Best practices for securing code in your supply chain

About this guide

This guide describes the highest impact changes you can make to improve the security of your code. Each section outlines a change you can make to your processes to improve security. The highest impact changes are listed first.

What's the risk?

Key risks in the development process include:

• Using dependencies with security vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit.
• Leaking authentication credentials or a token that an attacker could use to access your resources.
• Introducing a vulnerability to your own code that an attacker could exploit.

These risks open your resources and projects to attack and those risks are passed directly on to anyone who uses a package that you create. The following sections explain how you can protect yourself and your users from these risks.

Create a vulnerability management program for dependencies

You can secure the code you depend on by creating a vulnerability management program for dependencies. At a high level this should include processes to ensure that you:

1. Create an inventory of your dependencies.

2. Know when there is a security vulnerability in a dependency.

3. Assess the impact of that vulnerability on your code and decide what action to take.

Automatic inventory generation

As a first step, you want to make a complete inventory of your dependencies. The dependency graph for a repository shows you dependencies for supported ecosystems. If you check in your dependencies, or use other ecosystems, you will need to supplement this with data from 3rd party tools or by listing dependencies manually. For more information, see "About the dependency graph."

Automatic detection of vulnerabilities in dependencies

Dependabot can help you by monitoring your dependencies and notifying you when they contain a known vulnerability. You can even enable Dependabot to automatically raise pull requests that update the dependency to a secure version. For more information, see "About alerts for vulnerable dependencies" and "About Dependabot security updates".

Assessment of exposure to risk from a vulnerable dependency

When you discover you are using a vulnerable dependency, for example, a library or a framework, you must assess your project's level of exposure and determine what action to take. Vulnerabilities are usually reported with a severity score to show how severe their impact could be. The severity score is a useful guide but cannot tell you the full impact of the vulnerability on your code.

To assess the impact of a vulnerability on your code, you also need to consider how you use the library and determine how much risk that actually poses to your system. Maybe the vulnerability is part of a feature that you don't use, and you can update the affected library and continue with your normal release cycle. Or maybe your code is badly exposed to risk, and you need to update the affected library and ship an updated build right away. This decision depends on how you're using the library in your system, and is a decision that only you have the knowledge to make.

Secure your communication tokens

Code often needs to communicate with other systems over a network, and requires secrets (like a password, or an API key) to authenticate. Your system needs access to those secrets to run, but it's best practice to not include them in your source code. This is especially important for public repositories, but also for private repositories to which many people might have access.

Automatic detection of secrets committed to a repository

GitHub partners with many providers to automatically detect when secrets are committed to or stored in your public repositories, and will notify the provider so they can take appropriate actions to ensure your account remains secure. For more information, see "About secret scanning for partner patterns."

Note: Organizations using GitHub Enterprise Cloud with GitHub Advanced Security can also enable secret scanning for advanced security on any repository they own, including private repositories. For more information, see the GitHub Enterprise Cloud documentation.

Secure storage of secrets you use in GitHub

Besides your code, you probably need to use secrets in other places. For example, to allow GitHub Actions workflows, Dependabot, or your Codespaces development environment to communicate with other systems. For more information on how to securely store and use secrets, see "Encrypted secrets in Actions," "Managing encrypted secrets for Dependabot," and "Managing encrypted secrets for your codespaces."

Keep vulnerable coding patterns out of your repository

Create a pull request review process

You can improve the quality and security of your code by ensuring that all pull requests are reviewed and tested before they are merged. GitHub has many features you can use to control the review and merge process. To get started, see "About protected branches."

Scan your code for vulnerable patterns

Insecure code patterns are often difficult for reviewers to spot unaided. In addition to scanning your code for secrets, you can check it for patterns that are associated with security vulnerabilities. For example, a function that isn't memory-safe, or failing to escaping user input that could lead to an injection vulnerability. GitHub offers several different ways to approach both how and when you scan your code. To get started, see "About code scanning."

Next steps

• "Securing your end-to-end supply chain"

• "Best practices for securing accounts"

• "Best practices for securing your build system"