Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke

Hayakawa, Kazuhide; Esposito, Elga; Wang, Xiaohua; Terasaki, Yasukazu; Liu, Yi; Xing, Changhong; Ji, Xunming; Lo, Eng H.

doi:10.1038/nature18928

Nature

2016

DOI: 10.1038/nature18928

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Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke

Kazuhide Hayakawa

¹

,

Elga Esposito

²

,

Xiaohua Wang

³

et al.

Abstract: Recently, it was suggested that neurons can release and transfer damaged mitochondria to astrocytes for disposal and recycling 1. This ability to exchange mitochondria may represent a potential mode of cell-cell signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that astrocytes can also release functional mitochondria that enter into neurons. Astrocytic release of extracellular mitochondria particles was mediated by a calcium-dependent mechanism involving CD38/cyclic ADP ribose signaling. Transient f… Show more

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Cited by 1,332 publications

(1,213 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition to our prior observations, our findings of mitochondria in lEVs also align with several published works where the author has shown the presence of mitochondria in lEVs derived from human endothelial progenitor cells, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells [26, 35, 36, 79]. The observed morphology of mitochondria in the lEVs also aligned with the morphology reported by other groups [80–82]. It should be noted that the morphology of mitochondria in the TEM images can be impacted by the extensive sample processing and the high-speed centrifuging steps involved in sectioning EVs [83].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Mitochondria-containing large extracellular vesicles target mouse motor neurons upon intramuscular injection

Pinky

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Khare

³

et al. 2025

Preprint

0

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…In addition to our prior observations, our findings of mitochondria in lEVs also align with several published works where the author has shown the presence of mitochondria in lEVs derived from human endothelial progenitor cells, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells [26, 35, 36, 79]. The observed morphology of mitochondria in the lEVs also aligned with the morphology reported by other groups [80–82]. It should be noted that the morphology of mitochondria in the TEM images can be impacted by the extensive sample processing and the high-speed centrifuging steps involved in sectioning EVs [83].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Mitochondria-containing large extracellular vesicles target mouse motor neurons upon intramuscular injection

Pinky

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Khare

³

et al. 2025

Preprint

0

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…In contrast, 120K EVs lumen lacked electron-dense structures, suggesting the absence of mitochondria in mBEC and hBEC-120K EVs. It is important to note that the morphology of 20K EVs mitochondria in our TEM images was comparable with extracellular free mitochondria or mitochondria-containing EVs presented in previously published reports [17, 19, 50]. So, we conclude that irrespective of the donor cell species, both mBEC and hBEC-20K EVs contained mitochondria, and 120K EVs lacked mitochondria.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles from mouse vs . human brain endothelial cells for ischemic stroke therapy

Dave

¹

,

Venna

²

,

Rao

³

et al. 2024

Preprint

3

0

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…We observed that mitochondria with low membrane potential were upregulated in CSF of the mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia, which was in accordance with previous publications ( Hayakawa et al, 2016 ). The extracellular mitochondria were also detected in CSF with decreased Δψms in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rats ( Chou et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Neurons Release Injured Mitochondria as “Help-Me” Signaling After Ischemic Stroke

Gao

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Hou

³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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