trip_status]
    order = FIRST
    family = SCALAR
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxScalarKernels]

  # Creates variable from time_fn which indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [time_trip_aux]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    function = time_fn
    variable = time_trip
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  # Overwrites variable PID_trip_status to the value from PID_tripped_constant_value (changes 0 to 1)
  [PID_trip_status_aux]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    function = PID_tripped_constant_value
    variable = PID_trip_status
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
    enable = false
  []
[]


[Postprocessors]

  # Indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [trip_time]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = time_trip
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Motor
  ##########################

  [motor_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = motor:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [motor_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = motor_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # generator
  ##########################

  [generator_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [generator_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = generator_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Shaft
  ##########################

  # Speed in rad/s
  [shaft_speed]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'shaft:omega'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  # speed in RPM
  [shaft_RPM]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'shaft_speed'
    expression = '(shaft_speed * 60) /( 2 * ${fparse pi})'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Compressor
  ##########################
  [comp_dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = dissipation_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [comp_isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = isentropic_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [comp_friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = friction_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor_torque]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'comp_dissipation_torque comp_isentropic_torque comp_friction_torque'
    expression = 'comp_dissipation_torque + comp_isentropic_torque + comp_friction_torque'
  []
  [p_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
    expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'T_in_comp T_out_comp'
    expression = '(T_out_comp - T_in_comp) / T_out_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [mfr_comp]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = compressor
  []

  ##########################
  # turbine
  ##########################

  [turb_dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = dissipation_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turb_isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = isentropic_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turb_friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = friction_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine_torque]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'turb_dissipation_torque turb_isentropic_torque turb_friction_torque'
    expression = 'turb_dissipation_torque + turb_isentropic_torque + turb_friction_torque'
  []
  [p_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_turb]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
    expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [mfr_turb]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe6:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = turbine
  []

  ##########################
  # Recuperator
  ##########################

  [cold_leg_in]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [cold_leg_out]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_out} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hot_leg_in]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hot_leg_out]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_out} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Reactor
  ##########################

  [reactor_inlet]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [reactor_outlet]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x5} ${y5_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = ${t3}
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    growth_factor = 1.1
    cutback_factor = 0.9
  []
  dtmin = 1e-5
  dtmax = 1000
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_start_time = 200000

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname  = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value  = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  [e]
    type = Exodus
    file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle_out'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle'
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_density_velocity_1phase/phy.densityvelocity_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 510
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 3.1415926536e-06
    D_h  = 2.0000000000e-03
    f = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    rho = 805
    vel = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1e-1
  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 50
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 5

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  show = 'rho vel'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_turbine_1phase/shaft_motor_turbine.i)

area = 0.2359
dt = 1.e-3

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 2e5
  initial_T = 600
  initial_vel = 100
  initial_vel_x = 100
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  A = ${area}
  A_ref = ${area}
  f = 100
  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedTurbine1Phase
    inlet = 'pipe:out'
    outlet = 'pipe:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    volume = 0.2
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    omega_rated = 100
    D_wheel = 0.4
    head_coefficient = head
    power_coefficient = power
  []
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10
    n_elems = 20
    initial_p = 2e6
  []

  [dyno]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1e2
    torque = -1e3
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'dyno turbine'
    initial_speed = 300
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [head]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 7e-3 1e-2'
    y = '0 15 20'
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 6e-3 1e-2'
    y = '0 0.05 0.18'
  []

  [S_energy_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-(tau_driving+tau_fr)*omega'
    symbol_names = 'tau_driving tau_fr omega'
    symbol_values = 'driving_torque friction_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [energy_conservation_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(E_change - S_energy * dt) / E_tot'
    symbol_names = 'E_change S_energy dt E_tot'
    symbol_values = 'E_change S_energy ${dt} E_tot'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [driving_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = driving_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = friction_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # mass conservation
  [mass_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_turbine]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_pipes mass_turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_conservation]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = mass_tot
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # energy conservation
  [E_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_turbine]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 1'
    pp_names = 'E_pipes E_turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [S_energy]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = S_energy_fcn
    indirect_dependencies = 'driving_torque friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # This should also execute on initial. This value is
  # lagged by one timestep as a workaround to moose issue #13262.
  [energy_conservation]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = energy_conservation_fcn
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'implicit-euler'

  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = 6

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_one_to_one_1phase/junction_one_to_one_1phase.i)

# This input file simulates the Sod shock tube using a junction in the middle
# of the domain. The solution should be exactly equivalent to the problem with
# no junction. This test examines the solutions at the junction connections
# and compares them to gold values generated from a version of this input file
# that has no junction.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [p_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.0 0.1'
  []

  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.4 1.12'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'left_channel:in'
  []

  [left_channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 50
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'left_channel:out right_channel:in'
  []

  [right_channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 50
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'right_channel:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  l_tol = 1e-4

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [rhoA_left]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhoA
    boundary = left_channel:out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhouA_left]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = left_channel:out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhoEA_left]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhoEA
    boundary = left_channel:out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhoA_right]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhoA
    boundary = right_channel:in
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  # rhouA_right is added by tests file
  [rhoEA_right]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhoEA
    boundary = right_channel:in
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # This is present to test that junction sidesets work properly
  [p_avg_junction]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'junction'
    variable = p
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'rhoA_left rhouA_left rhoEA_left rhoA_right rhouA_right rhoEA_right'
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/equal_area_no_junction.i)

# Tests a junction between 2 flow channels of equal area and orientation. A
# sinusoidal density shape is advected to the right and should not be affected
# by the junction; the solution should be identical to the equivalent
# no-junction solution.
#
# This input file has no junction and is used for comparison to the results with
# a junction.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1

  A = 25

  f = 0

  fp = fp

  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0]
    type = CosineHumpFunction
    axis = x
    hump_center_position = 1
    hump_width = 0.5
    hump_begin_value = 250
    hump_center_value = 300
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # Stagnation property with p = 1e5 Pa, T = 250 K, vel = 1 m/s
    p0 = 100000.68965687
    T0 = 250.00049261084
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2

    initial_T = T0

    n_elems = 50
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = 'bdf2'
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [junction_rhoA]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoA
    point = '1.02 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhouA]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhouA
    point = '1.02 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhoEA]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoEA
    point = '1.02 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rho]
    type = ScalePostprocessor
    value = junction_rhoA
    scaling_factor = 0.04
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhou]
    type = ScalePostprocessor
    value = junction_rhouA
    scaling_factor = 0.04
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhoE]
    type = ScalePostprocessor
    value = junction_rhoEA
    scaling_factor = 0.04
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'junction_rho junction_rhou junction_rhoE'
    execute_scalars_on = 'none'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/free_boundary_1phase/phy.conservation_free_boundary_1phase.i)

# This test tests conservation of mass, momentum, and energy on a transient
# problem with an inlet and outlet (using free boundaries for each). This test
# takes 1 time step with Crank-Nicolson and some boundary flux integral
# post-processors needed for the full conservation statement. Lastly, the
# conservation quantities are shown on the console, which should ideally be zero
# for full conservation.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-6'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [T_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '300 + 10 * (cos(2*pi*x + pi))'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = pipe:in
  []
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = T_fn
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 1

    f = 0

    fp = fp
  []
  [outlet]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = pipe:out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = crank-nicolson
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.01
  dt = 0.01
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-2
  l_max_its = 20

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # MASS

  [massflux_left]
    type = MassFluxIntegral
    boundary = inlet
    arhouA = rhouA
  []
  [massflux_right]
    type = MassFluxIntegral
    boundary = outlet
    arhouA = rhouA
  []
  [massflux_difference]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = massflux_right
    value2 = massflux_left
  []
  [massflux_integral]
    type = TimeIntegratedPostprocessor
    value = massflux_difference
    time_integration_scheme = 'trapezoidal-rule'
  []
  [mass]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = mass
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_conservation]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_change massflux_integral'
  []

  # MOMENTUM

  [momentumflux_left]
    type = MomentumFluxIntegral
    boundary = inlet
    arhouA = rhouA
    vel = vel
    p = p
    A = A
  []
  [momentumflux_right]
    type = MomentumFluxIntegral
    boundary = outlet
    arhouA = rhouA
    vel = vel
    p = p
    A = A
  []
  [momentumflux_difference]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = momentumflux_right
    value2 = momentumflux_left
  []
  [momentumflux_integral]
    type = TimeIntegratedPostprocessor
    value = momentumflux_difference
    time_integration_scheme = 'trapezoidal-rule'
  []
  [momentum]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhouA
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [momentum_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = momentum
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [momentum_conservation]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'momentum_change momentumflux_integral'
  []

  # ENERGY

  [energyflux_left]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = inlet
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energyflux_right]
    type = EnergyFluxIntegral
    boundary = outlet
    arhouA = rhouA
    H = H
  []
  [energyflux_difference]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = energyflux_right
    value2 = energyflux_left
  []
  [energyflux_integral]
    type = TimeIntegratedPostprocessor
    value = energyflux_difference
    time_integration_scheme = 'trapezoidal-rule'
  []
  [energy]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = energy
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [energy_conservation]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_change energyflux_integral'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'mass_conservation momentum_conservation energy_conservation'
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/06_custom_closures.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[Functions]
  [m_dot_sec_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      10 ${m_dot_sec_in}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []

  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [Re_mat]
    type = ADReynoldsNumberMaterial
    Re = Re
    rho = rho
    vel = vel
    D_h = D_h
    mu = mu
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [f_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = f_D
    constant_names = 'a b c'
    constant_expressions = '1 0.1 -0.5'
    material_property_names = 'Re'
    expression = 'a + b * Re^c'
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Pr_mat]
    type = ADPrandtlNumberMaterial
    Pr = Pr
    cp = cp
    mu = mu
    k = k
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Nu_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = 'Nu'
    constant_names = 'a b c'
    constant_expressions = '0.03 0.9 0.5'
    material_property_names = 'Re Pr'
    expression = 'a * Re ^b * Pr^c'
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Hw_mat]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatTransferCoefficientMaterial
    D_h = D_h
    k = k
    Nu = Nu
    Hw = Hw
    block = hx/pri
  []
[]
[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = ${A_core}
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
      closures = ''
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.5'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0.0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []

  [m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = m_dot_sec_fn
  []

  [set_m_dot_sec_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet_sec
    parameter = m_dot
    value = m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []
  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []

  [Hw_hx_pri]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = Hw
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [fD_hx_pri]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = f_D
    block = hx/pri
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_mass_flow_rate_1phase/clg.ctrl_T_3eqn_rdg.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0.0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = fp
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_T_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1'
    y = '300 350'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_inlet_value]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T
    function = inlet_T_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_T]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = T
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_mass_flow_rate_1phase/phy.massflowrate_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 444.447
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02
    f = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.18
    T     = 444.447
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 30

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.massflowrate_3eqn'

  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'rhouA T p'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/outlet_1phase/clg.ctrl_p_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0.0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = fp
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [outlet_p_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1'
    y = '1e5 1.001e5'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_outlet_value]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = outlet
    parameter = p
    function = outlet_p_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [outlet_p]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = outlet
    parameter = p
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/conservation.i)

# Junction between 2 pipes where the second has half the area of the first.
# The momentum density of the second should be twice that of the first.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 20
  initial_vel_x = 20
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  f = 0

  fp = eos

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [K_loss_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.2'
    y = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 1
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [junction1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-2
    K = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 0.5
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [junction2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe1:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-2
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  active = ''
  [K_crtl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = junction1
    parameter = K
    function = K_loss_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.05
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = basic
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 20

[]

[Postprocessors]
  # mass conservation
  [mass_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_junction1]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'junction1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_junction2]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'junction2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_pipes mass_junction1 mass_junction2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = mass_tot
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # energy conservation
  [E_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_junction1]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'junction1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_junction2]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'junction2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_pipes E_junction1 E_junction2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [p_pipe1_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe1:out
    variable = p
  []
  [p_pipe2_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe2:in
    variable = p
  []
  [dp_junction]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = p_pipe1_out
    value2 = p_pipe2_in
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'mass_tot_change E_tot_change'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.43
    cv = 1040.0
    q = 2.03e6
    p_inf = 0.0
    q_prime = -2.3e4
    k = 0.026
    mu = 134.4e-7
    M = 0.01801488
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    A_ref = 1.0
    K = 0
    on = false
    power = 1000
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = ' 1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/william_louis/4pipes_closed.i)

# Junction of 4 pipes:
#
#        4
#        |
# 1 -----*----- 3
#        |
#        2
#
# The left end of Pipe 1 is a high-pressure region, and the rest of the system
# is at a low pressure.
#
# All pipes are closed.

end_time = 0.07

D_pipe = 0.01
A_pipe = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D_pipe^2}
length_pipe1_HP = 0.53
length_pipe1_LP = 3.10
length_pipe2 = 2.595
length_pipe3 = 1.725
length_pipe4 = 0.845

x_junction = ${fparse length_pipe1_HP + length_pipe1_LP}

# Numbers of elements correspond to dx ~ 1/3 cm
n_elems_pipe1_HP = 159
n_elems_pipe1_LP = 930
n_elems_pipe2 = 779
n_elems_pipe3 = 518
n_elems_pipe4 = 254

S_junction = ${fparse 4 * A_pipe}
r_junction = ${fparse sqrt(S_junction / (4 * pi))}
V_junction = ${fparse 4/3 * pi * r_junction^3}

p_low = 1e5
p_high = 1.15e5

T_initial = 283.5690633 # at p = 1e5 Pa, rho = 1.23 kg/m^3

cfl = 0.95

[GlobalParams]
  # common FlowChannel1Phase parameters
  A = ${A_pipe}
  initial_T = ${T_initial}
  initial_vel = 0
  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.029
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [initial_p_pipe1_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0 ${length_pipe1_HP}'
    y = '${p_high} ${p_low}'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '${length_pipe1_HP} ${length_pipe1_LP}'
    n_elems = '${n_elems_pipe1_HP} ${n_elems_pipe1_LP}'
    initial_p = initial_p_pipe1_fn
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in pipe3:in pipe4:in'
    initial_p = ${p_low}
    initial_T = ${T_initial}
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    volume = ${V_junction}
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    apply_velocity_scaling = true
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${length_pipe2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_pipe2}
    initial_p = ${p_low}
  []
  [pipe2_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${length_pipe3}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_pipe3}
    initial_p = ${p_low}
  []
  [pipe3_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
  []

  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x_junction} 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${length_pipe4}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_pipe4}
    initial_p = ${p_low}
  []
  [pipe4_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe4:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [cfl_dt]
    type = ADCFLTimeStepSize
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2 pipe3 pipe4'
    CFL = ${cfl}
    c_names = 'c'
    vel_names = 'vel'
  []
  [p_pipe1_048]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction - 0.48} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_pipe2_052]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction} -0.52 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_pipe3_048]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction + 0.48} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_pipe4_043]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${fparse x_junction} 0.43 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = ${end_time}

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 1
  []

  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = cfl_dt
  []

  solve_type = LINEAR
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = '4pipes_closed'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'p_pipe1_048 p_pipe2_052 p_pipe3_048 p_pipe4_043'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_postprocessors_on = 'NONE'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/components_convergence.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1e4
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1e3

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0

    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1'
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1.1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Convergence]
  [components_conv]
    type = ComponentsConvergence
    max_iterations = 15
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nonlinear_convergence = components_conv
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  verbose = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/phy.energy_walltemperature_ss_1phase.i)

# This test tests conservation of energy at steady state for 1-phase flow when
# wall temperature is specified. Conservation is checked by comparing the
# integral of the heat flux against the difference of the boundary fluxes.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 7.0e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 513

  gravity_vector = '0.0 0.0 0.0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [ht_pipe]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    T_wall = 550
    Hw = 1.0e3
    P_hf = 4.4925e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [hf_pipe]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = pipe
    T_wall = T_wall
    T = T
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [heat_added]
    type = TimeIntegratedPostprocessor
    value = hf_pipe
    time_integration_scheme = 'trapezoidal-rule'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_conservation]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = heat_added
    value2 = E_change
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = crank-nicolson
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  dt = 1e-1

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 50

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 60

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/flow_junction_flux_1phase/flow_junction_flux_1phase.i)

# This input file tests mass conservation at steady-state by looking at the
# net mass flux into the domain.

T_in = 523.0
m_dot = 100
p_out = 7e6

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = 1
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  closures = simple_closures
  n_elems = 3
  f = 0
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet_bc]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'inlet:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot}
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 11'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 3
  []
  [inlet_plenum]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0 0 10'
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 1
    connections = 'inlet:out channel1:in channel2:in'
    volume = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = '1e-5'
  []
  [channel1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 4
    D_h = 1
  []
  [K_bypass]
    type = FormLossFromFunction1Phase
    K_prime = 500
    flow_channel = channel1
  []
  [channel2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 1
    D_h = 1
  []
  [outlet_plenum]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 1
    connections = 'channel1:out channel2:out outlet:in'
    volume = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = '1e-5'
  []
  [outlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
  []
  [outlet_bc]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_out}
    input = 'outlet:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet_bc'
    equation = mass
  []
  [inlet_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet:out'
    connection_index = 0
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [channel1_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel1:in'
    connection_index = 1
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [channel1_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel1:out'
    connection_index = 0
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [channel2_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel2:in'
    connection_index = 2
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [channel2_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel2:out'
    connection_index = 1
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [outlet_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet:in'
    connection_index = 2
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [outlet_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet_bc'
    equation = mass
  []

  [net_mass_flow_rate_domain]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_in_m_dot outlet_out_m_dot'
    pp_coefs = '1 -1'
  []
  [net_mass_flow_rate_volume_junction]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_out_m_dot channel1_in_m_dot channel2_in_m_dot'
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10000
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    optimal_iterations = 8
    iteration_window = 2
  []
  timestep_tolerance = 1e-6
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 2e-8
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
    show = 'net_mass_flow_rate_domain net_mass_flow_rate_volume_junction'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/output/vector_velocity/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300

  f = 0.1
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    length = 1.73205
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '1 1 1'
    connections = 'fch1:out fch2:out'
    volume = 0.1
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '2 2 2'
    orientation = '-1 -1 -1'
    length = 1.73205
    n_elems = 5
    A = 2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch2:in'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.5
  num_steps = 50

  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = basic
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  l_tol = 1e-03

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_converged_reason = false
  print_nonlinear_converged_reason = false
  print_linear_residuals = false

  [out]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = false
    sync_times = '0 5 10 15 20 25'
    show = 'vel_x vel_y vel_z'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/three_pipe_shock/three_pipe_shock.i)

# Test 8 from the following reference:
#
#   F. Daude, P. Galon. A Finite-Volume approach for compressible single- and
#   two-phase flows in flexible pipelines with fluid-structure interaction.
#   Journal of Computational Physics 362 (2018) 375-408.

L1 = 10
L2 = 3
L3 = 5

xJ = ${L1}
x_p1 = ${fparse xJ - 1.05}
x_p2 = ${fparse xJ + 0.15}
x_p3 = ${fparse xJ + 0.95}

N1 = 1000
N2 = 300
N3 = 500

D1 = 0.35682482
D2 = 0.19544100
D3 = 0.35682482

A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
AJ = ${fparse A1 + A2 + A3}
RJ = ${fparse sqrt(AJ / (4 * pi))} # A = 4 pi R^2
VJ = ${fparse 4/3 * pi * RJ^3}

y2 = 1
y3 = -1

gamma = 2.23
p_inf = 1e9 # denoted by "pi" in reference
q = 0
cv = 2500 # arbitrary value; not given in reference

CFL = 0.8
t_end = 0.01

p_out = 80e5

initial_p = ${p_out}
initial_T = 327.1864956 # reference has rho = 1001.89 kg/m^3
initial_vel1 = 1
initial_vel2 = 0.769
initial_vel3 = 0.769

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = ${initial_T}
  initial_p = ${initial_p}

  fp = fp
  closures = closures
  f = 0

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = ${gamma}
    p_inf = ${p_inf}
    q = ${q}
    cv = ${cv}
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L1}
    n_elems = ${N1}
    A = ${A1}
    initial_vel = ${initial_vel1}
  []
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${xJ} ${y2} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L2}
    n_elems = ${N2}
    A = ${A2}
    initial_vel = ${initial_vel2}
  []
  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${xJ} ${y3} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L3}
    n_elems = ${N3}
    A = ${A3}
    initial_vel = ${initial_vel3}
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in pipe3:in'
    position = '${xJ} 0 0'
    volume = ${VJ}
    initial_vel_x = ${initial_vel2} # ?
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    apply_velocity_scaling = true
  []

  [outlet1]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p = ${p_out}
  []
  [outlet2]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = ${p_out}
  []
  [wall3]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [dt_cfl]
    type = ADCFLTimeStepSize
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2 pipe3'
    CFL = ${CFL}
    vel_names = 'vel'
    c_names = 'c'
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x_p1} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x_p2} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x_p3} ${y3} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  end_time = ${t_end}
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt_cfl
  []
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
  []

  solve_type = LINEAR

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Times]
  [output_times]
    type = TimeIntervalTimes
    time_interval = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'three_pipe_shock'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'p1 p2 p3'
    sync_only = true
    sync_times_object = output_times
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_flux_1phase/phy.q_wall_multiple_3eqn.i)

# Tests that energy conservation is satisfied in 1-phase flow when there are
# multiple heat transfer components connected to the same pipe, using specified
# wall heat flux.
#
# This problem has 2 wall heat flux sources, each with differing parameters.
# Solid wall boundary conditions are imposed such that there should be no flow,
# and the solution should be spatially uniform. With no other sources, the
# energy balance is
#   (rho*e*A)^{n+1} = (rho*e*A)^n + dt * [(q1*P1) + (q2*P2)]
# Note that spatial integration is dropped here due to spatial uniformity, and
# E has been replaced with e since velocity should be zero.
#
# For the initial conditions
#   p = 100 kPa
#   T = 300 K
# the density and specific internal energy should be
#   rho = 1359.792245 kg/m^3
#   e = 1.1320645935e+05 J/kg
#
# With the following heat source parameters:
#   q1 = 10 MW/m^2     P1 = 0.2 m
#   q2 = 20 MW/m^2     P2 = 0.4 m
# and A = 1 m^2 and dt = 2 s, the new energy solution value should be
#   (rho*e*A)^{n+1} = 1359.792245 * 1.1320645935e+05 * 1 + 2 * (10e6 * 0.2 + 20e6 * 0.4)
#                   = 173937265.50803775 J/m
#

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 100e3
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1
    f = 0

    # length and number of elements should be arbitrary for the test
    length = 10
    n_elems = 1
  []

  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    q_wall = 10e6
    P_hf = 0.2
    Hw = 1
  []

  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    q_wall = 20e6
    P_hf = 0.4
    Hw = 1
  []

  [left]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [preconditioner]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 2
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 5

  l_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [rhoEA_predicted]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEA
    block = pipe
  []
  # This is included to test the naming of heat transfer quantities in the case
  # of multiple heat transfers connected to a flow channel. This PP is not used
  # in output but just included to ensure that an error does not occur (which is
  # the case if the expected material property name does not exist).
  # See https://github.com/idaholab/moose/issues/26286.
  [q_wall_name_check]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'q_wall:2'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'rhoEA_predicted'
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/err.free.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1. 1.'

  initial_vel = 0
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = water
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1e-4
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_pump_1phase/jacobian.i)

# Pump data used in this test comes from the LOFT Systems Tests, described in NUREG/CR-0247

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
  f = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [pump]
    type = ShaftConnectedPump1Phase
    inlet = 'fch1:out'
    outlet = 'fch2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 0.3
    A_ref = 1
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    omega_rated = 314
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    torque_rated = 47.1825
    volumetric_rated = 1
    head_rated = 58.52
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 9.084 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    head = head_fcn
    torque_hydraulic = torque_fcn
    density_rated = 1
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'pump'
    initial_speed = 1
  []

[]

[Functions]
  [head_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = loft_head_data.csv
    format = columns
  []
  [torque_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = loft_torque_data.csv
    format = columns
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '2e-10'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/equal_area_with_junction.i)

# Tests a junction between 2 flow channels of equal area and orientation. A
# sinusoidal density shape is advected to the right and should not be affected
# by the junction; the solution should be identical to the equivalent
# no-junction solution.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1

  A = 25

  f = 0

  fp = fp

  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0]
    type = CosineHumpFunction
    axis = x
    hump_center_position = 1
    hump_width = 0.5
    hump_begin_value = 250
    hump_center_value = 300
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # Stagnation property with p = 1e5 Pa, T = 250 K, vel = 1 m/s
    p0 = 100000.68965687
    T0 = 250.00049261084
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1

    initial_T = T0

    n_elems = 25
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'

    # NOTE: volume parameters are added via command-line arguments by tests file.
    position = '1.02 0 0'

    initial_T = T0
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0

    scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
    scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.96

    initial_T = T0

    n_elems = 24
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = 'bdf2'
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [junction_rho]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhou]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhouV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhoE]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_scalars_on = 'none'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/outlet_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 2

  gravity_vector = '9.81 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1. 1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-2
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 5

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type -snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = 'test       1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_one_to_one_1phase/constriction_1phase.i)

# This test is used to test the JunctionOneToOne1Phase1Phase component with unequal areas
# at the junction. The downstream flow channel has an area half that of the
# upstream pipe, so there should be a pressure increase just upstream of the
# junction due to the partial wall. The velocity should increase through the
# junction (approximately by a factor of 2, but there are compressibility effects).

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_boundary]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'left_channel:in'
    rho = 466.6666667
    vel = 1
  []

  [left_channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 50
    A = 1.0
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'left_channel:out right_channel:in'
  []

  [right_channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 50
    A = 0.5
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'right_channel:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  l_tol = 1e-4
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'p T vel'
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_base/err.mixed_heat_modes.i)

# Tests that an error is thrown if the user specifies a mixture of heat source
# types (temperature and heat flux).

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 100e3
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp_water
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
  []

  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    q_wall = 1
    P_hf = 1
    Hw = 1
  []

  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = 1
    Hw = 1
  []

  [left]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [preconditioner]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 5

  l_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/abrupt_area_change_liquid/with_junction.i)

# Version with junction

!include base_params.i

# For equivalent comparison to the unsplit case, we reduce the length of the
# right pipe by one element
dx = ${fparse lengthL / NL}
NR_minus_junction = ${fparse NR - 1}
lengthR_minus_junction = ${fparse lengthR - dx}
xR_minus_junction = ${fparse xR + dx}

xJ = ${fparse lengthL + 0.5 * dx}
AJ = ${fparse AL + AR}
RJ = ${fparse sqrt(AJ / (4 * pi))} # A = 4 pi R^2
VJ = ${fparse 4/3 * pi * RJ^3}

!include base.i

[Components]
  [pipeL]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${lengthL}
    n_elems = ${NL}
    A = ${AL}
  []

  [pipeR]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${xR_minus_junction} 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${lengthR_minus_junction}
    n_elems = ${NR_minus_junction}
    A = ${AR}
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipeL:out pipeR:in'
    position = '${xJ} 0 0'
    volume = ${VJ}
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    apply_velocity_scaling = true
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipeL:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipeR:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [dt_cfl]
    block = 'pipeL pipeR'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = ADSampler1DReal
    block = 'pipeL pipeR'
    property = 'p vel'
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'with_junction'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/junction_with_calorifically_imperfect_gas.i)

# This input file tests compatibility of VolumeJunction1Phase and CaloricallyImperfectGas.
# Loss coefficient is applied in first junction.
# Expected pressure drop ~0.5*K*rho_in*vel_in^2=0.5*100*3.219603*1 = 160.9 Pa

T_in = 523.0
vel = 1
p_out = 7e6

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = ${vel}
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  closures = simple_closures
  n_elems = 3
  f = 0
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = '1e2'
  scaling_factor_rhowV = '1e-2'
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = '1e-5'
[]

[Functions]
  [e_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '100   280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 5000'
    y = '783.9 2742.3 2958.6 3489.2 4012.7 4533.3 5053.8 5574 6095.1 7140.2 8192.9 9256.3 10333.6 12543.9 14836.6 17216.3 19688.4 22273.7 25018.3 28042.3 31544.2 35818.1 41256.5 100756.5'
    scale_factor = 1e3
  []

  [mu_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '100   280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 5000'
    y = '85.42 85.42 89.53 99.44 108.9 117.98 126.73 135.2 143.43 159.25 174.36 188.9 202.96 229.88 255.5 280.05 303.67 326.45 344.97 366.49 387.87 409.48 431.86 431.86'
    scale_factor = 1e-7
  []

  [k_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '100 280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 5000'
    y = '186.82 186.82 194.11 212.69 231.55 250.38 268.95 287.19 305.11 340.24 374.92 409.66 444.75 511.13 583.42 656.44 733.32 826.53 961.15 1180.38 1546.31 2135.49 3028.08 3028.08'
    scale_factor = 1e-3
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = CaloricallyImperfectGas
    molar_mass = 0.002
    e = e_fn
    k = k_fn
    mu = mu_fn
    min_temperature = 100
    max_temperature = 5000
    out_of_bound_error = false
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet_bc]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'inlet:in'
    vel = ${vel}
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 11'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 5
  []
  [inlet_plenum]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0 0 10'
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = ${vel}
    K = 100
    connections = 'inlet:out channel1:in channel2:in'
    volume = 1
  []
  [channel1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 4
    D_h = 1
  []
  [channel2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 1
    D_h = 1
  []
  [outlet_plenum]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = ${vel}
    connections = 'channel1:out channel2:out outlet:in'
    volume = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 5
  []
  [outlet_bc]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_out}
    input = 'outlet:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = inlet:in
  []
  [p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = outlet:out
  []
  [Delta_p]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = p_out
    value2 = p_in
  []
  [inlet_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet_bc'
    equation = mass
  []
  [inlet_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'inlet:out'
    connection_index = 0
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [channel1_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel1:in'
    connection_index = 1
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [channel1_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel1:out'
    connection_index = 0
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [channel2_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel2:in'
    connection_index = 2
    junction = inlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [channel2_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'channel2:out'
    connection_index = 1
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []

  [outlet_in_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet:in'
    connection_index = 2
    junction = outlet_plenum
    equation = mass
  []
  [outlet_out_m_dot]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = 'outlet_bc'
    equation = mass
  []

  [net_mass_flow_rate_domain]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_in_m_dot outlet_out_m_dot'
    pp_coefs = '1 -1'
  []
  [net_mass_flow_rate_volume_junction]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_out_m_dot channel1_in_m_dot channel2_in_m_dot'
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 20
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    optimal_iterations = 8
    iteration_window = 2
  []
  timestep_tolerance = 1e-6
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  line_search = basic
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 4e-8
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
    show = 'net_mass_flow_rate_domain net_mass_flow_rate_volume_junction Delta_p'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/closed_brayton_cycle.i)

# This input file is used to demonstrate a simple closed, air Brayton cycle using
# a compressor, turbine, shaft, motor, and generator.
# The flow length is divided into 6 segments as illustrated below, where
#   - "(C)" denotes the compressor
#   - "(T)" denotes the turbine
#   - "*" denotes a fictitious junction
#
#                Heated section               Cooled section
# *-----(C)-----*--------------*-----(T)-----*--------------*
#    1       2         3          4       5         6
#
# Initially the fluid is at rest at ambient conditions, the shaft speed is zero,
# and no heat transfer occurs with the system.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
#   * 0   - 100 s: motor ramps up torque linearly from zero
#   * 100 - 200 s: motor ramps down torque linearly to zero, HTC ramps up linearly from zero.
#   * 200 - 300 s: (no changes; should approach steady condition)

I_motor = 1.0
motor_torque_max = 400.0

I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025

motor_ramp_up_duration = 100.0
motor_ramp_down_duration = 100.0
post_motor_time = 100.0
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}

D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
D6 = ${D1}

A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
A6 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D6^2}

L1 = 10.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${L1}
L4 = ${L1}
L5 = ${L1}
L6 = ${L1}

x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${fparse x3 + L3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 + L4}
x6 = ${fparse x5 + L5}

x2_minus = ${fparse x2 - 0.001}
x2_plus = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
x5_minus = ${fparse x5 - 0.001}
x5_plus = ${fparse x5 + 0.001}

n_elems1 = 10
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems6 = ${n_elems1}

A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0

A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0

c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112

rated_mfr = 0.25

speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}

speed_initial = 0

eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843

T_hot = 1000
T_cold = 300
T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5

[GlobalParams]
  orientation = '1 0 0'
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = ${p_ambient}
  initial_T = ${T_ambient}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]

[Functions]
  [motor_torque_time_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
    y = '0 ${motor_torque_max} 0'
  []
  [motor_torque_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0 # controlled
  []
  [motor_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [generator_torque_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'slope * t'
    symbol_names = 'slope'
    symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
  []
  [generator_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [htc_wall_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
    y = '0 0 1e3'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    emit_on_nan = none
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
    initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
    scaling_factor_omega = 1e-3
  []
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_motor}
    torque = motor_torque_fn
  []
  [generator]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_generator}
    torque = generator_torque_fn
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x1} 0 0'
    length = ${L1}
    n_elems = ${n_elems1}
    A = ${A1}
  []
  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x2} 0 0'
    inlet = 'pipe1:out'
    outlet = 'pipe2:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
    volume = ${V_comp}

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_comp}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x2} 0 0'
    length = ${L2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems2}
    A = ${A2}
  []
  [junction2_3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
  []
  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} 0 0'
    length = ${L3}
    n_elems = ${n_elems3}
    A = ${A3}
  []
  [junction3_4]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
  []
  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x4} 0 0'
    length = ${L4}
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    A = ${A4}
  []
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x5} 0 0'
    inlet = 'pipe4:out'
    outlet = 'pipe5:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
    volume = ${V_turb}

    treat_as_turbine = true

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_turb}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []
  [pipe5]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x5} 0 0'
    length = ${L5}
    n_elems = ${n_elems5}
    A = ${A5}
  []
  [junction5_6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe5:out pipe6:in'
  []
  [pipe6]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x6} 0 0'
    length = ${L6}
    n_elems = ${n_elems6}
    A = ${A6}
  []
  [junction6_1]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'pipe6:out pipe1:in'
  []

  [heating]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe3
    T_wall = ${T_hot}
    Hw = htc_wall_fn
  []
  [cooling]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe6
    T_wall = ${T_cold}
    Hw = htc_wall_fn
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [get_motor_torque_control]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = motor_torque_time_fn
  []
  [set_motor_torque_control]
    type = SetRealValueControl
    parameter = Functions/motor_torque_fn/value
    value = get_motor_torque_control:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [heating_rate]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = 'pipe3'
    T = T
    T_wall = T_wall
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [cooling_rate]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = 'pipe6'
    T = T
    T_wall = T_wall
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [motor_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = motor:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [motor_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = motor_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
    indirect_dependencies = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  [generator_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [generator_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = generator_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
    indirect_dependencies = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  [shaft_speed]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'shaft:omega'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [p_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_minus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_plus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
    expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [p_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x5_minus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x5_plus} 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_turb]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
    expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [mfr_comp]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = compressor
  []
  [mfr_turb]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe4:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = turbine
  []

  [compressor:isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'compressor'
    variable = 'isentropic_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor:dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'compressor'
    variable = 'dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor:friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'compressor'
    variable = 'friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine:isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'turbine'
    variable = 'isentropic_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine:dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'turbine'
    variable = 'dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine:friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'turbine'
    variable = 'friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = ${t3}
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    optimal_iterations = 5
    iteration_window = 0
    dt = 0.1
    growth_factor = 1.2
    cutback_factor = 0.8
  []
  dtmin = 1e-3
  dtmax = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-50
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = 'closed_brayton_cycle'
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb compressor:pressure_ratio turbine:pressure_ratio'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # compressor pressure ratio
  [rp_comp1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # compressor efficiency
  [eff_comp1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []

  # turbine pressure ratio
  [rp_turb0]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [rp_turb1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # turbine efficiency
  [eff_turb1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/05_secondary_side.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[Functions]
  [m_dot_sec_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      10 ${m_dot_sec_in}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []

  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = ${A_core}
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.5'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0.0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []

  [m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = m_dot_sec_fn
  []

  [set_m_dot_sec_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet_sec
    parameter = m_dot
    value = m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []
  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/double_rarefaction/1phase.i)

# Riemann problem that has a double-rarefaction solution

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [vel_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = ' 0.0 0.1'
    y = '-1.0 1.0'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '-1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2.0
    n_elems = 100
    A = 1.0

    # IC
    initial_T = 0.04
    initial_p = 0.2
    initial_vel = vel_ic_fn

    f = 0
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 2
  []
  solve_type = LINEAR

  l_tol = 1e-4

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  # run to t = 0.6
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 600
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = '1phase'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'p T vel'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.energy_heatstructure_ss_1phase.i)

# This test tests conservation of energy at steady state for 1-phase flow when a
# heat structure is used. Conservation is checked by comparing the integral of
# the heat flux against the difference of the boundary fluxes.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 7.0e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 513

  gravity_vector = '0.0 0.0 0.0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.7
    cp = 3.e2
    rho = 10.42e3
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.7
    cp = 5e3
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1e3
  []

  [core:pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [core:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.0071501 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    names =  'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '6.057900E-03  1.524000E-04  9.398000E-04'
    n_part_elems = '5 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 513
  []

  [core:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core:solid
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power = reactor
    power_fraction = 1
  []

  [core:hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core:pipe
    hs   = core:solid
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 1.0e4
    P_hf = 4.4925e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'core:pipe:in'
    rho = 817.382210128610836
    vel = 2.4
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core:pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = outlet
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [hf_pipe]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core:pipe
    T_wall = T_wall
    T = T
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_diff]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_in
    value2 = E_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_conservation]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_diff hf_pipe'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  dt = 5

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 50

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 60

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 260
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_connection/err.connecting_to_non_existent_component.i)

# Tests that we report an error if users try to connect to a non-existent component

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = water
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1e-4
    f = 0
  []
  [inlet_1p]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []
  [outlet_1p]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.01
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/heat_conduction.i)

# This input file is used to test that heat conduction occurs in a flow channel.
# The problem setup consists of a closed pipe full of air with an initial temperature
# discontinuity. Heat should travel from the hot side of the step to the cold step.

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0 0.5'
    y = '300 400'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10
    A = 0.1

    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    enable_heat_conduction = true

    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0

    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []
  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []
  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 10.0
  num_steps = 5

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
  show = 'p T vel'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/steady_state.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  initial_T = 500
  initial_p = 6.e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = 0.01
    widths = 0.1
    initial_T = Ts_init
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = hs
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/sod_shock_tube/sod_shock_tube.i)

# This test problem is the classic Sod shock tube test problem,
# which is a Riemann problem with the following parameters:
#   * domain = (0,1)
#   * gravity = 0
#   * EoS: Ideal gas EoS with gamma = 1.4, R = 0.71428571428571428571
#   * interface: x = 0.5
#   * typical end time: 0.2
# Left initial values:
#   * rho = 1
#   * vel = 0
#   * p = 1
# Right initial values:
#   * rho = 0.125
#   * vel = 0
#   * p = 0.1
#
# The output can be viewed by opening Paraview with the state file `plot.pvsm`:
#   paraview --state=plot.pvsm
# This will plot the numerical solution against the analytical solution

[Functions]
  [p_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.0 0.1'
  []

  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.4 1.12'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 100
    A = 1.0

    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

    # IC
    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
    closures = simple_closures

    rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
  []
  solve_type = LINEAR

  l_tol = 1e-4

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  # run to t = 0.2
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 200
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'sod_shock_tube'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'rho p vel'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_external_app_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_elem_3eqn.child.i)

# This is a part of phy.T_wall_transfer_elem_3eqn test. See the master file for details.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h = 6.1661977237e+00
    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 3000
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
    initial_T_wall = 300.
    var_type = elemental
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.5
  dtmin = 1e-7
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/clg.test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  f = 0
  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.43
    cv = 1040.0
    q = 2.03e6
    p_inf = 0.0
    q_prime = -2.3e4
    k = 0.026
    mu = 134.4e-7
    M = 0.01801488
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [W_dot_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 0
      1 10'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 517
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    A_ref = 1.0
    K = 0
    on = true
    power = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e6
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [W_dot_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = turbine
    parameter = power
    function = W_dot_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_max_its = 5
  l_tol = 1e-4

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [turbine_power]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = W_dot
    block = 'turbine'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'turbine_power'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_flux_1phase/phy.energy_heatflux_ss_1phase.i)

# This test tests conservation of energy at steady state for 1-phase flow when a
# heat flux is specified. Conservation is checked by comparing the integral of
# the heat flux against the difference of the boundary fluxes.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 7.0e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 513

  gravity_vector = '0.0 0.0 0.0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [ht_pipe]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    q_wall = 1.0e5
    Hw = 1.0e4
    P_hf = 4.4925e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  dt = 1

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 50

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 60

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'E_change'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/water_hammer/3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 517.252072255516
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1.e0 1.e0 1.e-2'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [p_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    x = '0      0.5    1'
    y = '7.5e6  6.5e6  6.5e6'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 200

    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.

    initial_p = p_fn
  []

  # BCs
  [left]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [right]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  velocity_as_vector = false
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/equal_area_no_junction.i)

# Tests a junction between 2 flow channels of equal area and orientation. A
# sinusoidal density shape is advected to the right and should not be affected
# by the junction; the solution should be identical to the equivalent
# no-junction solution.
#
# This input file has no junction and is used for comparison to the results with
# a junction.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1

  A = 25

  f = 0

  fp = fp

  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0]
    type = CosineHumpFunction
    axis = x
    hump_center_position = 1
    hump_width = 0.5
    hump_begin_value = 250
    hump_center_value = 300
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # Stagnation property with p = 1e5 Pa, T = 250 K, vel = 1 m/s
    p0 = 100000.68965687
    T0 = 250.00049261084
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2

    initial_T = T0

    n_elems = 50
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = 'bdf2'
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [junction_rhoA]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoA
    point = '1.02 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhouA]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhouA
    point = '1.02 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhoEA]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoEA
    point = '1.02 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rho]
    type = ScalePostprocessor
    value = junction_rhoA
    scaling_factor = 0.04
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhou]
    type = ScalePostprocessor
    value = junction_rhouA
    scaling_factor = 0.04
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [junction_rhoE]
    type = ScalePostprocessor
    value = junction_rhoEA
    scaling_factor = 0.04
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'junction_rho junction_rhou junction_rhoE'
    execute_scalars_on = 'none'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/err.overspecified.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_vel = 0
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = water
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [inlet1]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 10
    T0 = 10
  []

  [inlet2]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 11
    T0 = 10
  []

  [outlet1]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 10
  []

  [outlet2]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 11
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1e-4
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_compressor_1phase/jac.test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  length = 1
  n_elems = 1
  A = 0.1
  A_ref = 0.1

  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e-2 1e-2 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [sw1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:in
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
  []

  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    inlet = 'fch1:out'
    outlet = 'fch2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 0.3
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 9.084 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    omega_rated = 1476.6
    mdot_rated = 2
    rho0_rated = 1.3
    c0_rated = 350
    speeds = '-1.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.5'
    Rp_functions = 'Rp00 Rp00 Rp04 Rp05 Rp06 Rp07 Rp08 Rp09 Rp10 Rp11 Rp11'
    eff_functions = 'eff00 eff00 eff04 eff05 eff06 eff07 eff08 eff09 eff10 eff11 eff11'
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
  []

  [sw2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:out
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'compressor'
    initial_speed = 1476.6
  []

[]

[Functions]
  [Rp00]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.3736 0.4216'
    y = '1 0.9701 0.9619'
  []
  [eff00]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.3736 0.4216'
    y = '0.001 0.8941 0.6641'
  []

  [Rp04]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.3745 0.3753 0.3762 0.3770 0.3919 0.4067 0.4216 0.4826'
    y = '1.0789 1.0779 1.0771 1.0759 1.0749 1.0570 1.0388 1.0204 0.9450'
  []
  [eff04]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.3745 0.3753 0.3762 0.3770 0.3919 0.4067 0.4216 0.4826'
    y = '0.8941 0.8929 0.8925 0.8915 0.8901 0.8601 0.7986 0.6641 0.1115'
  []

  [Rp05]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.4026 0.4106 0.4186 0.4266 0.4346 0.4426 0.4506 0.4586 0.4666 0.4746 0.4826 0.5941'
    y = '1.2898 1.2442 1.2316 1.2189 1.2066 1.1930 1.1804 1.1677 1.1542 1.1413 1.1279 1.1150 0.9357'
  []
  [eff05]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.4026 0.4106 0.4186 0.4266 0.4346 0.4426 0.4506 0.4586 0.4666 0.4746 0.4826 0.5941'
    y = '0.9281 0.9263 0.9258 0.9244 0.9226 0.9211 0.9195 0.9162 0.9116 0.9062 0.8995 0.8914 0.7793'
  []

  [Rp06]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4026 0.4613 0.4723 0.4834 0.4945 0.5055 0.5166 0.5277 0.5387 0.5609 0.5719 0.583 0.5941 0.7124'
    y = '1.5533 1.4438 1.4232 1.4011 1.3793 1.3589 1.3354 1.3100 1.2867 1.2376 1.2131 1.1887 1.1636 0.896'
  []
  [eff06]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4026 0.4613 0.4723 0.4834 0.4945 0.5055 0.5166 0.5277 0.5387 0.5609 0.5719 0.583 0.5941 0.7124'
    y = '0.9148 0.9255 0.9275 0.9277 0.9282 0.9295 0.9290 0.9269 0.9242 0.9146 0.9080 0.900 0.8920 0.8061'
  []

  [Rp07]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4613 0.5447 0.5587 0.5726 0.5866 0.6006 0.6145 0.6285 0.6425 0.6565 0.6704 0.6844 0.6984 0.7124 0.8358'
    y = '1.8740 1.6857 1.6541 1.6168 1.5811 1.5430 1.5067 1.4684 1.4292 1.3891 1.3479 1.3061 1.2628 1.2208 0.8498'
  []
  [eff07]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4613 0.5447 0.5587 0.5726 0.5866 0.6006 0.6145 0.6285 0.6425 0.6565 0.6704 0.6844 0.6984 0.7124 0.8358'
    y = '0.9004 0.9232 0.9270 0.9294 0.9298 0.9312 0.9310 0.9290 0.9264 0.9225 0.9191 0.9128 0.9030 0.8904 0.7789'
  []

  [Rp08]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.5447 0.6638 0.6810 0.6982 0.7154 0.7326 0.7498 0.7670 0.7842 0.8014 0.8186 0.8358 0.9702'
    y = '2.3005 1.9270 1.8732 1.8195 1.7600 1.7010 1.6357 1.5697 1.5019 1.4327 1.3638 1.2925 0.7347'
  []
  [eff08]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.5447 0.6638 0.6810 0.6982 0.7154 0.7326 0.7498 0.7670 0.7842 0.8014 0.8186 0.8358 0.9702'
    y = '0.9102 0.9276 0.9301 0.9313 0.9319 0.9318 0.9293 0.9256 0.9231 0.9153 0.9040 0.8933 0.8098'
  []

  [Rp09]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.6638 0.7762 0.7938 0.8115 0.8291 0.8467 0.8644 0.8820 0.8997 0.9173 0.9349 0.9526 0.9702 1.1107 1.25120'
    y = '2.6895 2.2892 2.2263 2.1611 2.0887 2.0061 1.9211 1.8302 1.7409 1.6482 1.5593 1.4612 1.3586 0.5422 -0.2742'
  []
  [eff09]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.6638 0.7762 0.7938 0.8115 0.8291 0.8467 0.8644 0.8820 0.8997 0.9173 0.9349 0.9526 0.9702 1.1107 1.2512'
    y = '0.8961 0.9243 0.9288 0.9323 0.9330 0.9325 0.9319 0.9284 0.9254 0.9215 0.9134 0.9051 0.8864 0.7380 0.5896'
  []

  [Rp10]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.7762 0.9255 0.9284 0.9461 0.9546 0.9816 0.9968 1.0170 1.039 1.0525 1.0812 1.0880 1.1056 1.1107 1.2511'
    y = '3.3162 2.6391 2.6261 2.5425 2.5000 2.3469 2.2521 2.1211 1.974 1.8806 1.6701 1.6169 1.4710 1.4257 0.1817'
  []
  [eff10]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.7762 0.9255 0.9284 0.9461 0.9546 0.9816 0.9968 1.0170 1.0390 1.0525 1.0812 1.0880 1.1056 1.1107 1.2511'
    y = '0.8991 0.9276 0.9281 0.9308 0.9317 0.9329 0.9318 0.9291 0.9252 0.9223 0.9116 0.9072 0.8913 0.8844 0.6937'
  []

  [Rp11]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.9255 1.0749 1.134 1.2511'
    y = '3.9586 2.9889 2.605 1.4928'
  []
  [eff11]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.9255 1.0749 1.1340 1.2511'
    y = '0.9257 0.9308 0.9328 0.8823'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.001
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '1e-10'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_mass_flow_rate_1phase/phy.reversed_flow.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 444.447
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02
    f = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [in]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = -0.18
    T     = 444.447
  []

  [out]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p0 = 7e6
    T0 = 444.447
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 30

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    file_base = phy.reversed_flow
    show = 'rhouA T p'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_y.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - y) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h  = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.1 1 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/03_upper_loop.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'up_pipe_1:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe:in'
  []

  [top_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out cooling_pipe:in'
  []

  [cooling_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A_pipe}
  []

  [cold_wall]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = cooling_pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * pipe_dia}'
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cooling_pipe:out down_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'down_pipe_2:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = cooling_pipe:out
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/pump_1phase/pipe_friction_pump_head_balance.i)

# This test balances the pipe friction pressure drop with the pump head pressure rise and runs to steady state.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 393.15
  initial_vel = 0.0
  A = 0.567
  fp = fp
  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10
    initial_p = 1.35e+07
    n_elems = 20
    f = 5000
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe1:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    initial_p = 1.3e+07
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
    scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
    scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    head = 8
    volume = 0.567
    A_ref = 0.567
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  start_time = 0
  dt = 1.e-3
  num_steps = 38
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]


[Outputs]
  [out_x]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'p T vel'
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/real_component_parameter_value/non_existent_par_name.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0.0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = fp
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [p_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1'
    y = '1e5 1.001e5'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [outlet_p_fn]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = p_fn
  []

  [set_outlet_value]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = outlet
    parameter = p
    value = outlet_p_fn:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [outlet_p]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = p
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/clg.T_wall.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 0.1e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e+0 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 50

    A = 3.14e-2
    f = 0.1
  []

  [ht_pipe1]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    T_wall = T_wall_fn
    Hw = 0
  []

  [inlet1]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    rho = 996.557482499661660
    vel = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 0.1e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.05
  num_steps = 20
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 30
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Functions]
  [T_wall_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '310 320'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_wall]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 'pipe1'
    variable = T_wall
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_velocity_t_1phase/phy.velocity_t_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 444.447
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures

[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    f = 0.0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    vel = 1.0
    T     = 444.447
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 5.5

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.velocity_t_3eqn'
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'vel T p'
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/get_function_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values obtained by GetFunctionValueControl are used.
# Function T0_fn prescribes values for T_inlet_fn control. We output the function
# values via a postprocessor `T_fn` and the control data values via another
# postprocessor `T_ctrl`. Those two values have to be equal.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 350.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '350 345'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [T_inlet_fn]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = T0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_fn]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = T0_fn
  []

  [T_ctrl]
    type = RealControlDataValuePostprocessor
    control_data_name = T_inlet_fn:value
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_turbine_1phase/turbine_startup.i)

# This test tests that the turbine can startup from rest and reach full power.
# The mass flow rate for the inlet component is ramped up over 10s. The dyno
# component and pid_ctrl controler are used to maintain the turbine's rated shaft
# speed. The turbine should supply ~1e6 W of power to the shaft by the end of the test.

omega_rated = 450
mdot = 5.0
T_in = 1000.0
p_out = 1e6

[GlobalParams]
  f = 1
  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
  n_elems = 20
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [ch_in]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '-1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 0.1
    D_h = 1
    fp = eos
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'ch_in:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = ${T_in}
  []
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedTurbine1Phase
    inlet = 'ch_in:out'
    outlet = 'ch_out:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    A_ref = 0.1
    volume = 0.0002
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    omega_rated = ${omega_rated}
    D_wheel = 0.4
    head_coefficient = head
    power_coefficient = power
  []
  [ch_out]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 0.1
    D_h = 1
    fp = eos
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'ch_out:out'
    p = ${p_out}
  []

  [dyno]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 10
    torque = dyno_torque_fn
  []
  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'turbine dyno'
    initial_speed = ${omega_rated}
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [head]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 7e-3 1e-2'
    y = '0 15 20'
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 6e-3 1e-2'
    y = '0 0.05 0.18'
  []

  [mfr_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0    10'
    y = '1e-6 ${mdot}'
  []
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    y = '5e-3 1e-2 5e-2 5e-1'
    x = '0 0.5 1 10'
  []
  [dyno_torque_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = -450 # controlled
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [mfr_cntrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = m_dot
    function = mfr_fn
  []

  [speed_set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${omega_rated}
  []
  [pid_ctrl]
    type = PIDControl
    input = omega
    set_point = speed_set_point:value
    K_i = 2
    K_p = 5
    K_d = 5
    initial_value = -450
  []
  [set_torque_value]
    type = SetRealValueControl
    parameter = Functions/dyno_torque_fn/value
    value = pid_ctrl:output
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [omega]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = shaft:omega
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [flow_coefficient]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = flow_coeff
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [delta_p]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = delta_p
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [power]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = power
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'implicit-euler'
  start_time = 0
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
  end_time = 20
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 20
  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/uniform_refine/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = FULL
  f = 0
  fp = eos
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 10
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    position = '1 0 0'

    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '1'
    n_elems = '2'
    names = '0'
    widths = 0.5
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'A'
[]

[Debug]
  show_actions = true
[]

(modules/combined/test/tests/subchannel_thm_coupling/THM_SCM_coupling_pump.i)

# THM file based on https://mooseframework.inl.gov/modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/step05.html
# Used to loosely couple THM with SCM
# This is a simple closed loop with a pump providing pressure head, core, pressurizer and HX.
# THM sends massflux and temperature at the inlet of the core, and pressure at the outlet of the core
# to subchannel. Subchannel returns total pressure drop of the assembly and total power to THM and THM calculates an
# average friction factor for the core region.
T_in = 583.0 # K
press = 2e5 # Pa
SC_core = 0.0004980799633447909 #m2

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 1
A_core = 0.005 #dummy

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = sodium_eos
[]

[Functions]
  [q_wall_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'core_power length'
    symbol_values = 'core_power  ${core_length}'
    expression = 'core_power/length'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []

  [sodium_eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.24
    cv = 1052.8
    q = -2.6292e+05
    p_inf = 1.1564e+08
    q_prime = 0
    mu = 3.222e-04
    k = 73.82
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [f_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = f_D
    postprocessor_names = 'core_f'
    expression = 'core_f'
    block = 'core_chan'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 -0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    A = ${A_core}
    closures = ''
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    q_wall = q_wall_fn
    P_hf = 1
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []
  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 1.5'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 1.5'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = 580
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.25'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.25'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.25'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 -0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 -0.25'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 -0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 -0.5'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 -0.5'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 3.56
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 -0.5'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_sec_in}
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateDirectFlowChannel
    q_wall_prop = q_wall
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = 1
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = bottom_1:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_1:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_2:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []
  ############## Friction Factor Calculation #############
  [av_rhouA]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = 'rhouA'
    block = 'core_chan'
  []

  [av_rho]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = 'rho'
    block = 'core_chan'
  []

  [Kloss]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_delta_p_tgt av_rhouA av_rho'
    expression = '2.0 * core_delta_p_tgt * av_rho * ${A_core} * ${A_core} / (av_rhouA * av_rhouA)'
  []

  [Dh]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = D_h
    block = core_chan
  []

  [core_f]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'Kloss Dh'
    expression = 'Kloss * Dh / ${core_length}'
  []

  ### INFO to send to SC
  [outlet_pressure]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_2:in
    variable = p
  []

  [inlet_mass_flow_rate]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = up_pipe_1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = jct1
  []

  [inlet_temperature]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = up_pipe_1:out
    variable = T
  []

  [inlet_mass_flux]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'inlet_mass_flow_rate'
    expression = 'abs(inlet_mass_flow_rate/${SC_core})'
  []
  #####
  ##### Info received from subchannel
  [core_delta_p_tgt]
    type = Receiver
    default = 100
  []
  [core_power]
    type = Receiver
    default = 100
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 2
  []
  dtmax = 50
  end_time = 10

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 25

  fixed_point_min_its = 1
  fixed_point_max_its = 5
  accept_on_max_fixed_point_iteration = true
  auto_advance = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

################################################################################
# A multiapp that couples THM to subchannel
################################################################################

[MultiApps]
  # active = ''
  [subchannel]
    type = FullSolveMultiApp
    input_files = 'subchannel.i'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    positions = '0 0 0'
    max_procs_per_app = 1
    output_in_position = true
    bounding_box_padding = '0 0 0.1'
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  # active = ''
  [pressure_drop_transfer] # Get pressure drop to THM from subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    from_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = total_pressure_drop_SC
    to_postprocessor = core_delta_p_tgt
    reduction_type = average
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [power_transfer] # Get Total power to THM from subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    from_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = Total_power
    to_postprocessor = core_power
    reduction_type = average
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [mass_flux_tranfer] # Send mass_flux at the inlet of THM core to subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    to_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = inlet_mass_flux
    to_postprocessor = report_mass_flux_inlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [outlet_pressure_tranfer] # Send pressure at the outlet of THM core to subchannel
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    to_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = outlet_pressure
    to_postprocessor = report_pressure_outlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [inlet_temperature_transfer]
    type = MultiAppPostprocessorTransfer
    to_multi_app = subchannel
    from_postprocessor = inlet_temperature
    to_postprocessor = report_temperature_inlet
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/specific_impulse_1phase/Isp_1ph.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 6e6
  initial_T = 600
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.3066
    molar_mass = 2.016e-3
    k = 0.437
    mu = 3e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A = 0.1

    f = 0.
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 800
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    growth_factor = 1.4
    optimal_iterations = 6
    iteration_window = 2
  []
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # hand calcs show that Isp should start at 274.3 at 600 K
  # and rise to 316.7 at 800 K.
  [Isp]
    type = ADSpecificImpulse1Phase
    p_exit = 1e6
    fp = eos
    boundary = outlet
  []

  [Isp_inst]
    type = ADSpecificImpulse1Phase
    p_exit = 1e6
    fp = eos
    cumulative = false
    boundary = outlet
  []

  [outletT]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T
    boundary = pipe1:out
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'Isp Isp_inst'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/outlet_1phase/phy.solidwall_outlet_3eqn.i)

# This test problem simulates a tube filled with steam that is suddenly opened
# on one end to an environment with a lower pressure.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.43
    cv = 1040.0
    q = 2.03e6
    p_inf = 0.0
    q_prime = -2.3e4
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 100
    A = 1.0

    # IC
    initial_T = 400
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 0.95e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.2

  dt = 0.01
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.solidwall_outlet_3eqn'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'p T vel'
  []

[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_convection_1phase/heat_rate_convection_1phase.i)

# Gold value should be the following:
#  htc * (T_wall - T) * P_hf * L

T_wall = 350
T = 300
htc = 50
P_hf = 0.3
L = 2.0

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1

    f = 0.

    initial_p = 1e6
    initial_T = ${T}
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []

  [heat_flux]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = ${htc}
    T_wall = ${T_wall}
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 0
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [heat_rate]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_stagnation_p_t_1phase/phy.stagnation_p_T_steady_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 101325
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 34.84507

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    f = 0.0

    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 102041.128
    T0 = 300.615
    reversible = false
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 101325
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_x.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - x) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 -0.2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 -0.1 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    #rotation = 90

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_pump_1phase/shaft_motor_pump.i)

# Pump data used in this test comes from the Semiscale Program, summarized in NUREG/CR-4945

initial_T = 393.15
area = 1e-2
dt = 1.e-2

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.4E+07
  initial_T = ${initial_T}
  initial_vel = 10
  initial_vel_x = 10
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  A = ${area}
  A_ref = ${area}
  f = 100
  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pump]
    type = ShaftConnectedPump1Phase
    inlet = 'pipe:out'
    outlet = 'pipe:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    volume = 0.3
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    omega_rated = 314
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    torque_rated = 47.1825
    volumetric_rated = 1
    head_rated = 58.52
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 9.084 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    head = head_fcn
    torque_hydraulic = torque_fcn
    density_rated = 124.2046
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.6096 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 2
    torque = 47
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor pump'
    initial_speed = 30
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [head_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = semiscale_head_data.csv
    format = columns
  []
  [torque_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = semiscale_torque_data.csv
    format = columns
  []

  [S_energy_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-tau_hyd * omega'
    symbol_names = 'tau_hyd  omega'
    symbol_values = 'hydraulic_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [energy_conservation_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(E_change - S_energy * dt) / E_tot'
    symbol_names = 'E_change S_energy dt E_tot'
    symbol_values = 'E_change S_energy ${dt} E_tot'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [hydraulic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = hydraulic_torque
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # mass conservation
  [mass_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_pump]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_pipes mass_pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_conservation]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = mass_tot
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # energy conservation
  [E_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_pump]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 1'
    pp_names = 'E_pipes E_pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [S_energy]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = S_energy_fcn
    indirect_dependencies = 'hydraulic_torque'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # This should also execute on initial. This value is
  # lagged by one timestep as a workaround to moose issue #13262.
  [energy_conservation]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = energy_conservation_fcn
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    indirect_dependencies = 'E_tot E_change S_energy'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'implicit-euler'

  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = 6

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_turbine_1phase/jac.test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 2e5
  initial_T = 500
  initial_vel = 100
  initial_vel_x = 100
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  length = 1
  n_elems = 2
  A = 0.1
  A_ref = 0.1

  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
  f = 0.01
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [sw1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:in
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    initial_p = 2e6
  []

  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedTurbine1Phase
    inlet = 'fch1:out'
    outlet = 'fch2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 0.3
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 12 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    omega_rated = 295
    D_wheel = 0.4
    head_coefficient = head
    power_coefficient = power
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
  []

  [sw2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:out
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'turbine'
    initial_speed = 300
  []

[]

[Functions]
  [head]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.1 1'
    y = '0 15 20'
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.1 1'
    y = '0 0.05 0.18'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.001
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '1e-9'

  automatic_scaling = true

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/err.no_phf.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 2
    rho = 3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    fp = fp
    f = 0.01

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 300
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    names = 'blk'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = START
    flow_channel = fch1
    Hw = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_mass_flow_rate_1phase/clg.ctrl_m_dot_3eqn_rdg.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0.0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = fp
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_m_dot_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0  1'
    y = '0  0.5'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_inlet_value]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = m_dot
    function = inlet_m_dot_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_m_dot]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = m_dot
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_density_velocity_1phase/clg.densityvelocity_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 0.1e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1. 1.'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1.907720E-04
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'

    rho = 996.556340388366266
    vel = 2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 0.1e6
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_rho_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1 '
    y = '996 997'
  []

  [inlet_vel_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '1 2'
    y = '1 2'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [inlet_rho_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = rho
    function = inlet_rho_fn
  []

  [inlet_vel_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = vel
    function = inlet_vel_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 20
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [rho_inlet]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = rho
  []
  [vel_inlet]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = vel
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/solid_wall_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 9.5e4
  initial_T = 310
  initial_vel = 2

  gravity_vector = '9.81 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.0

    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type -snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = 'test       1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/output_vpps.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.0
    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
    vpp_vars = 'p T'
    create_flux_vpp = true
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 0.9e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/form_loss_from_function_1phase/phy.form_loss_1phase.i)

# Tests the form loss kernel for 1-phase flow.
#
# This test uses the following parameters and boundary data:
# Inlet: (rho = 996.5563397 kg/m^3, vel = 0.5 m/s)
# Outlet: p_out = 100 kPa
# Length: L = 2 m
# Form loss coefficient: K = 0.5, => K_prime = 0.25 m^-1 (uniform along length)
#
# The inlet pressure is
#
#   p_in = p_out + dp ,
#
# where dp is given by the definition of the form loss coefficient:
#
#   dp = K * 0.5 * rho * u^2
#      = 0.5 * 0.5 * 996.5563397 * 0.5^2
#      = 62.28477123125 Pa
#
# This value is output to CSV.

p_out = 100e3

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${p_out}
  initial_vel = 0.5
  initial_T = 300.0

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 2
    A = 1
    n_elems = 5

    f = 0
  []
  [form_loss]
    type = FormLossFromFunction1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    K_prime = 0.25
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    rho = 996.5563397
    vel = 0.5
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = ${p_out}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 5e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 20

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # this is not the right value, should be the value from the inlet ghost cell
  [p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet
    variable = p
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
  []
  [p_out]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ${p_out}
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
  []
  [dp]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
     value1 = p_in
     value2 = p_out
     execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'dp'
    execute_postprocessors_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/mms/mms_1phase.i)

# Method of manufactured solutions (MMS) problem for 1-phase flow model.
#
# The python script mms_derivation.py derives the MMS sources used in this
# input file.
#
# To perform a convergence study, run this input file with different values of
# 'refinement_level', starting with 0. Manually create a CSV file (call it the
# "convergence CSV file") to store the error vs. mesh size data. It should have
# the columns specified in the plot script plot_convergence_1phase.py. Copy the
# CSV output from each run into the convergence CSV file. After all of the runs,
# run the plot script using python.

refinement_level = 0 # 0 is initial
n_elems_coarse = 10
n_elems = ${fparse int(n_elems_coarse * 2^refinement_level)}

dt = 1e-6
t_end = ${fparse dt * 10}

area = 1.0
gamma = 2.0
M = 0.05
A = 1
B = 1
C = 1

aA = ${fparse area}

R_univ = 8.3144598
R = ${fparse R_univ / M}
cp = ${fparse gamma * R / (gamma - 1.0)}
cv = ${fparse cp / gamma}

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  # solutions
  [rho_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'A * (sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)'
    symbol_names = 'A B C'
    symbol_values = '${A} ${B} ${C}'
  []
  [vel_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'A * t * sin(pi * x)'
    symbol_names = 'A'
    symbol_values = '${A}'
  []
  [p_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'A * (cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)'
    symbol_names = 'A B C'
    symbol_values = '${A} ${B} ${C}'
  []
  [T_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)/(cv*(gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2))'
    symbol_names = 'B C gamma cv'
    symbol_values = '${B} ${C} ${gamma} ${cv}'
  []

  # MMS sources
  [rho_src_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'A^2*B*t*sin(pi*x)*cos(B*x + C*t) + pi*A^2*t*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)*cos(pi*x) + A*C*cos(B*x + C*t)'
    symbol_names = 'A B C'
    symbol_values = '${A} ${B} ${C}'
  []
  [rhou_src_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'A^3*B*t^2*sin(pi*x)^2*cos(B*x + C*t) + 2*pi*A^3*t^2*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)*sin(pi*x)*cos(pi*x) + A^2*C*t*sin(pi*x)*cos(B*x + C*t) + A^2*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)*sin(pi*x) - A*B*sin(B*x + C*t)'
    symbol_names = 'A B C'
    symbol_values = '${A} ${B} ${C}'
  []
  [rhoE_src_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'A*C*(A^2*t^2*sin(pi*x)^2/2 + (cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)))*cos(B*x + C*t) + pi*A*t*(A*(A^2*t^2*sin(pi*x)^2/2 + (cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)))*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2) + A*(cos(B*x + C*t) + 2))*cos(pi*x) + A*t*(A*B*(A^2*t^2*sin(pi*x)^2/2 + (cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)))*cos(B*x + C*t) - A*B*sin(B*x + C*t) + A*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)*(pi*A^2*t^2*sin(pi*x)*cos(pi*x) - B*sin(B*x + C*t)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)) - B*(cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)*cos(B*x + C*t)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)^2)))*sin(pi*x) + A*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)*(A^2*t*sin(pi*x)^2 - C*sin(B*x + C*t)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)) - C*(cos(B*x + C*t) + 2)*cos(B*x + C*t)/((gamma - 1)*(sin(B*x + C*t) + 2)^2))'
    symbol_names = 'A B C gamma'
    symbol_values = '${A} ${B} ${C} ${gamma}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = ${gamma}
    molar_mass = ${M}
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    A = ${area}

    # IC
    initial_p = p_fn
    initial_T = T_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = InletFunction1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p = p_fn
    rho = rho_fn
    vel = vel_fn
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = InletFunction1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = p_fn
    rho = rho_fn
    vel = vel_fn
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [rho_src]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = rhoA
    function = rho_src_fn
    value = ${aA}
  []
  [rhou_src]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = rhouA
    function = rhou_src_fn
    value = ${aA}
  []
  [rhoE_src]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = rhoEA
    function = rhoE_src_fn
    value = ${aA}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [rho_err]
    type = ElementL1Error
    variable = rho
    function = rho_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [vel_err]
    type = ElementL1Error
    variable = vel
    function = vel_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_err]
    type = ElementL1Error
    variable = p
    function = p_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 3
  []

  start_time = 0
  dt = ${dt}
  end_time = ${t_end}
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/phy.sub_discretization.i)

#
# Testing the ability to discretize the Pipe by dividing it into
# subsections
#

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    axial_region_names = 'r1 r2'
    length = '1 1'
    n_elems = '1 2'
    A = 1
    f = 0
    fp = eos
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'A'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_mass_flow_rate_1phase/run_water97.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 444.447
  initial_p = 7e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = Water97FluidProperties
    T_initial_guess = 444.447
    p_initial_guess = 7e6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02
    f = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 4
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.18
    T     = 444.447
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/phy.par_fn.i)

#
# Tests the ability to set the hydraulic diameter by function.
#

D_h = 5

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 453.1
  initial_vel = 0.0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [dh_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${D_h}
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = pipe:in
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    A = 1.0e-4
    D_h = dh_fn

    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = pipe:out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [D_h]
    type = ADElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = D_h
    block = pipe
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'D_h'
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/pump_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 393.15
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_p = 17e+06
  f = 0
  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
  A = 1
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    head = 95
    A_ref = 1
    volume = 1
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-2
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '1e-9'

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/displaced_components/displaced_components.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1.e0 1.e-4 1.e-6'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:in pipe2:in pipe3:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [in1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
  [in2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []
  [in3]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'A'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/pump_1phase/pump_loop.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0

  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1'
  scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1a]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 0.785398163e-4    #1.0 cm (0.01 m) in diameter, A = 1/4 * PI * d^2
    D_h = 0.01
    f = 0.01
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [pipe1b]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 0.785398163e-4    #1.0 cm (0.01 m) in diameter, A = 1/4 * PI * d^2
    D_h = 0.01
    f = 0.01
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    A = 0.785398163e-4    #1.0 cm (0.01 m) in diameter, A = 1/4 * PI * d^2
    D_h = 0.01
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '1 1 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    A = 0.785398163e-4    #1.0 cm (0.01 m) in diameter, A = 1/4 * PI * d^2
    D_h = 0.01
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
  []

  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    A = 0.785398163e-4    #1.0 cm (0.01 m) in diameter, A = 1/4 * PI * d^2
    D_h = 0.01
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
  []

  [pipe5]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '1 1 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    A = 0.785398163e-4    #1.0 cm (0.01 m) in diameter, A = 1/4 * PI * d^2
    D_h = 0.01
    f = 0.01
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 3
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1a:out pipe1b:in'
    head = 1.0
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    volume = 0.785398163e-3
    A_ref = 0.785398163e-4
  []

  [junction1]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1b:out pipe2:in'
    volume = 0.785398163e-3
    position = '1 0 0'
  []

  [junction2]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in pipe5:in'
    volume = 0.785398163e-3
    position = '1 1 0'
  []

  [junction3]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
    volume = 0.785398163e-3
    position = '0 1 0'
  []

  [junction4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe4:out pipe1a:in'
    volume = 0.785398163e-3
    position = '0 0 0'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe5:out'
    p0 = 1.e5
    T0 = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 10
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  [Quadrature]
    type = gauss
    order = second
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'rhouA p'
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/coupling_mD_flow/thm_non_overlapping.i)

T_in = 523.0
mdot = 10
pout = 7e6

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${pout}
  initial_vel = 1
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  closures = simple_closures
  n_elems = 5

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-5'
  f = 1
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.66
    molar_mass = 0.004
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet_bc]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'inlet:in'
    m_dot = ${mdot}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [inlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 11'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
  []

  [inlet_plenum]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0 0 10'
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 1
    connections = 'inlet:out bypass:in core_top:in'
    volume = 1
  []

  [bypass]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '2 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 10
    A = 0.01
  []

  [core_top]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 10'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.1
    A = 9
  []

  [core_top_bc]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${pout}
    input = 'core_top:out'
  []

  [core_bottom_bc]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'core_bottom:in'
    m_dot = ${mdot}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [core_bottom]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0.1'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.1
    A = 9
  []

  [outlet_plenum]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 1
    connections = 'bypass:out core_bottom:out outlet:in'
    volume = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet_bc]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${pout}
    input = 'outlet:out'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_core_inlet_pressure]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = core_top_bc
    parameter = p
    value = core_inlet_pressure
  []

  [set_core_outlet_mdot]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = core_bottom_bc
    parameter = m_dot
    value = core_outlet_mdot
  []

  [set_core_outlet_temperature]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = core_bottom_bc
    parameter = T
    value = core_outlet_temperature
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [core_inlet_pressure]
    type = Receiver
    default = ${pout}
  []

  [core_outlet_mdot]
    type = Receiver
    default = ${mdot}
  []

  [core_outlet_temperature]
    type = Receiver
    default = ${T_in}
  []

  [core_outlet_pressure]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'core_bottom:in'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [core_inlet_mdot]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = 'core_top:out'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [core_inlet_temperature]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T
    boundary = 'core_top:out'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [bypass_inlet_pressure]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'bypass:in'
  []

  [bypass_outlet_pressure]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'bypass:out'
  []

  [bypass_pressure_drop]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = bypass_inlet_pressure
    value2 = bypass_outlet_pressure
  []

  [bypass_mdot]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = 'bypass:out'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [inlet_mdot]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = 'inlet:in'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [outlet_mdot]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = 'outlet:out'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  timestep_tolerance = 1e-6
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 100
  dt = 0.01
  line_search = l2
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 20
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_one_to_one_1phase/no_junction_1phase.i)

# This input file is used to generate gold values for the junction_one_to_one_1phase.i
# test. Unlike junction_one_to_one_1phase.i, this file has no junction in the
# middle of the domain. In junction_one_to_one_1phase.i, the post-processors are
# side post-processors, but in this input file, side post-processors cannot be
# used to obtain the solution at these positions since there are no sides there.
# Therefore, the solution is sampled at points just to the left and right of
# the middle to obtain the piecewise constant solution values to either side of
# the interface.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [p_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.0 0.1'
  []

  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.4 1.12'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'channel:in'
  []

  [channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 100
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'channel:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  l_tol = 1e-4

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [rhoA_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoA
    point = '0.4999 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhouA_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhouA
    point = '0.4999 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhoEA_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoEA
    point = '0.4999 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhoA_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoA
    point = '0.5001 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhouA_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhouA
    point = '0.5001 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [rhoEA_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = rhoEA
    point = '0.5001 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  file_base = 'junction_one_to_one_1phase_out'
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/t_junction_1phase.i)

# Junction between 3 pipes, 1 of which goes to a dead-end. All ends are walls,
# and 1 of the pipes is pressurized higher than the others.

A_big = 1
A_small = 0.5

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5

  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  n_elems = 20
  length = 1

  f = 0

  fp = fp

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = ${A_big}
    # This pipe is pressurized higher than the others.
    initial_p = 1.05e5
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = ${A_big}
    initial_p = 1e5
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    # This pipe is smaller than the others.
    A = ${A_small}
    initial_p = 1e5
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in pipe3:in'

    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 0.37

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [pipe1_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []
  [pipe2_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []
  [pipe3_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 5
  dt = 0.05
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # mass conservation
  [mass_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2 pipe3'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_junction]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_pipes mass_junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = mass_tot
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # energy conservation
  [E_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2 pipe3'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_junction]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_pipes E_junction'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'mass_tot_change E_tot_change'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/err.wrong_fp.i)

[GlobalParams]
  closures = simple_closures

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_2phase]
    type = StiffenedGasTwoPhaseFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.01
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
    fp = fp_2phase   # this is wrong
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 9.5e4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1e-4
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.conservation_1phase.i)

# Tests conservation for heat transfer between a cylindrical heat structure and
# a 1-phase flow channel

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e-3 1e-3 1e-8'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-3
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [main-material]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1e4
    cp = 500.0
    rho = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + 20 * (y - 1)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp

    position = '0 2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.0

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []

  [heat_transfer]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = heat_structure
    hs_side = inner
    Hw = 1e3
  []

  [heat_structure]
    #type = set externally
    num_rods = 5

    position = '0 2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 5

    names = 'main'
    solid_properties = 'main-material'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '1.0'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = T0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_pipe]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = pipe
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_heat_structure]
    block = 'heat_structure:main'
    n_units = 5
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_pipe E_heat_structure'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.conservation_1phase_cylinder'
  csv = true
  show = 'E_tot_change'
  execute_on = 'final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/err.missing_ics.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  A = 1e-4
  f = 0
  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # Stagnation property with p = 1e5 Pa, T = 250 K, vel = 1 m/s
    p0 = 100000.68965687
    T0 = 250.00049261084
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 250
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    volume = 0.1
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.96
    n_elems = 2

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 250
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/natural_circulation/base.i)

# Natural circulation loop
#
# The setup consists of 4 connected 1-m pipes, forming a square:
#
#                  top_pipe
#              *--------------* (1,1)
#              |              |
#              | <-        <- |                | g
#  heated_pipe | <-        <- | cooled_pipe    V
#              | <-        <- |
#              |              |
#        (0,0) *--------------*
#                 bottom_pipe
#
# Heating and cooling occurs in the range z = (0.2 m, 0.8 m) with uniform heat fluxes.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 -9.81'
  length = ${length}
  n_elems = ${n_elems}

  A = ${area}

  initial_T = ${T_ambient}
  initial_p = ${p_initial}
  initial_vel = 0

  fp = fp
  closures = closures
  f = 0
  Hw = ${htc}

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = full
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    emit_on_nan = none
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [heating_flux_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = z
    x = '0 0.2 0.8'
    y = '0 ${fparse power / (S_heated)} 0'
  []
  [cooling_flux_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = z
    x = '0 0.2 0.8'
    y = '0 ${fparse -power / (S_cooled)} 0'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heated_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
  []
  [top_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
  []
  [cooled_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
  []
  [bottom_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
  []

  [heating]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = 'heated_pipe'
    q_wall = heating_flux_fn
  []
  [cooling]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = 'cooled_pipe'
    q_wall = cooling_flux_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 50
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    optimal_iterations = 6
    iteration_window = 0
    growth_factor = 1.2
    cutback_factor = 0.8
  []

  steady_state_detection = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu     '

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [heated_pipe_vpp]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    block = 'heated_pipe'
    variable = ${output_variables}
    sort_by = z
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
  [top_pipe_vpp]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    block = 'top_pipe'
    variable = ${output_variables}
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
  [cooled_pipe_vpp]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    block = 'cooled_pipe'
    variable = ${output_variables}
    sort_by = z
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
  [bottom_pipe_vpp]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    block = 'bottom_pipe'
    variable = ${output_variables}
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  xml = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_bool_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values set by SetBoolValueControl are used.
# The values of function T0_fn are compared to a threshold and the boolean
# result is stored into an aux field via `BooleanValueTestAux`.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 350.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [aux]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_kernel]
    type = BooleanValueTestAux
    variable = aux
    value = 1
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '350 345'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [T_inlet_fn]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = T0_fn
  []

  [threshold_ctrl]
    type = UnitTripControl
    condition = 'T > 347.5'
    symbol_names = 'T'
    symbol_values = 'T_inlet_fn:value'
  []

  [set_bool_value]
    type = SetBoolValueControl
    parameter = AuxKernels/aux_kernel/value
    value = 'threshold_ctrl:state'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [aux]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = aux
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/area_constriction/area_constriction.i)

# This test features air flowing through a channel whose cross-sectional area
# shrinks to half its value in the right half. Assuming incompressible flow
# conditions, such as having a low Mach number, the velocity should approximately
# double from inlet to outlet.

p_outlet = 1e5

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = ${p_outlet}
  initial_vel = initial_vel_fn

  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [A_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.0 0.5'
  []
  [initial_vel_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5 1.0'
    y = '1.0 2'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    rho = 1.16263315948279 # rho @ (p = 1e5 Pa, T = 300 K)
    vel = 1
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 100

    A = A_fn
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = ${p_outlet}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = 10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.001
    optimal_iterations = 5
    iteration_window = 1
    growth_factor = 1.2
  []

  steady_state_detection = true

  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
  show = 'A rho vel p'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/flow_channel_1phase/phy.f_fn.3eqn.i)

# Tests that friction factor can be provided for 1-phase flow

f = 5

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 558
  initial_p = 7.0e6
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1e0 1e-2 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_func]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${f}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    A   = 1.907720E-04
    D_h  = 1.698566E-02
    f = f_func

    fp = eos
  []

  [ht_pipe]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    T_wall = 559
    P_hf = 0.0489623493599167
    Hw = 50000
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    rho = 741.707129779398883
    vel = 2
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 7.0e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-2
  l_max_its = 30
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [f]
    type = ADElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = f_D
    block = pipe
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'f'
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/actions/coupled_heat_transfer_action/sub.i)

# This is a part of T_wall_action test. See the master file for details.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [Hw]
    family = monomial
    order = constant
    block = pipe1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [Hw_ak]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = Hw
    property = 'Hw'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [T_uo]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = y
    variable = T
    num_layers = 10
    block = pipe1
  []
  [Hw_uo]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = y
    variable = Hw
    num_layers = 10
    block = pipe1
  []
[]


[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A   = 1.28584e-01
    D_h = 8.18592e-01
    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = 6.28319e-01
    initial_T_wall = 300.
    var_type = elemental
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 400
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_wall_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T_wall
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [htc_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Hw
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1e-7
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T Hw'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/output/paraview_component_annotation_map/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures

  f = 0
  fp = fp

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [m]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '-0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [wall1i]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:in
  []

  [wall1o]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:out
  []

  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '-0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    names = '1 2'
    widths = '0.2 0.3'
    solid_properties = 'm m'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    n_part_elems = '1 1'
    rotation = 90
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = '0.6 0.4'
    A = 1
    n_elems = '5 5'
    axial_region_names = 'longer shorter'
  []

  [wall2i]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:in
  []

  [wall2o]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:out
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = '0.6 0.4'
    axial_region_names = 'longer shorter'
    n_elems = '5 5'
    names = '1 2'
    widths = '0.2 0.3'
    solid_properties = 'm m'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    n_part_elems = '1 1'
    rotation = 270
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1

  automatic_scaling = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
[]

[Outputs]
  [map]
    type = ParaviewComponentAnnotationMap
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_stagnation_p_t_1phase/phy.stagnation_p_T_transient_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 101325
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    f = 0.0

    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 102041.128
    T0 = 300.615
    reversible = false
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 101325
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/pump_1phase/pump_mass_energy_conservation.i)

# This test tests that mass and energy are conserved.

dt = 1.e-2
head = 95.
volume = 1.
A = 1.
g = 9.81

[GlobalParams]
  initial_T = 393.15
  initial_vel = 0
  f = 0
  fp = fp
  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
  A = ${A}
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [wall_in]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    initial_p = 1.7E+07
    n_elems = 10
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    initial_p = 1.3e+07
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    head = ${head}
    A_ref = ${A}
    volume = ${volume}
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    initial_p = 1.3e+07
    n_elems = 10
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
  []

  [wall_out]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'implicit-euler'
  start_time = 0
  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = 6
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # mass conservation
  [mass_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_pump]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_pipes mass_pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = mass_tot
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # energy conservation
  [E_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = 'pipe1 pipe2'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_pump]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 1'
    pp_names = 'E_pipes E_pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [S_energy]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = S_energy_fcn
    indirect_dependencies = 'pump_rhouV'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # this should also execute on initial, this value is
  # lagged by one timestep as a workaround to moose issue #13262
  [E_conservation]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = E_conservation_fcn
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []

  [pump_rhouV]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhouV
    block = 'pump'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [S_energy_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'rhouV * g * head * A / volume'
    symbol_names = 'rhouV g head A volume'
    symbol_values = 'pump_rhouV ${g} ${head} ${A} ${volume}'
  []
  [E_conservation_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(E_change - S_energy * dt) / E_tot'
    symbol_names = 'E_change S_energy dt E_tot'
    symbol_values = 'E_change S_energy ${dt} E_tot'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
    show = 'mass_tot_change E_conservation'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/phy.conservation.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 4.3
  initial_vel_x = 4.3
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.01
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 517
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    A_ref = 1.0
    K = 0
    on = true
    power = 1000
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e6
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = mass
    boundary = inlet
  []
  [mass_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = mass
    boundary = outlet
  []
  [mass_diff]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 -1'
    pp_names = 'mass_in mass_out'
  []
  [p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe1:in
    variable = p
  []
  [vel_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe1:in
    variable = vel_x
  []
  [momentum_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = momentum
    boundary = inlet
  []
  [momentum_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = momentum
    boundary = outlet
  []
  [dP]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in W_dot'
    expression = 'p_in * (1 - (1-W_dot/(10*2910.06*517))^(1.4/0.4))'
  []
  [momentum_diff]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
    pp_names = 'momentum_in momentum_out dP' # momentum source = -dP * A and A=1
  []

  [energy_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = energy
    boundary = inlet
  []
  [energy_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = energy
    boundary = outlet
  []
  [W_dot]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = W_dot
    block = 'turbine'
  []
  [energy_diff]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
    pp_names = 'energy_in energy_out W_dot'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 0.5

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 2e-6

  nl_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-3

  # automatic_scaling = true
  # compute_scaling_once = false
  # off_diagonals_in_auto_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'mass_diff energy_diff momentum_diff'
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_compressor_1phase/shaft_motor_compressor.i)

area = 0.2359
dt = 1.e-3

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 288
  initial_vel = 60
  initial_vel_x = 60
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  A = ${area}
  A_ref = ${area}
  f = 100
  scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    inlet = 'pipe:out'
    outlet = 'pipe:in'
    position = '0 0 0'
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    volume = ${fparse area*0.45}
    inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
    inertia_const = 1.61397
    speed_cr_I = 1e12
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
    tau_fr_const = 0
    omega_rated = 200
    mdot_rated = 21.74
    rho0_rated = 1.1812
    c0_rated = 340
    speeds = '0.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 2'
    Rp_functions = 'Rp00 Rp04 Rp05 Rp06 Rp07 Rp08 Rp09 Rp10 Rp11 Rp11'
    eff_functions = 'eff00 eff04 eff05 eff06 eff07 eff08 eff09 eff10 eff11 eff11'
  []
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1e2
    torque = 100
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor compressor'
    initial_speed = 100
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [Rp00]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.3736 0.4216'
    y = '1 0.9701 0.9619'
  []
  [eff00]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.3736 0.4216'
    y = '0.001 0.8941 0.6641'
  []

  [Rp04]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.3745 0.3753 0.3762 0.3770 0.3919 0.4067 0.4216 0.4826'
    y = '1.0789 1.0779 1.0771 1.0759 1.0749 1.0570 1.0388 1.0204 0.9450'
  []
  [eff04]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.3745 0.3753 0.3762 0.3770 0.3919 0.4067 0.4216 0.4826'
    y = '0.8941 0.8929 0.8925 0.8915 0.8901 0.8601 0.7986 0.6641 0.1115'
  []

  [Rp05]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.4026 0.4106 0.4186 0.4266 0.4346 0.4426 0.4506 0.4586 0.4666 0.4746 0.4826 0.5941'
    y = '1.2898 1.2442 1.2316 1.2189 1.2066 1.1930 1.1804 1.1677 1.1542 1.1413 1.1279 1.1150 0.9357'
  []
  [eff05]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.3736 0.4026 0.4106 0.4186 0.4266 0.4346 0.4426 0.4506 0.4586 0.4666 0.4746 0.4826 0.5941'
    y = '0.9281 0.9263 0.9258 0.9244 0.9226 0.9211 0.9195 0.9162 0.9116 0.9062 0.8995 0.8914 0.7793'
  []

  [Rp06]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4026 0.4613 0.4723 0.4834 0.4945 0.5055 0.5166 0.5277 0.5387 0.5609 0.5719 0.583 0.5941 0.7124'
    y = '1.5533 1.4438 1.4232 1.4011 1.3793 1.3589 1.3354 1.3100 1.2867 1.2376 1.2131 1.1887 1.1636 0.896'
  []
  [eff06]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4026 0.4613 0.4723 0.4834 0.4945 0.5055 0.5166 0.5277 0.5387 0.5609 0.5719 0.583 0.5941 0.7124'
    y = '0.9148 0.9255 0.9275 0.9277 0.9282 0.9295 0.9290 0.9269 0.9242 0.9146 0.9080 0.900 0.8920 0.8061'
  []

  [Rp07]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4613 0.5447 0.5587 0.5726 0.5866 0.6006 0.6145 0.6285 0.6425 0.6565 0.6704 0.6844 0.6984 0.7124 0.8358'
    y = '1.8740 1.6857 1.6541 1.6168 1.5811 1.5430 1.5067 1.4684 1.4292 1.3891 1.3479 1.3061 1.2628 1.2208 0.8498'
  []
  [eff07]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.4613 0.5447 0.5587 0.5726 0.5866 0.6006 0.6145 0.6285 0.6425 0.6565 0.6704 0.6844 0.6984 0.7124 0.8358'
    y = '0.9004 0.9232 0.9270 0.9294 0.9298 0.9312 0.9310 0.9290 0.9264 0.9225 0.9191 0.9128 0.9030 0.8904 0.7789'
  []

  [Rp08]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.5447 0.6638 0.6810 0.6982 0.7154 0.7326 0.7498 0.7670 0.7842 0.8014 0.8186 0.8358 0.9702'
    y = '2.3005 1.9270 1.8732 1.8195 1.7600 1.7010 1.6357 1.5697 1.5019 1.4327 1.3638 1.2925 0.7347'
  []
  [eff08]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.5447 0.6638 0.6810 0.6982 0.7154 0.7326 0.7498 0.7670 0.7842 0.8014 0.8186 0.8358 0.9702'
    y = '0.9102 0.9276 0.9301 0.9313 0.9319 0.9318 0.9293 0.9256 0.9231 0.9153 0.9040 0.8933 0.8098'
  []

  [Rp09]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.6638 0.7762 0.7938 0.8115 0.8291 0.8467 0.8644 0.8820 0.8997 0.9173 0.9349 0.9526 0.9702 1.1107 1.25120'
    y = '2.6895 2.2892 2.2263 2.1611 2.0887 2.0061 1.9211 1.8302 1.7409 1.6482 1.5593 1.4612 1.3586 0.5422 -0.2742'
  []
  [eff09]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.6638 0.7762 0.7938 0.8115 0.8291 0.8467 0.8644 0.8820 0.8997 0.9173 0.9349 0.9526 0.9702 1.1107 1.2512'
    y = '0.8961 0.9243 0.9288 0.9323 0.9330 0.9325 0.9319 0.9284 0.9254 0.9215 0.9134 0.9051 0.8864 0.7380 0.5896'
  []

  [Rp10]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.7762 0.9255 0.9284 0.9461 0.9546 0.9816 0.9968 1.0170 1.039 1.0525 1.0812 1.0880 1.1056 1.1107 1.2511'
    y = '3.3162 2.6391 2.6261 2.5425 2.5000 2.3469 2.2521 2.1211 1.974 1.8806 1.6701 1.6169 1.4710 1.4257 0.1817'
  []
  [eff10]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.7762 0.9255 0.9284 0.9461 0.9546 0.9816 0.9968 1.0170 1.0390 1.0525 1.0812 1.0880 1.1056 1.1107 1.2511'
    y = '0.8991 0.9276 0.9281 0.9308 0.9317 0.9329 0.9318 0.9291 0.9252 0.9223 0.9116 0.9072 0.8913 0.8844 0.6937'
  []

  [Rp11]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.9255 1.0749 1.134 1.2511'
    y = '3.9586 2.9889 2.605 1.4928'
  []
  [eff11]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.9255 1.0749 1.1340 1.2511'
    y = '0.9257 0.9308 0.9328 0.8823'
  []

  [S_energy_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-(tau_isen+tau_diss)*omega'
    symbol_names = 'tau_isen tau_diss omega'
    symbol_values = 'isentropic_torque dissipation_torque shaft:omega'
  []
  [energy_conservation_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(E_change - S_energy * dt) / E_tot'
    symbol_names = 'E_change S_energy dt E_tot'
    symbol_values = 'E_change S_energy ${dt} E_tot'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = isentropic_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = dissipation_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # mass conservation
  [mass_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoA
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_compressor]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoV
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'mass_pipes mass_compressor'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_conservation]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = mass_tot
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # energy conservation
  [E_pipes]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    block = 'pipe'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_compressor]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = rhoEV
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 1'
    pp_names = 'E_pipes E_compressor'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [S_energy]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = S_energy_fcn
    indirect_dependencies = 'isentropic_torque dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  # This should also execute on initial. This value is
  # lagged by one timestep as a workaround to moose issue #13262.
  [energy_conservation]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = energy_conservation_fcn
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    indirect_dependencies = 'E_tot E_change S_energy'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'implicit-euler'

  dt = ${dt}
  num_steps = 6

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/phy.form_loss.i)

# This test measures the pressure drop across the volume junction with K=1.

A = 0.1

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1

  n_elems = 20
  length = 1

  f = 0

  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [K_fn]
    type = TimeRampFunction
    initial_value = 0
    initial_time = 2
    ramp_duration = 5
    final_value = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = ${A}
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = ${A}
    initial_p = 1e5
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'

    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 0.005
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel_x = 1
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [pipe1_in]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [pipe2_out]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  active = ''
  [K_crtl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = junction
    parameter = K
    function = K_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pJ_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = pipe1:out
  []

  [pJ_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = pipe2:in
  []

  [dpJ]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = pJ_in
    value2 = pJ_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 20
  dt = 0.5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'final'
  show = 'dpJ'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_stagnation_p_t_1phase/clg.ctrl_T0_3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0.0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h = 1.1283791671e-02

    f = 0.0

    fp = fp
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1.01e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_T0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0   1'
    y = '300 350'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_inlet_value]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
    function = inlet_T0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_T0]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/closures/wall_temperature_1phase/base.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [wall_temp_closures]
    type = WallTemperature1PhaseClosures
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    initial_vel = 0
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 300

    fp = fp
    closures = wall_temp_closures
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    T_wall = 500
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_wall]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = T_wall
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 0
  dt = 1e-6

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 5
  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/pid_control/test.i)

# This test "measures" the liquid temperature at location (10, 0, 0) on a 15 meters
# long pipe and adjusts the inlet stagnation temperature using a PID controller with
# set point at 340 K.  The pipe is filled with water at T = 350 K. The purpose is to
# make sure that the channel fills with colder liquid and levels at the set point
# value. In steady state there should be a flat temperature profile at ~340 K.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A   = 0.01
    D_h = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 105.e3
    T0 = 300.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [T_set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = 340
  []

  [pid_ctrl]
    type = PIDControl
    input = T_reading
    set_point = T_set_point:value
    K_i = 0.05
    K_p = 0.2
    K_d = 0.1
    initial_value = 340
  []

  [set_inlet_value]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet
    parameter = T0
    value = pid_ctrl:output
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_reading]
    type = PointValue
    point = '10 0 0'
    variable = T
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [T_inlet]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = T
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 300.0
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
  []

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/phy.unequal_area.i)

# Junction between 2 pipes where the second has half the area of the first.
# The momentum density of the second should be twice that of the first.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 250
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 1
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  f = 0

  fp = eos

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    rho = 1.37931034483
    vel = 1
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 1
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-8
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 0.5
    n_elems = 20
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 3
  dt = 0.1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # These post-processors are used to test that the outlet side of the junction,
  # which has half the area of the inlet side, has twice the momentum density
  # that the inlet side does.
  [rhouA_pipe1]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = pipe1:out
  []
  [rhouA_pipe2]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = pipe2:out
  []
  [test_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = rhouA_pipe1
    value2 = rhouA_pipe2
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = test_rel_err
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/actions/coupled_heat_transfer_action/sub_2phase.i)

# This is the 2-phase version of sub.i: it just adds the variable 'kappa'.
# Unfortunately, multi-parameter application of cli_args is not supported for
# sub-app input files, so sub.i cannot be re-used for the test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [Hw]
    family = monomial
    order = constant
    block = pipe1
  []
  [kappa]
    family = monomial
    order = constant
    block = pipe1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [Hw_ak]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = Hw
    property = 'Hw'
  []
  [kappa_ak]
    type = ConstantAux
    variable = kappa
    value = 0.5
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [T_uo]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = y
    variable = T
    num_layers = 10
    block = pipe1
  []
  [Hw_uo]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = y
    variable = Hw
    num_layers = 10
    block = pipe1
  []
  [kappa_uo]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = y
    variable = kappa
    num_layers = 10
    block = pipe1
  []
[]


[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A   = 1.28584e-01
    D_h = 8.18592e-01
    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = 6.28319e-01
    initial_T_wall = 300.
    var_type = elemental
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 400
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T_wall_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T_wall
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [htc_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Hw
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1e-7
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T Hw'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/gate_valve_1phase/gate_valve_1phase.i)

# This input file is used to test the gate valve component.

# This problem consists of a T junction of 3 pipes. The inlet pipe is one of the
# 2 pipes of the "top" of the T. The other 2 pipes each have a gate valve.
# Initially, one of the 2 outlet pipes has an open valve and the other has a
# closed valve. Later in the transient, the valves gradually open/close to switch
# the outlet flow direction.

p = 1.0e5
T = 300.0
rho = 1.161430436 # @ 1e5 Pa, 300 K

D = 0.1
A = ${fparse pi * D^2 / 4.0}
V_junction = ${fparse pi * D^3 / 4.0}

vel_in = 2.0
m_dot = ${fparse rho * vel_in * A}

t_begin = 0.3
delta_t_open = 0.1

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
  fp = fp

  f = 0.0

  initial_T = ${T}
  initial_p = ${p}
  initial_vel = 0
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.02897
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [pipe3_open_fn]
    type = TimeRampFunction
    initial_value = 1
    final_value = 0
    initial_time = ${t_begin}
    ramp_duration = ${delta_t_open}
  []
  [pipe2_open_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1 - pipe3_phi'
    symbol_names = 'pipe3_phi'
    symbol_values = 'pipe3_open_fn'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot}
    T = ${T}
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 50
    A = ${A}
  []

  [volume_junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2A:in pipe3A:in'
    volume = ${V_junction}
    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [pipe2A]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A}
  []

  [pipe2_valve]
    type = GateValve1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2A:out pipe2B:in'
    open_area_fraction = 0 # (controlled via 'pipe2_valve_control')
  []

  [pipe2B]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0.5 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A}
  []

  [pipe2_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2B:out'
    p = ${p}
  []

  [pipe3A]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A}
  []

  [pipe3_valve]
    type = GateValve1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3A:out pipe3B:in'
    open_area_fraction = 0 # (controlled via 'pipe3_valve_control')
  []

  [pipe3B]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A}
  []

  [pipe3_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe3B:out'
    p = ${p}
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [pipe2_valve_control]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = pipe2_valve
    parameter = open_area_fraction
    function = pipe2_open_fn
  []
  [pipe3_valve_control]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = pipe3_valve
    parameter = open_area_fraction
    function = pipe3_open_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-4

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1.0
  dt = 0.01
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'p T vel'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_volumetric_1phase/phy.conservation.1phase.i)

# Tests energy conservation for HeatSourceVolumetric component with 1-phase flow

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [flow_channel]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1
    f = 0
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures

    initial_T = 310
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0
  []
  [wall1]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = flow_channel:in
  []
  [wall2]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = flow_channel:out
  []

  [heat_source]
    type = HeatSourceVolumetric1Phase
    flow_channel = flow_channel
    q = 1e3
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_tot_change'
  execute_on = 'final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/component/err.setup_status.i)

# This test tests the setup-status-checking capability of Component. In this
# test, a Pipe component is coupled to a test component, which tries to call
# a Pipe function that retrieves data that has not been set yet. This function
# has the call that is being tested, which should produce an error because it
# is being called before Pipe's init() function was called, due to the test
# component being added before the Pipe.

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [a_test_component]
    type = TestSetupStatusComponent
    flow_channel = pipe
  []

  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = 1

    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    f = 0
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/phy.unequal_area.i)

# Junction between 2 pipes where the second has half the area of the first.
# The momentum density of the second should be twice that of the first.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_T = 300
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel_x = 50
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  f = 0

  fp = eos

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 250
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 1
    n_elems = 20
    initial_vel = 20
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-4
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-8
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 0.5
    n_elems = 20
    initial_vel = 15
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 3
  dt = 0.1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # These post-processors are used to test that the outlet side of the junction,
  # which has half the area of the inlet side, has twice the momentum density
  # that the inlet side does.
  [rhouA_pipe1]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = pipe1:out
  []
  [rhouA_pipe2]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = rhouA
    boundary = pipe2:out
  []
  [test_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = rhouA_pipe1
    value2 = rhouA_pipe2
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = test_rel_err
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]
[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/super_sonic_tube/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'

  initial_p = 101325
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 522.676

  closures = simple_closures

  spatial_discretization = cg
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [ig]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.41
    molar_mass = 0.028966206103678928
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = ig
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1.
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0.0

    length = 1
    n_elems = 100
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SupersonicInlet
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p = 101325
    T = 300.0
    vel = 522.676
  []

  [outlet]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-5
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = TRAP
    order = FIRST
  []
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/volume_junction/base.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    volume = 1
    position = '1 0 0'

    scaling_factor_rhoV  = 1
    scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
    scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/04_loop.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out cooling_pipe:in'
  []

  [cooling_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A_pipe}
  []

  [cold_wall]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = cooling_pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * pipe_dia}'
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cooling_pipe:out down_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct10]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = cooling_pipe:out
    variable = T
  []
  [pump_head]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = pump
    parameter = head
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/closures/THM_1phase/thm1phase.i)

D = 0.1
A = '${fparse (1./4.)*pi*D^2}'
P_hf = '${fparse pi*D}'
D_h = '${fparse 4*A/P_hf}'
mdot = 0.04
file_base = 'db_churchill'

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_vel = 0.003
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300

  D_h = ${D_h}
  A = ${A}
  P_hf = ${P_hf}

  m_dot = ${mdot}

  closures = thm
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.56361
    mu = 8.84e-05
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
    wall_htc_closure = dittus_boelter
    wall_ff_closure = churchill
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = water
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  #--------------Pipe BCs-------------#
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    T = 300
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = 'pipe'
    T_wall = 500
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 1e-5
[]

[Postprocessors]

  [Hw]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = Hw
  []
  [f]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = f_D
    block = pipe
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  file_base = ${file_base}
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/solid_wall_1phase/phy.3eqn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 101325
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A   = 1.0000000000e-04
    D_h  = 1.1283791671e-02
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/mesh_block_interaction/test.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = CoefDiffusion
    variable = u
    coef = 0.1
  []
  [time]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'iwst_pipe_1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 100
  []

  [iwst_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 10
    n_elems = 15
    A = 1
    D_h = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'iwst_pipe_1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/phy.conservation_ss.i)

# Testing energy conservation at steady state

P_hf = ${fparse 0.6 * sin (pi/24)}

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-3'
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[Materials]
  [mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    block = 'blk:0'
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '1000 10 30'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]


[Components]
  [in1]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 300
  []
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.15 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    A = 0.00314159
    f = 0.0
  []
  [out1]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch1:out'
    p = 1.01e5
  []

  [in2]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch2:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 350
  []
  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.15 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 10
    length = 1
    initial_T = 350
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    A = 0.00314159
    f = 0
  []
  [out2]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch2:out'
    p = 1.01e5
  []

  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = mesh.e
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_T = 325
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'fch1 fch2'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:rmin
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_in1]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = in1
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_out1]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = out1
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [hf_pipe1]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = fch1
    T_wall = T_wall
    T = T
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_diff1]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_in1
    value2 = E_out1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_conservation1]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_diff1 hf_pipe1'
  []
  [E_in2]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = in2
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_out2]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = out2
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [hf_pipe2]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = fch2
    T_wall = T_wall
    T = T
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_diff2]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_in2
    value2 = E_out2
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_conservation2]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_diff2 hf_pipe2'
  []
  [E_conservation_hs]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'hf_pipe1 hf_pipe2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 5
  end_time = 100

  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = basic
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'phy.conservation_ss'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_conservation1 E_conservation2 E_conservation_hs'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_external_app_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn.child.i)

# This is a part of phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn test. See the master file for details.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h = 6.1661977237e+00
    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 3000
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.5
  dtmin = 1e-7
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/volume_junction_1phase/phy.deadend.i)

# Junction between 3 pipes, 1 of which goes to a dead-end. In the steady-state,
# no flow should go into the dead-end pipe.

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'

  initial_T = 250
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [p0]
    block = 'inlet_pipe outlet_pipe deadend_pipe'
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [p0_kernel]
    type = StagnationPressureAux
    variable = p0
    fp = eos
    e = e
    v = v
    vel = vel
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if (x < 1, 300 + 50 * sin(2*pi*x + 1.5*pi), 250)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'inlet_pipe:in'
    rho = 1.37931034483
    vel = 1
  []

  [inlet_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 1

    f = 0

    initial_T = T0
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 1

    n_elems = 20
  []

  [junction1]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'inlet_pipe:out deadend_pipe:in outlet_pipe:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-8
  []

  [outlet_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos

    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    A = 1

    f = 0

    initial_T = 250
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 1

    n_elems = 20
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'outlet_pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []

  [deadend_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos

    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    A = 1

    f = 0

    initial_T = 250
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_vel = 0

    n_elems = 20
  []

  [deadend]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'deadend_pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-6
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 5
  dt = 0.1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # These post-processors are used for testing that the stagnation pressure in
  # the dead-end pipe is equal to the inlet stagnation pressure.
  [p0_inlet]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p0
    boundary = inlet_pipe:in
  []
  [p0_deadend]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p0
    boundary = deadend_pipe:out
  []
  [test_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = p0_deadend
    value2 = p0_inlet
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = test_rel_err
    sync_only = true
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5'
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/inlet_mass_flow_rate_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 2

  gravity_vector = '9.81 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1. 1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    A = 1e-4
    D_h = 1.12837916709551
    f = 0
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-2
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type -snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = 'test       1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/closures/THM_1phase/multiple_heat_flux.i)

D = 0.1
A = ${fparse 0.25*pi*D^2}
P_hf = ${fparse pi*D}

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
    wall_htc_closure = dittus_boelter
    wall_ff_closure = churchill
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp_air
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    A = ${A}
    closures = thm
    initial_vel = 0.003
    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 300
  []

  [left_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []
  [right_wall]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = 'pipe'
    q_wall = 1000
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
  []
  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatFlux1Phase
    flow_channel = 'pipe'
    q_wall = 2000
    P_hf = ${P_hf}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 0.1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/junction_parallel_channels_1phase/err.missing_ics.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  A = 1e-4
  f = 0
  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    cv = 725
    p_inf = 0
    q = 0
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    # Stagnation property with p = 1e5 Pa, T = 250 K, vel = 1 m/s
    p0 = 100000.68965687
    T0 = 250.00049261084
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 250
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [junction]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1.02 0 0'
    volume = 0.1
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    position = '1.04 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.96
    n_elems = 2

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 250
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_real_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values set by SetRealValueControl are used.
# The values of function T0_fn are set into an aux-field `aux`. Then,
# we compute the average value of this field in a postprocessor. It
# should be equal to the value of T0_fn.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 15.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 350.
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [aux]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_kernel]
    type = ConstantAux
    variable = aux
    value = 350
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '350 345'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [T_inlet_fn]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = T0_fn
  []

  [set_inlet_value]
    type = SetRealValueControl
    parameter = AuxKernels/aux_kernel/value
    value = T_inlet_fn:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [aux]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = aux
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/lax_shock_tube/lax_shock_tube.i)

# This test problem is the Lax shock tube test problem,
# which is a Riemann problem with the following parameters:
#   * domain = (0,1)
#   * gravity = 0
#   * EoS: Ideal gas EoS with gamma = 1.4, R = 0.71428571428571428571
#   * interface: x = 0.5
#   * typical end time: 0.15
# Left initial values:
#   * rho = 0.445
#   * vel = 0.692
#   * p = 3.52874226
# Right initial values:
#   * rho = 0.5
#   * vel = 0
#   * p = 0.571

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Functions]
  [p_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5        1.0'
    y = '3.52874226 0.571'
  []

  [T_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5              1.0'
    y = '11.1016610426966 1.5988'
  []

  [vel_ic_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    x = '0.5   1.0'
    y = '0.692 0.0'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 11.64024372
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase

    fp = fp

    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 100
    A = 1.0

    # IC
    initial_T = T_ic_fn
    initial_p = p_ic_fn
    initial_vel = vel_ic_fn

    f = 0
  []

  [left_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
  []

  [right_boundary]
    type = FreeBoundary1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    # add order via 'cli_args' in 'tests'
  []
  solve_type = LINEAR

  l_tol = 1e-4

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  # run to t = 0.15
  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 150
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'lax_shock_tube'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'rho p vel'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/include/components/ElbowPipe1Phase.h)

// This file is part of the MOOSE framework
// https://mooseframework.inl.gov
//
// All rights reserved, see COPYRIGHT for full restrictions
// https://github.com/idaholab/moose/blob/master/COPYRIGHT
//
// Licensed under LGPL 2.1, please see LICENSE for details
// https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html

#pragma once

#include "FlowChannel1Phase.h"

/**
 * Bent pipe for 1-phase flow
 */
class ElbowPipe1Phase : public FlowChannel1Phase
{
public:
  ElbowPipe1Phase(const InputParameters & params);

protected:
  virtual void buildMeshNodes() override;

  /// Radius of the pipe [m]
  Real _radius;
  /// Start angle [degrees]
  Real _start_angle;
  /// End angle [degrees]
  Real _end_angle;
  /// central angle
  Real _central_angle;

public:
  static InputParameters validParams();
};